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Anesthesia and Analgesia in the Global ContextSection 1: Anesthesia and “Global Health”Section 2: Evolution of Anesthesia Care Models and Challenges Around the WorldSection 3: Essentials for Practice in Resource-Constrained SettingsAppendix 1 Links and Useful Resources3. Perioperative MedicineModels of Perioperative Care4. Informatics in
Perioperative MedicineStandards for Healthcare Data ExchangeRegulation of Electronic Data ExchangeThe Nature of Healthcare Information in the Anesthesia EncounterDevelopment and Deployment of Anesthesia Information Management SystemsIntegration of Anesthesia Care Information with Operating Room Information SystemsDevelopment of
Decision Support ToolsIntegration with the Enterprise Electronic Health RecordBilling System InteractionsChallenges in Anesthesia Information Management System ImplementationAdditional Uses for Collected DataInteractions of Electronic Devices with the Delivery of Anesthesia Care5. Quality Improvement in Anesthesia Practice and Patient
SafetyApproaches to Quality AssessmentQuality Improvement Measures and ToolsSources of Quality Improvement InformationExamples of Quality Improvement ProgramsThe Future: Research, Education, and Ethics6. Avoiding Patient Harm in Anesthesia: Human Performance and Patient SafetyWhat this Chapter is About: An OverviewHuman
Performance and Patient Safety in Anesthesia: Why is this Important?Nature of the Anesthesia Professional’s Operational Domain: A Dynamic and Complex EnvironmentNature of the Anesthesia Professional’s Work: Task Variation and Workload ManagementPatient Safety on the Individual and Team LevelPatient Safety on the Organizational LevelThe
Bigger Picture: Patient Safety Efforts on the U.S. National and International LevelAppendix 6.1. Online Links and Valuable Public SourcesWhat This Chapter Is About: An OverviewSimulation in Anesthesia: Why Is It Important?Application of Simulation in Anesthesia and Health CareHistory, Development, and Types of Simulators and
SimulationSimulation Fidelity and Classification of SimulatorsSimulation Team Training Participants: Who Should Be Trained and in What Composition?Patient Simulation Timing: Announced in Advance Versus Unannounced in AdvanceScopes of Simulation in Health Care: The 12 Dimensions of SimulationCrisis Resource Management (ACRM; CRM):
Part of Modern Patient Simulation Team TrainingAnatomy of a Patient Simulation Team Training ExerciseScenario Design and Execution: Knowing the Learning Objectives and Making It RealDebriefing: Heart and Soul of Patient SimulationQualification and Certification of Simulation InstructorsAccreditation of Simulation Programs, Sites, and
CentersBenefits, Effectiveness, and Ecological Validity of Simulation TrainingCost of Patient Simulation and Simulation CentersUsing Simulation for Assessment of Clinical PerformanceSimulation Societies and Simulation JournalsThe Future of Patient Simulation in AnesthesiaAppendix 7.1 Online Links and Useful Resources8. Ethical Aspects of
Anesthesia CareSpecial Issues in Informed Consent and Informed RefusalEthics of Anesthesia Involving Pregnant WomenThe Uncooperative Patient—Coercion and RestraintTruth Telling—Disclosure of Errors and ApologySection II. Anesthetic Physiology9. Consciousness, Memory, and AnesthesiaOrganization and Function of Normal MemoryEffects
of Anesthetic Drugs on Declarative Memory Function in HumansNonhuman Studies of Anesthetic Effects on Memory Processes and Behavior in the Medial Temporal LobeHuman and Nonhuman Studies of Anesthetic Effects on Fear Memory SystemsAnesthetic Effects on Implicit Memory FunctionSleep and Anesthesia: Two Unequal Twins Influencing
Perioperative MedicineSleep and Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit11.
Cerebral Physiology and the Effects of Anesthetic DrugsThe Anatomy of the Cerebral CirculationEffects of Anesthetics on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Metabolic RateOther Effects of Anesthetics on Cerebral PhysiologyCerebral Physiology in Pathologic States12. Neuromuscular Physiology and PharmacologyNeuromuscular TransmissionDrug
Effects on Postjunctional ReceptorsBiology of Prejunctional and Postjunctional Nicotinic Acetylcholine ReceptorsNeuromuscular Junction at Extremes of Age13.

Respiratory Physiology and PathophysiologyRespiratory Physiology Is Central to the Practice of AnesthesiaPulmonary Physiology in HealthStatic Lung Volumes—Functional Residual CapacityDistribution of Inspired GasClinical Assessment of Lung FunctionIntraoperative Respiratory EventsVentilation-Perfusion Matching During AnesthesiaFactors that
Influence Respiratory Function During AnesthesiaLung Function After Cardiac SurgeryPostoperative PhysiotherapyEffect of Sleep on RespirationPhysiology of the Intact HeartCellular Cardiac PhysiologyControl of Cardiac Function15. Gastrointestinal Physiology and PathophysiologyGastrointestinal Anatomy and FunctionTransit Time in Health and
DiseaseMethods of Evaluating Colonic MotilityThe Effects of General Anesthesia on Bowel FunctionEffect of Opioids on Bowel FunctionEffect of Open Abdominal Surgery, Ischemia, Stomas, and Bowel Anastomosis on Gastrointestinal Physiology and FunctionGastrointestinal System Nociception16. Hepatic Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic
ConsiderationsStrategies for Minimizing Blood Loss17. Renal Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, and Evaluation of FunctionOrganization of the Kidney18. Basic Principles of PharmacologySpecial Interests in Anesthetic PharmacokineticsPharmacodynamic Principles19. Inhaled Anesthetics: Mechanisms of ActionIntegrated Effects on Central
Nervous System FunctionIdentification of Molecular Sites of Anesthetic ActionSimple Circuits and Complex NetworksResearch Strategies for the Future20. Inhaled Anesthetic Uptake, Distribution, Metabolism, and ToxicityUptake and Distribution of Inhaled AnestheticsSynthesis of the Model and Inhaled Anesthetic Induction: PK/PDMetabolism and
Toxicity of Inhaled Anesthetics21. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Inhaled AnestheticsMucociliary Function and SurfactantNonvolatile Inhaled Agents22. Inhaled Anesthetics: Delivery SystemsStandards and Guidelines for Anesthesia WorkstationsFunctional Anatomy of the Anesthesia WorkstationChecking Your Anesthesia Workstation23. Intravenous
AnestheticsPhysicochemical CharacteristicsPhencyclidines (Ketamine)Effects on the Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System Protection and Other Central Nervous System EffectsNeurophysiologic Effects of OpioidsRespiratory Effects of OpioidsCardiovascular Effects of OpioidsEndocrinologic Effects of OpioidsRenal and Urodynamic Effects
of OpioidsEffects of Opioids on Digestive OrgansPharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of OpioidsAnesthetic Techniques Using OpioidsAgonist-Antagonist Opioid CompoundsDrug Interactions With Opioids25. Nonopioid Pain MedicationsNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs26. Intravenous Drug Delivery SystemsPharmacokinetic
ConsiderationsPharmacodynamic ConsiderationsDesigning Dosing RegimensIntravenous Infusion Devices and Technologies27. Pharmacology of Neuromuscular Blocking DrugsPrinciples of Action of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs at the Neuromuscular JunctionPharmacology of SuccinylcholineNondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs28.
Reversal (Antagonism) of Neuromuscular BlockadeAntagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: Current Management PracticesDrugs Used to Antagonize (Reverse) Neuromuscular BlockadeAnatomy of the Peripheral NerveMechanism of Action of Local Anesthetics (Pharmacodynamics)Choice of Local Anesthetic for Various Regional Anesthetic
ProceduresDevelopment of Prolonged-Duration and Sensory- or Nociceptive-Selective Local AnestheticsBiologic Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Failure: Inflammation, Hyperalgesia, Tachyphylaxis, and Genetic VariantsSection III. Anesthesia ManagementFramework of Perioperative RiskIssues Related to Study DesignRisks Related to Patient
CharacteristicsRisks Directly Related to the Anesthetic DrugRisks Related to the Location of Surgery and Postoperative MonitoringRisks Related to the Anesthesia ProviderImproving Anesthesia Safety31. Preoperative EvaluationEvolution of Preanesthesia EvaluationGoals and Benefits of Preanesthesia EvaluationClinical Examination During
Preoperative EvaluationFrailty, Geriatric Conditions, and the Older Surgical PatientPreoperative Evaluation of Patients With Coexisting DiseaseSpecial Issues in Preoperative EvaluationPreoperative Laboratory and Diagnostic StudiesPreoperative Risk AssessmentPreoperative Medication ManagementPreoperative Evaluation Clinic32. Anesthetic
Implications of Concurrent DiseasesRole of the Primary Care Physician or ConsultantDiseases Involving the Endocrine System and Disorders of NutritionDiseases Involving the Cardiovascular SystemDisorders of the Respiratory and Immune SystemsDiseases of the Central Nervous System, Neuromuscular Diseases, and Psychiatric DisordersRenal
Disease and Electrolyte DisordersGastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesHematologic Disorders and Oncologic DiseasePatients Given Drug Therapy for Chronic and Acute Medical Conditions33. Anesthetic Implications of Complementary and Alternative TherapiesPreoperative Assessment and ManagementOther Dietary Supplements34. Patient
Positioning and Associated RisksPhysiologic Considerations of PositioningGeneral Positioning ConsiderationsAnesthesia Outside the Operating RoomPerioperative Visual Loss35. Neuromuscular Disorders Including Malignant Hyperthermia and Other Genetic DisordersMalignant Hyperthermia Is the Result of Abnormal Function of Muscle Calcium
Release UnitsFulminant Malignant HyperthermiaMalignant Hyperthermia–Associated SyndromesDiagnosis in the Operating Room and Postanesthesia Care UnitAnesthesia for Susceptible PatientsHereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth DiseaseDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular DystrophyLimb-
Girdle Muscular DystrophyGlycogen Storage Disease Type IGlycogen Storage Disease Type II (Acid Maltase Deficiency)Periodic Paralysis (Hyperkalemic, Hypokalemic, and Normokalemic)36. Cardiovascular MonitoringIntroduction to Cardiovascular Monitoring: Focused Physical ExaminationHeart Rate and Pulse Rate MonitoringElectrocardiography
MonitoringBlood Pressure MonitoringCentral Venous Pressure MonitoringPulmonary Artery Catheter MonitoringCardiac Output Monitoring37. Perioperative EchocardiographyHistory of Perioperative EchocardiographyThree-Dimensional Image AcquisitionIndications and Practice GuidelinesTransesophageal Echocardiography ExaminationEpicardial
and Epiaortic ImagingTransthoracic Echocardiography ExaminationHemodynamic Failure and ShockIntraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography - Noncardiac SurgeryIntraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography - Cardiac SurgeryIntraprocedural Transesophageal Echocardiography- Structural Heart InterventionsPerioperative
Transthoracic Echocardiography and Focused Cardiac UltrasoundTraining and Certification38. Implantable Cardiac Pulse Generators: Pacemakers and Cardioverter-DefibrillatorsBasic Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device FunctionPerioperative Considerations39. Neurologic MonitoringClinical Applications of Neurologic MonitoringNonsurgical
Factors Influencing Monitoring Results40. Monitoring the State of the Brain and Central Nervous System During General Anesthesia and SedationInduction of General AnesthesiaMaintenance of General Anesthesia: Physiologic Signs and the Nociceptive-Medullary-Autonomic PathwayMaintenance of General Anesthesia: Electroencephalogram-Based
Indices of Level of ConsciousnessEmergence From General AnesthesiaEmerging Strategies for Monitoring the Brain States of General Anesthesia and Sedation41. Respiratory MonitoringOverview of Respiratory MonitoringMixed Venous Oxygen SaturationCapnometry and CapnographyMonitoring Lung Flows, Volumes, and
Pressures:Plethysmographic MonitoringRespiratory Rate Monitoring: Apnea MonitoringImaging for Respiratory MonitoringRespiratory Monitoring in Special ConditionsAdditional Monitored Variables42. Renal Pathophysiology and Treatment for Perioperative Ischemia and Nephrotoxic InjuryIntroduction and Acute Kidney Injury
DefinitionsPathophysiologic Processes of Ischemic Acute Kidney InjuryRenal Response to Hypoperfusion: Autoregulation and Distribution of Cardiac Output to the KidneysDetection of Acute Kidney InjuryPreoperative Evaluation of Renal Function and Risk StratificationPerioperative Acute Kidney Injury: Mechanisms and TreatmentPerioperative Blood
Pressure and Fluid ManagementNephrotoxins and Acute Kidney InjuryRenal Replacement Therapy43. Neuromuscular MonitoringPrinciples of Peripheral Nerve StimulationTypes of Peripheral Nerve StimulationSites of Nerve Stimulation and Different Muscle ResponsesPatterns of Nerve StimulationPeripheral Nerve StimulatorEvaluation of Recorded
Evoked ResponsesUse of Nerve Stimulators in Daily Clinical PracticeWhen to Use a Peripheral Nerve Stimulator44. Airway Management in the AdultFunctional Airway AnatomyPhysiologic Concepts for Airway ManagementAnesthesia for Airway ManagementEmergency Front of Neck AccessExtubation of the TracheaDissemination of Critical Airway
Information45. Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia46. Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Ultrasound Guidance for Regional AnesthesiaTechniques for Localizing Neural StructuresTransducer Selection, Manipulation, and Modes of ImagingApproaches to Regional Block With UltrasoundContinuous Catheter TechniquesChoice of Local Anesthetic47.
Perioperative Fluid and Electrolyte TherapyClinical Fluid and Electrolyte Management48. Perioperative Acid-Base BalanceIntroduction—Why Is Acid-Base Balance Important?What Are Acids and Bases?What Determines the Acidity or Alkalinity of a Solution?Regulation of Acid-Base BalanceAnalytic Tools Used in Acid-Base ChemistryAcid-Base
Problems in Perioperative and Critical Care MedicineMetabolic Acidosis and AlkalosisPerioperative Metabolic Alkalosis49.
Patient Blood Management: Transfusion TherapyEvolution and Recent History of Blood Transfusion TherapyBlood Component Therapy: Indications for TransfusionSynthetic Oxygen-Carrying SubstancesMaximal Surgical Blood Order ScheduleCitrate Intoxication and HyperkalemiaLeukoreduction and Irradiation of Blood Transfusions50. Patient Blood
Management: CoagulationAntithrombotics, Thrombolytics, and Procoagulant DrugsPerioperative Management of AnticoagulationEmergent Reversal of AnticoagulantsSection IV. Adult Subspecialty Management51. Management of the Patient with Chronic PainDrugs Used for Chronic PainInterventional Methods used for Chronic PainPerioperative
Management of Patients with Chronic PainWhat Is Palliative Medicine?Where Is Palliative Care Delivered?Differences Between Hospice Care and Palliative CareAnesthetic Concerns in the Patient Receiving Palliative Care53. Anesthesia for Thoracic SurgeryConcomitant Medical ConditionsDifficult Endobronchial IntubationPrediction of Desaturation
During One-Lung VentilationAssessment for Repeat Thoracic SurgeryIntraoperative MonitoringInvasive Hemodynamic MonitoringOther Monitoring TechnologyDifficult Airways and One-Lung VentilationLung-Isolation Techniques in Patients With a Tracheostomy in PlaceManagement of One-Lung VentilationHypoxic Pulmonary
VasoconstrictionVentilation Strategies During One-Lung VentilationPrediction of Hypoxemia During One-Lung VentilationTreatment of Hypoxemia During One-Lung VentilationAnesthetic Management for Common Surgical ProceduresLimited Pulmonary Resections: Segmentectomy and Wedge ResectionAnesthetic Management for Specific Surgical
ProceduresAnesthesia for Tracheal ResectionBlebs, Bullae, Cysts, and PneumatocelesPulmonary ThromboendarterectomyThymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis54. Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgical ProceduresCardiovascular Disease in the 21st CenturyApproach to Anesthesia for the Adult Cardiac PatientSpecific Cardiovascular Disease StatesProcedures
in the Hybrid Operating Room55. Anesthesia for Correction of Cardiac ArrhythmiasScope of Cardiac ArrhythmiasResynchronization TherapyImplantable Cardioverter-DefibrillatorCorrection of Cardiac Arrhythmias With Ablation Therapy56. Anesthesia for Vascular SurgeryAbdominal Aortic ReconstructionEndovascular Aortic Repair
SurgeryEndovascular Treatment of Carotid Disease: Carotid Artery StentingLower Extremity Revascularization57. Anesthesia for Neurologic Surgery and NeurointerventionsRecurrent Issues in Neuroanesthesia58. Anesthesia for Bariatric SurgeryNonsurgical Management of ObesitySurgical Management of ObesityAnesthetic Management of the
Bariatric Surgical PatientConsiderations for Management of the Obese Patient Presenting for Nonbariatric Surgery59. Anesthesia and the Renal and Genitourinary SystemsInnervation of the Genitourinary SystemAnesthesia for Patients With Renal DiseaseRenal and Genitourinary ProceduresUrogenital Pain Syndromes and Treatment60. Anesthesia
for Abdominal Organ Transplantation61. Anesthesia for Organ ProcurementManagement of Organ Donors After Declaration of Neurologic DeathDonation After Circulatory (Cardiac) DeathManagement of Organ Donors Before ProcurementManagement of Donors After Circulatory DeathManagement of Organ Donor During Procurement
SurgeryManagement of Living Organ DonorsOrgan Preservation and Management After Procurement62. Anesthesia for ObstetricsPhysiologic Changes During Pregnancy and DeliveryUteroplacental PhysiologyAnesthesia Considerations for Operative DeliveryAnesthesia for Cesarean DeliveryPostcesarean Pain Control and RecoveryComplications of
Regional AnesthesiaAnesthesia for Malpresentation and External Cephalic VersionNonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy63. Anesthesia for Fetal Surgery and Other Fetal TherapiesIndications, Procedures, and OutcomesTwin Reversed Arterial Perfusion SequencePreoperative Assessment and CounselingIntraoperative Management and
ConsiderationsPostoperative Management and ConsiderationsManagement of Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment ProcedureConclusions and Future Considerations64. Anesthesia for Orthopedic SurgerySpecial Considerations for Conditions Leading to Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Procedures in Children with Special ConditionsPerioperative
Management of the Orthopedic PatientAnesthesia for Spine SurgeryOrgan-Specific Age-Related Physiologic and Pathologic ChangesIntraoperative Management Considerations for Older Adults66. Anesthesia for TraumaAnesthesia in War and Austere ConditionsEmergency Airway ManagementResuscitation from Hemorrhagic ShockTrauma to the
Central Nervous SystemOrthopedic and Soft Tissue TraumaSelected Patient Populations67. Prehospital Care for Medical Emergencies and TraumaEmergency Medical Technician and Paramedic-Based Emergency Medical Service SystemsPrimary Survey and Initial Assessment at the SceneOut-of-Hospital Cardiac ArrestNeurologic Injury and Head
InjuryPoint-of-Care DiagnosticsOverdose/Toxicology/Environmental ExposureHorizons in Prehospital Care68. Biological, Natural, and Human-Induced Disasters: The Role of the AnesthesiologistSection 1: Natural DisastersSection 2: Acts of TerrorismSection 3: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear WarfareSection 4: Epidemic and Pandemic
Infectious Outbreaks69. Anesthesia for Ophthalmic SurgeryOverview of Ophthalmic AnesthesiaMonitored Anesthesia CareAnesthesia for Pediatric OphthalmologyPostoperative Considerations in Ophthalmic SurgeryAnesthesia-Related Eye Injuries70. Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic and Head-Neck SurgerySynopsis of Ear, Nose, and Throat
AnatomyPreoperative Evaluation for Ear, Nose, and Throat SurgeryAirway Management in OtolaryngologyAirway Disorders in OtolaryngologyAnesthesia for PanendoscopyTonsillectomy and AdenoidectomyThyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryParotid and Other Salivary Gland SurgeryAnesthesia for Surgical Airways: Cricothyrotomy and
TracheostomyNeck Dissection and LaryngectomyMaxillary, Mandibular, and Temporomandibular Joint SurgeryEar, Nose, and Throat Laser SurgeryHead and Neck Flap Reconstructive SurgeryAnesthesia for Face Transplantation71. Anesthesia for Robotic SurgeryWhy Is the Robot Preferred?Future Applications of Robotic SurgeryPhysiologic Changes
Associated With Patient PositioningCardiac (See Also Chapter 54 Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgical Procedures)Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (See Also Chapter 53 Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery)72. Ambulatory (Outpatient) AnesthesiaBenefits of Ambulatory SurgeryFacilities for Ambulatory SurgeryPatient Selection CriteriaMonitoring
Depth of AnesthesiaRecovery from Ambulatory AnesthesiaPostoperative Nausea and VomitingHome Readiness and Beyond73. Non-Operating Room AnesthesiaOverview: Defining Non-Operating Room Anesthesia—What It Is and How We Got HereTransitional Priorities for Anesthesiologists Outside of the Operating RoomSpecific Procedure-Related
IssuesInterventional Pulmonary ProceduresNovel Anesthetic ConcernsAnesthesiology for Image-Guided Interventions: Evolution of a New InterfaceDiagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions: New ChallengesProcedures Guided by Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance ImagingImage-Guided Procedures for
Specialty Areas: Neuroradiology and Interventional CardiologyProcedures in the Neuroradiology SuiteInterventional Neuroradiology: Acute Stroke TreatmentsInterventional Cardiology Procedures: General Considerations for the Electrophysiology and Catheterization LaboratoriesAnesthesiologists in the Electrophysiology LaboratoryAnesthesiologists
in the Catheterization LaboratoryInterventional Echocardiography Anesthesiologists as Co-Proceduralists—The Road AheadThe Road Ahead: Toward a Comprehensive Strategy74. Clinical Care in Extreme Environments: Physiology at High Altitude and in SpaceIntroduction to Altitude and Explanation of Hypobaric Hypoxia and Its Effect on
Physiologic PerformancePhysiologic Responses to Hypoxia/AcclimatizationSpecial Situations at AltitudeThe Environmental Challenges Posed by SpaceflightCardiovascular Physiology During Space FlightPulmonary Physiology During Space FlightMusculoskeletal Physiology During Space FlightCentral Nervous System and Psychological Challenges
During Space FlightThe Effect of Spaceflight on Other Physiologic Systems (Including the Immune and Gastric Systems)Potential Medical Scenarios During Manned Space MissionsThoughts and Considerations for Anesthetic Provision in Space75. Clinical Care in Extreme Environments: High Pressure, Immersion, Drowning, Hypo- and
HyperthermiaEffects of Increased Gas PressureHyperbaric Oxygen TherapySection V. Pediatric Anesthesia76. Regional Anesthesia in ChildrenRelevant Differences Between Children and AdultsIndications, Contraindications, and ComplicationsSelection of Materials and Anesthetic SolutionAnatomic Identification in Regional AnesthesiaSafety,
Precautions and Discharge CriteriaUpper Extremity Conduction BlocksLower Extremity Conduction BlocksFace, Head, and Neck Nerve BlocksPhysiologic ConsiderationsImportant Pediatric Anesthesia Scenarios78. Anesthesia for Pediatric Cardiac SurgeryUnique Features of Pediatric Cardiac AnesthesiaAnticoagulation, Hemostasis, and Blood
ConservationAnesthesia for Heart and Lung TransplantationAnesthesia for Closed-Heart OperationsAnesthesia for Interventional or Diagnostic Cardiac ProceduresAdult Congenital Heart DiseasePediatric Cardiac ElectrophysiologyAdvances in Resynchronization TherapyAnesthesia for Noncardiac SurgeryOffsite Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery
Patients79. Pediatric and Neonatal Critical CareRelationship Between the Intensive Care Unit and the Operating RoomFamily Partnered Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care UnitDisclosure of Medical ErrorsOrganization of the Pediatric Intensive Care UnitCommon Cardiovascular Disease StatesCardiovascular PharmacologyInterventions During the
Cardiac Arrest (No Flow) and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Low Flow)Post-resuscitation Myocardial DysfunctionVentricular Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia in ChildrenSection VI. Postoperative Care80. The Postanesthesia Care UnitAdmission to the Postanesthesia Care UnitThe Standards for Postanesthesia CareEarly Postoperative
Physiologic ChangesTransport to the Postanesthesia Care UnitManagement of Upper Airway ObstructionDifferential Diagnosis of Arterial Hypoxemia in the Postanesthesia Care UnitMonitoring and Treatment of HypoxemiaMyocardial Ischemia: Evaluation and TreatmentPostoperative Hypothermia and ShiveringPostoperative Nausea and
VomitingPostoperative Management of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Transcatheter Mitral Valve RepairImmediate Postoperative Care of CraniotomiesPotentially Devastating Visual Complications81.
Acute Postoperative PainFundamental ConsiderationsSystemic Analgesic Techniques82. Cognitive Dysfunction and Other Long-Term Complications of Surgery and AnesthesiaNomenclature, Diagnosis, and MeasurementRisk Factors, Informed Consent, and Perioperative ManagementIntraoperative ManagementMechanisms and BiomarkersSection
VII. Critical Care Medicine83. Critical Care AnesthesiologyIntensive Care Unit Structure and ManagementAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Lung Protective VentilationHemodynamic Resuscitation in ShockCare for Patients Receiving Cancer Immunotherapy in the Intensive Care UnitPoint-of-Care Ultrasound in Critical CareIntracranial
Physiology and Cerebrovascular AutoregulationGeneral Cardiopulmonary ConsiderationsFluids, Electrolytes, and NutritionCommon Diseases in the Neurocritical Care UnitPostoperative Neurosurgical Care85. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Cardiac DevicesHistory of Extracorporeal Cardiorespiratory SupportECMO for Respiratory
Failure (VV ECMO)Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Patients Awaiting and Undergoing Lung TransplantationECMO for Circulatory Failure (VA ECMO)The Ethics of Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationThe Mechanics of Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationVascular Access for Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationMonitoring on
Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationTherapeutic Monitoring of Unfractionated Heparin (Table 85.4)Weaning from Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationComplications of Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationThe Anesthesiologist’s Role in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation86. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Advanced Cardiac Life
SupportSudden Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationRecognition and Management of Specific ArrythmiasPostresuscitation InterventionsFuture of Resuscitation Science and CareSection VIII. Ancillary Responsibilities and Problems87.

Acute and Anesthetic Care of the Burn-Injured PatientEstimation of Size and Depth of Burn InjuryStevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal NecrolysisIntraoperative Management88. Occupational Safety, Infection Control, and Substance AbuseEthical and Regulatory ConsiderationsReflection, Feedback, and Forward Planning90. Interpreting the
Medical LiteratureAccessing the Medical LiteratureAssessing the Methodology of a StudyTools to Ensure Study QualityInterpreting the Analysis of a StudyThe Dark Side of the Medical Literature Ronald D.
Miller, MD, MS, Professor Emertius of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California