CHAPTER 1

1. Intersystem Communications
- Intersystems communications is the transfer of data between systems, such as
automatic data processing, communications, computer, information, or control
systems, by means of data exchange or data interchange
2. Define the role of Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM), CORBA and Remote
Method Invocation (RMI), in distributed processing.
3. DCOM enables component applications to operate across the Internet
 Speeding development
 Lowering integration costs
 Improving deployment flexibility

4. Cobra COBRA owned by Object Management Group OMG is middleware

CORBA Interface Definition Language IDL provides the language- and

OS-neutral inter-object commication it supports the construction and

integration of object-oriented software components in mixed

distributed environments. object request broker

5. Cobra’s client to object implementation

6. Remote Method Invocation

RMI provides ORB functionality that is fully integrated with the Java language and runtime
environment. Unlike CORBA, however, the RMI

ORB is fully integrated with the Java language and runtime environment.

7. Cobra vs RMI
8. Describe how web services are used to integrate disparate applications in an
organization: for example, describe the role of the WSDL Web Service Definition
Language, SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol, and UDDI Universal Description,
Discovery and Integration ,architectures in creating and using web services.
9. WSDL ( Web Service Definition Language)

WSDL is a document written in XML. The document describes a Web service. It specifies the
location of the service and the operations (or methods) the service exposes.

Web service as collections of network endpoints or ports

Messages are abstract descriptions of data being exchanged

Port types are abstraction collection of operations

Concrete protocol and data format specification for a particular port type constitutes a binding

10. SOAP SOAP is an XML based protocol for accessing Web Services.

SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol

SOAP simply a procedural call

SOAP is a stateless protocol

11. SOAP SOAP envelope SOAP header Header block Header data Header data

SOAP Body

Body child element

Body child element

12. UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)

UDDI is a platform-independent framework for describing services.

It’s a directory service where companies are in search of web services.

UDDI uses WSDL to describe interfaces to web services

13. SOAP, WSDL and UDDI together make systems flexible

Together is more of a declarative type of programming

14. UDDI working with WSDL AND SOAP

15. Describe the role of socket programming in communicating between systems and
contrast the protocols and uses of TCP/IP sockets and Datagram sockets.
16. A socket is one of the most fundamental technologies of computer networking. Sockets
allow applications to communicate using standard mechanisms built into network
hardware and operating systems.

Three socket types are available:

  Stream sockets provide a bidirectional, reliable, sequenced, and unduplicated flow
of message data.
 Datagram sockets support bidirectional data flow, but don't guarantee that the
message data is sequenced, reliable, or unduplicated.
 Raw sockets give you access to the underlying communication protocols that
support socket abstractions.

17. Role of Socket programming

In a nutshell, a socket represents a single connection between exactly two pieces of

software.

A socket provides a bidirectional communication endpoint for sending and receiving data
with another socket. Socket connections normally run between two different computers on
a LAN or across the Internet, but they can also be used for inter process communication on
a single computer.

18. What do you need for socket communication ?

Basically 4 parameters

 Source Identifier (IP address)

 Source Port
 Destination Identifier
 Destination Port

19. Software applications that rely on the Internet and other computer networks continue
to grow in popularity. The following software packages rely on sockets:
 Web browsers
 instant messaging applications
 peer to peer file sharing systems

20. Contrast the protocols and uses of TCP/IP sockets and Datagram sockets

There are two types of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic.

They are TCP or Transmission Control Protocol and UDP or User Datagram Protocol.

TCP is connection oriented – once a connection is established, data can be sent

bidirectional. UDP is a simpler, connectionless Internet protocol.
Multiple messages are sent as packets in chunks using UDP .

21. Describe the purpose of message and queuing services and how they work
22. One popular messaging services is Short messaging services (SMS)

Short message service is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the mobile
networks.

This messaging services has a store and forward way of transmitting messages to and from
mobiles.

The message (text only) from the sending mobile is stored in a central short message center
(SMS) which then forwards it to the destination mobile. This means that in the case that the
recipient is not available, the short message is stored and can be sent later. Each short
message can be no longer than 160 characters.

23. Short Message Service: How does SMS work?

A typical organization of network elements in a GSM network supporting SMS

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile network that is widely
used by mobile phone users in Europe and other parts of the world.

24. How does it work:

The SMC (Short Message Center) does the job of store and forward of messages between
the mobile station. On the other hand the SME (Secure Mobile Environment) which can be
found in the fixed network or a mobile station, sends and receives short messages.

The SMS GWMS (SMS gateway MSC) is a gateway MSC (Mobile Switching Centre) that can
also receive short messages. The gateway MSC is a mobile network’s point of contact with
other networks.

A Mobile Switching Centre, abbreviated as MSC, is a telephone exchange that makes the
connection between mobile users within the network, from mobile users to the public
switched telephone network and from mobile users to other mobile networks.

On receiving the short message from the short message center, GMSC uses the SS7
network to interrogate the current position of the mobile station form the HLR, the home
location register.
Signaling System 7 (SS7) is an international telecommunication protocol standard that
defines how the network elements in a public switched telephone network (PSTN) exchange
information and control signals. Nodes in an SS7 network are called signaling points.

25. HLR : The main database in a mobile network.

The HLR is a database of all active customers of a mobile network, including their
number, service entitlement, and number porting history.

Whenever a mobile device makes a connection with a mobile network a Message

Switching Center (MSC) will access the network providers HLR and use their
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) code to check what services the
subscriber is allowed to access as part of their contract.

Note that all mobile operators that deliver services on 2G and 3G networks will have
their own HLR. 4G and 5G networks have separate databases for the same purpose.

Functions:

It holds information of the subscription profile of the mobile and also about the routing
information for the subscriber, i.e. the area (covered by a MSC) where the mobile is
currently situated. The GMSC is thus able to pass on the message to the correct MSC.

MSC (Mobile Switching Center) is the entity in a GSM network which does the job of
switching connections between mobile stations or between mobile stations and the fixed
network.

A VLR (Visitor Location Register) corresponds to each MSC and contains temporary
information about the mobile, information like mobile identification and the cell (or a group
of cells) where the mobile is currently situated.

26. The present state of SMS

SMS has seen unprecedented growth in the last few years. In Europe SMS has already
crossed three billion messages per month mark. The current figures and future projections
in the European market below, clearly demonstrate the popularity of SMS in Europe.

27. Message Queuing

Purpose
Message Queuing technology enables applications running at different times to
communicate across heterogeneous networks and systems that may be temporarily offline.
Applications send messages to queues and read messages from queues. The following
illustration on the next page shows how a queue can hold messages that are generated by
multiple sending applications and read by multiple receiving applications.

Message Queuing provides guaranteed message delivery, efficient routing, security, and
priority-based messaging.

28. Figure above represent Message queuing service

29. What Is JMS? The Java Message Service is a Java API that allows applications to create,
send, receive, and read messages. It provides enough features to support sophisticated
messaging applications.

30. JMS server can communicate between client using many protocols the following
protocols:
RMI - Remote Method Invocation
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol
HTTP

31. Male "DB-9" connector (properly known as DE9M): COM1 and COM2

List commonly used low level data communications protocols (e.g. RS232), state conditions
for when each protocol should be used

Female "DB-9" connector (properly known as DE9F):

A VGA connector for monitors

Male "DB-9" connector (properly known as DE9M): COM1 and COM2

32. female DB-25 connector (also known as DB25S): the parallel (printer) port

male DB-25P connector (also known as DB25P): Printer cable that connects to the

Parallel port