Introduction

Renewable energy, a crucial component of sustainable development, is

harnessed from natural processes that are continuously replenished. This
energy emanates directly from the sun or is generated through heat
derived from the Earth's interior. The diverse spectrum of renewable energy
sources encompasses electricity and heat generated from solar, wind,
ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and
hydrogen obtained from renewable sources.

Types of renewable energy

1. Solar Energy

 Photovoltaic (PV) Technology: Converts sunlight directly into

electricity.
 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP): Utilizes mirrors or lenses to focus
sunlight onto a small area, producing heat to generate electricity.

2. Wind Energy

 Onshore Wind Power: Captures wind energy with turbines on land.

 Offshore Wind Power: Harnesses wind energy from turbines located
offshore, often in bodies of water.

3. Hydropower

 Conventional Hydropower: Uses dams and reservoirs to generate

electricity.
 Run-of-River Hydropower: Leverages the natural flow of rivers for
energy production.
 Pumped Storage Hydropower: Stores and manages energy by moving
water between reservoirs at different elevations.

4. Biomass Energy

 Bioenergy from Biomass: Extracts energy from organic materials such

as wood, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste.
  Biofuels: Includes ethanol and biodiesel derived from biological
sources.

5. Geothermal Energy

 Geothermal Power Plants: Converts heat from the Earth's interior into
electricity.
 Direct Use Applications: Utilizes geothermal heat directly for heating
buildings, growing plants in greenhouses, and various industrial
processes.

6. Ocean Energy

 Wave Energy: Captures energy from the movement of ocean waves.

 Tidal Energy: Extracts energy from the rise and fall of tides.
 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Uses temperature
differences between deep and shallow waters to produce power.

7. Biofuels and Hydrogen

 Biofuels: Renewable fuels derived from organic materials.

 Hydrogen: Produced using renewable resources, often through
electrolysis.