STUDY OF FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this experiment is to connect the RS-232 ports of two computers
using Optical Fiber Digital Link, transmit data from one computer over this link
and receive the same data on the other computer.

EQUIPMENTS:
• DCT-03 Kit
• 9 Pin D connector Cables – 2 Nos.
• Power Supply
• 1 Meter Fiber cable
• Computers-PC, Intel Celeron and above - 2 Nos. (Minimum Configuration)

THEORY:

Fiber Optic Links can be used for transmission of digital as well as analog
signals.
Basically a fiber optic link contains three main elements, a transmitter, an optical
fiber and a receiver. The transmitter module takes the input signal in electrical
form and then transforms it into optical (light) energy containing the same
information. The optical fiber is the medium, which carries this energy to the
receiver. At the receiver, light is converted back into electrical form with the same
pattern as originally fed to the transmitter.

TRANSMITTER:
Fiber optic transmitters are typically composed of a buffer, driver and optical
source. The buffer provides both an electrical connection and isolation between
the transmitter and the electrical system supplying the data. The driver
electronics provides electrical power to the optical source in a fashion that
duplicates the pattern of data being fed to the transmitter. Finally the optical
source (LED) converts the electrical current to light energy with the same pattern.
The LED SFH756V supplied with the kit operates inside the visible light
spectrum. Its optical output is centered near visible wavelength of 660 nm. The
emission spectrum is broad, so a dark red glow can usually be seen when the
LED is on.

RECEIVER:
The function of the receiver is to convert the optical energy into electrical form,
which is then conditioned to reproduce the transmitted electrical signal in its
original form. We have used a photo detector SFH551V having TTL type output.
Usually it consists of PIN photodiode, transimpedance amplifier and level shifter.
 CN4
CN3 D
COM2 PC2
COM1 RS-232 R
RS-232
I TRANS
TRANS
PC1 V RECEIVER
RECEIVERTD1 TX TTL RD2
E FIBER SERIAL CABLE
SERIAL CABLE COM PORT
COM PORT IN R
OPTIC RX1 OUT
TX1
CABLE

RD1 TD2

SF 1
OFF ON
OFF
RTS1 CTS2
ON
CTS1 RTS2
SWITCH FAULTS
SW4

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR STUDY OF FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION.

PROCEDURE:

• Refer to the fig. and connect the power supply with proper polarity to the
kit DCT-03 and while connecting, ensure that it is off.
• Keep all switch faults in off position.
• Connect 9 Pin D connector Cable between one computer COM port and
CN3 connector and second 9 Pin D connector Cable between another
computer COM port and CN4 connector.
• Connect the TD1 post to TX post of Fiber Optic transmitter.
• Slightly unscrew the cap of LED SFH 756 (660nm) on kit. Do not remove
the cap from connector. Once the cap is loosened, insert the fiber into
cap, now tight the cap by screwing it back.
• Connect the other end of fiber cable to detector SFH551V.
• Connect the TTL OUT post of Fiber Optic receiver to RD2 post.
• Connect the RD1 post to TD2 post.
• Keep the switch setting of SW4 towards ON position.
• Switch ON the power supply and both the computers.
• Run DCT-03 software on both computers.
• Select Serial Communication Software link on both computers.
• This will provide link to hyper terminal software.
• Open the previously stored connection (e.g. pc1 or pc2)
• To start communicating between the two PCs, click on the TRANSFER
Menu and again click on Send File. A window will be prompted having title
Send File with File Name and Protocol.
• Select Browse for the file, which you would like to send to the PC
connected. Select the file and click on Open. The file name and address
will be displayed in the small window. Then select the Protocol (optional
use: protocols are X modem, Y modem and 1K X modem etc.)
• To receive the file on the PC, click on the TRANSFER Menu and again
click on Receive File. A window will be prompted having title Receive File
with location at which you want to store the Received file and Receiving
Protocol.
• Select Browse for the location where you would like to store the received
file. Select the folder and click on OK. The folder name and address will
be displayed in the small window. Protocol to be selected should be same
as kept at transmitting PC.
• On the PC from which the selected file is to be transmitted, click SEND
button. A window will open showing file transfer status. Immediately at the
Receiving PC, click on Receive (otherwise Time Out Error will be
displayed and communication will fail) .You will see a window showing that
file is being received in the form of packets.
• Remove fiber cable from detector and observe effect. File transmission
stops.
• Connect the removed fiber. Again file transfer resumes.
• After file is transferred, both the windows in the (transmitting & receiving
PCs) will close. Check for the received file in the folder where the file is
stored.