Chapters 1 5 Sample 7

MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
2 Mayor Chanyungco St. Sta. Elena, Marikina City 1800

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the
problems, significance of the study, and the scope and delimitation.
Background of the Study
Deep wells have become integral in all societies. It is a structure in the
ground created through digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater
in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by a pump, or using containers,
such as buckets, that are raised mechanically or by hand. In many places, water
wells provide an ample supply of water to be used for domestic, irrigation, and
industries.
The deep well at Marikina Polytechnic College was conceived on November
2017. The purpose was to construct the well as water source for the nursery of
fruit-bearing plants. It was seen as a cost-effective measure that will lessen the
potable water consumption of the school for watering the nursery of fruit-bearing
plant.
Water helps a plant by transporting important nutrients through the plant.
Nutrients are drawn from the soil and used by the plant. Without enough water in
the cells, the plants droop, so water helps a plant stand. Water carries the
dissolved sugar and other nutrients through the plant. So without the proper
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balance of water, the plant not only is malnourished, but it is also physically weak
and cannot support its own weight.
The intense heat of the sun can bring about plant transpiration as plant parts
need immediate & ample supply of water. Otherwise they wilt & dry-up fast. Water
helps in plant transpiration. This is made possible through the contributions of the
physical & chemical properties of water. The properties of water help alleviate the
hazards of transpiration to the plant itself. Water is being drawn out of the plant,
which will be used to release water molecules into the atmosphere in exchange for
carbon dioxide. Without this process, plants will not be able to complete its food
production or photosynthesis.
Mineral element composition of water is an important factor which has great
effect on fruit quality. The six main nutrients essential to healthy and fruitful plant
development are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Additional major elements plants need in large amounts include calcium and
magnesium. The essential nutrients promote chlorophyll production and the
process of photosynthesis and protect growing plants from environmental
challenges and disease. In addition, the elements are involved in a wide range of
processes in plants including responses to infections, flower induction, fruit yield
and conservation. At the cellular level, it is well established that minerals play roles
in the maintenance of membrane stability, the firmness of cell wall and cell
integrity, activate enzymes that catalyze processes such as respiration,

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photosynthesis, synthesis of DNA and RNA and part of the ring structure of the
chlorophyll molecule.
It is essential to determine the physico-chemical properties and traces of
minerals in the deep well-water sample at MPC to ensure that it is suitable for
watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing plants.
This study also aims to help the MPC to lessen their financial obligation by
having the water in the deep well as a water source for the nursery of fruit-bearing
plants. Also by doing this, the MPC can be a distributor of the fruit-bearing plants
for the Marikina community to help them minimize the climate change and flood by
planting it on the appropriate place. With this study, the researchers can analyze
the mineral content of the water in the deep well suitable mainly for watering the
fruit-bearing plants in the nursery at MPC.
Statement of the Problem
The researchers aimed to analyze the water from the constructed Deep
Well in Marikina Polytechnic College and determine its suitability in watering fruit-
bearing plants.
More specifically, it tried to answer the following questions:
1. What are the physico-chemical properties of the water samples taken
from of the deep well at MPC in terms of the following criteria:
a. Specific gravity,
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b. Turbidity, 4
c. Odor,
d. Total dissolved solids, and
e. pH?
2. Are there traces of calcium, sodium and potassium in the water samples
collected from the deep well at MPC?
3. Is the water from the deep well at MPC suitable in watering the nursery
for the fruit-bearing plants?
Significance of the Study
This research study entitled “Analysis of the Deep Well-Water at Marikina
Polytechnic College in Watering the Nursery for the Fruit-Bearing Plants” proved
to be very important to the following:
To the school, Marikina Polytechnic College, this study will help the school
to lessen their utility expenses for watering fruit-bearing plants. This also will give
the administrators of the school the idea of the quality of water from the deep well
and to sort for other possibilities to utilize it.
To the instructors, professors and personnel of the Marikina Polytechnic
College, this study will help them to understand the physico-chemical properties of
the water sample from the deep well and the traces of minerals present on it. This
study will help them to decide the intensity and opportunity of using the water aside
from watering the nursery of the fruit-bearing plants.

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To the future researchers, this study will serve as the baseline and
springboard to further determine the suitability of the deep well-water sample at
MPC in terms of its physical and chemical properties, as well the presence of other
minerals and ions. This may also offer them the information to investigate the
suitability of the water for potable use.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study is limited in analyzing the physico-chemical properties and the
traces of minerals in the deep well-water sample at MPC.
The physico-chemical properties and the traces of minerals were analyzed
at the Marikina Polytechnic College Chemistry Laboratory. The analysis of
physico-chemical properties was focused on determining the specific gravity,
turbidity, odor, total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH to qualify the water sample from
the deep-well. The traces of calcium, sodium and potassium in the deep well-water
sample were also analyzed to determine the suitability of the deep well water for
watering the nursery of fruit-bearing plants.
This study was conducted summer of 2018.

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CHAPTER II
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies, relevance
of the cited studies to the present studies, conceptual model of the study and
relevance of the cited studies to the present study.
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
A number of books, journals, theses and the internet were browsed in order
to gain important insights about this research. Those that are found relevant are
presented here.
Related Literatures
Water plays a crucial role in the life of plant. It is the most abundant
constituents of most organisms. Water typically accounts for more than 70 percent
by weight of non-woody plant parts. The water content of plants is in a continual
state of flux. The constant flow of water through plants is a matter of considerable
significance to their growth and survival. The uptake of water by cells generates a
pressure known as turgor. Photosynthesis requires that plants draw carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere, and at the same time exposes them to water loss. To prevent
leaf desiccation, water must be absorbed by the roots, and transported through the
plant body. Balancing the uptake, transport, and loss of water represents an
important challenge for land plants. The thermal properties of water contribute to
temperature regulation, helping to ensure that plants do not cool down or heat up
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too rapidly. Water has excellent solvent properties. Many of the biochemical
reactions occur in water and water is itself either a reactant or a product in a large
number of those reactions. (Ördög and Molnár, 2011)
The practice of crop irrigation reflects the fact that water is a key resource
limiting agricultural productivity. Water availability likewise limits the productivity of
natural ecosystems. Plants use water in huge amounts, but only small part of that
remains in the plant to supply growth. About 97% of water taken up by plants is
lost to the atmosphere, 2% is used for volume increase or cell expansion, and 1%
for metabolic processes, predominantly photosynthesis. Water loss to the
atmosphere appears to be an inevitable consequence of carrying out
photosynthesis. The uptake of CO2 is coupled to the loss of water. Because the
driving gradient for water loss from leaves is much larger than that for CO 2 uptake,
as many as 400 water molecules are lost for every CO2 molecule gained. (Ördög
and Molnár, 2011)
The quality of some water sources is not suitable for irrigating crops.
Irrigation water must be compatible with the crops and soils to which it will be
applied. The quality of water for irrigation purposes is determined by its total
dissolved salt content. An analysis of water for irrigation should include the cations
(calcium and sodium) and the anions (bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate and
chloride). One of the most important factors to look for in an irrigation water quality
analysis is the total dissolved solids (TDS). The TDS of a water sample is
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a measure of the concentration of soluble salts in a water sample and commonly
is referred to as the salinity of the water. (Scherer)
Irrigation water, whether of good quality or not, can have effects on
plant growth. For example, poor irrigation water quality with excess salts can
damage plants in a variety of ways, but the most common problems are
caused by the salts affecting the osmotic relationship between roots an d the
soil moisture (Malash et al., 2005; AbdelGawad et al., 2005).
Salinity of water is the most important parameter used in determining
the suitability of water for irrigation purposes. The salinity effects are
generally evidenced by reduced transpiration and proportionally retarded
growth, producing smaller plants with fewer and smaller leaves (Rhoades,
1992). In tomato, excess of salts will affect the uptake of nutrients from the
soil by the tomato and may also alter the soils ability to retain nutrients-the
effect is the suppression of the plant growth. (Guodie, 1991 and Rhoades,
1992)
This study has drawn information in qualifying the water from the deep well
at Marikina Polytechnic College in terms of physico-chemical properties and traces
of minerals from the aforementioned literatures. These literatures became valuable
especially in determining the parameters and the necessary test methods to be
used in qualifying the deep well water samples.

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Related Studies
The study of Tonog and Poblete (2015) assessed the drinking water quality
of the different water sources in Barangays Vigo, Yapas and Tinoblan in Laoang
Northern Samar. Water sources were: deep well, pump well and communal
faucets. Water quality is based on the physical, chemical and bacteriological
properties for each of the eight sampling stations. Three sampling periods were
made at an interval of at least 15 days from January-February, 2012. Findings
revealed that most water sources were within the permissible limits in terms of
color, odor, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and
nitrite. However, hardness and alkalinity were beyond the allowable limits. All water
samples were positive for fecal coliforms. Thus, this study concludes that all water
sources tested are not safe and not potable.
In the study of Hussain and Rao (2013), the suitability of groundwater for
irrigation is dependent on the effects of the mineral constituents of water of both
the plant and soil. Salt may harm plant growth physically by limiting the uptake of
water through modification of osmotic processes, or chemically by metabolic
reactions effected by toxic constituents. Effects of salts on soils in causing changes
in soil structure, permeability and aeration directly affect the plant growth. The
irrigation water containing a high proportion of sodium will increases the exchange
of sodium content of the soil, affecting the soil permeability, and texture making
the soil hard to plough and unsuitable for seeding emergence. If the percentage of
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Na with respect to Ca+ Na is considerably above 50% in irrigation waters, soils
containing calcium and magnesium take up sodium in exchange for calcium and
magnesium causing deflocculation and impairment of the quality and permeability
of soils. The addition of gypsum or lime may correct the situation of the soil. The
total dissolved solids, measured in terms of specific electrical conductance gives
the salinity hazard of irrigation water. The electrical conductivity is a measure of
salinity hazard to crop as it reflects the TDS in the groundwater. Mushtaq Hussain
and T. V. D. Prasad Rao Arch. Appl. Sci. 236 Scholars Research Library Based
on analytical results, irrigational quality parameters like sodium adsorption ratio
(SAR), electrical conductivity (EC) were estimated to assess the suitability of
groundwater for irrigation.
The study of Bauder & Brock (2010) was conducted with Haverson silty
clay (fine-loamy, mixed, calcareous, mesic Ustic Torrifluvent ) to determine the
effect of combinations of chemical amendments, crop species, and irrigation water
quality on Na+ and salt leaching from salt affected soils. Amendments included
CaSO4 , P-CaSO4 and MgCl2 ; also included was a nonamended control treatment.
Crops included alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) , barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.),
sorghum-sudan grass [( Sorghum vulgare 2 Sorghum drumondii ) (sordan)] ,and a
non-cropped control. All soil columns (0.15 m 2 0.5 m) were irrigated with either
high Na+ adsorption ratio (SAR adj = 16.6), high total dissolved solids (TDS = 1647
mg L-1) water, or low SAR adj (1.15), low TDS (747 mg L -1) water. Drainage
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volume, electrical conductivity (EC), SAR, Na+ of drainage water, and Na+ leaching
were monitored over three crop cycles. Irrigation with high SAR-high TDS water
increased the soil solution EC to approximately 5.5 dS m-1, but did not decrease
crop yields relative to irrigation water having SAR adj and TDS of 0.37 and 747 mg
kg-1, respectively. Magnesium displaced Na+ on the exchange complex, but the
effects were short-term compared to CaSO4 or P-CaSO4. Amendments increased
yields of barley from 14%-27% and alfalfa by 25% but had no effect on sordan.
Columns cropped to barley had 28% greater Na+ leaching than columns planted
to other crops. Noncropped columns accumulated the least net soluble salt and
Na+. Results of this study demonstrate that specific crop and amendment
combinations can significantly affect the efficiency of saline soil reclamation
strategies and impact quality of irrigation return flow.
The study of Makutopora, Dodoma-Tanzania (2015) was carried out in
Dodoma, at Makutopora Agricultural Research Institute. The main objective was
to determine the influence of irrigation water on soil salinization in semi-arid areas.
A total of 80 representative soil samples were randomly collected from study area.
Two water samples were also collected from the study area. The samples were
treated and analyzed for physical and chemical related indices. The results are
grouped into general quality parameters, which included salinity and salt inducing
cations and anions. The findings indicated that the mean pH was 7.53 while the
mean EC value was 944.5 µS/cm. The mean cations in the water were 3.97,
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2.57, and 11.39 meq/l for Ca2+, K+, and Na+, respectively. The Sodium Adsorption
Ratio (SAR) was 5.60. The mean carbonates concentration detected in the
irrigation water was 9.05 meq/l, while the mean chloride and sulfide were 17.20
and 3.6 meq/l, respectively.
The study of Abdullah A. Alsheikh (2011) evaluated the many wells that are
still in use in Aldelam area for quality of irrigation water. The following were
determined: total amount of dissolved salts (TDS) in the water, sodium adsorption
ratio (SAR), sodium concentration (Na%), electrical conductivity (μmhos/cm), and
amounts of individual chemicals, such as, chloride (Cl), sodium (Na), nitrate (NO 3),
calcium (Ca), potassium (K), boron (B), iron (Fe), and sulfate (SO4). They were
measured to identify the characteristics that are important for plant growth, to
determine acceptable levels of concentrations, and to choose irrigation techniques
to avoid crop damage. In the future, water demand for agricultural developments
in the Aldelam area will have to come from local groundwater resources.
The related studies mentioned above are the same with this study in terms
of the parameters and the test methods to be done in qualifying the deep well water
at Marikina Polytechnic College. However, this study is unique because it aimed
to use the water from the deep well at MPC in watering the nursery of the fruit-
bearing plants.
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Conceptual Model of the Study
The over-all conceptual framework which served as the guide in conducting
this research is presented in Figure 1:
Input Process Output
Collection of water Physico-chemical Analyzed water

sample from the Analyses of water sample from the
deep well of sample using deep well of
Marikina densimeter, Marikina
Polytechnic LaMotte Turbidity Polytechnic
College test Kit, College suitable in
HM Digital TDS watering the
meter, nursery for the
SPARKvue pH fruit-bearing
meter and plants
thermometer
Qualitative
Analysis of
calcium, sodium,
and potassium.
Statistical
Treatment and
Interpretation of
Collected data
Fig. 1: The Conceptual Framework of the Study

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The first box in Figure 1, The Conceptual Framework of the Study, is the
Input. The input variable of this research is the collection of water sample from the
deep water well of Marikina Polytechnic College.
The second box is the processes to be undertaken to obtain the necessary
data for this study. The analysis of Physico-chemical of water sample requires the
use of densimeter, LaMotte Turbidity test Kit, HM Digital TDS meter, SPARKvue
pH meter and thermometer. The traces of calcium, sodium, and potassium were
analyzed qualitatively. The collected data form the analyses were subjected to
statistical procedures, analysis, and interpretation.
The input variables (first box) combined with the methodological steps
(second box) would yield the result for the output as stated in the last box. The
physico-chemical and qualitative analysis of the water sample determined its
effectiveness in watering the fruit-bearing plants in the nursery.
Input Process Output

Collected water Physico-chemical Analyzed Water
sample from the analysis From the deep well
deep well of of Marikina
Qualitative
Marikina Polytechnic
Analysis
Polytechnic College
College
Fig. 2: Paradigm showing the collection of water sample from the deep well
of Marikina Polytechnic College
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Figure 2 shows the process of analyzing the water sample. Box 1 in figure
2 is the input. 2 liters of water samples from different levels of the deep well of
Marikina Polytechnic College were collected.
Box 2 shows the processes undertaken to analyze the water sample .The
physico-chemical analysis of the water sample were done using densimeter,
LaMotte Turbidity test Kit, HM Digital TDS meter, SPARKvue pH meter and
thermometer. The Qualitative analysis were done through the determination of
cation.
The output was the analyzed water suitable in watering the nursery for the
fruit-bearing plants.
Research Hypothesis
Based on the statement of the problem, the following hypothesis for this
research was formulated:
1. There is no significant difference on the physico-chemical properties and
traces of minerals of the water samples taken from the deep well at MPC in
terms of specific gravity, turbidity, odour, total dissolved solids, and pH.;
there are no traces of calcium, sodium and potassium in the water samples
collected from the deep well at MPC; and the water from the
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deep well at MPC is not suitable in watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing
plants in terms of mineral content.
Definition of Terms
For the purpose of clarity and better understanding of the study, the
following terms are operationally defined:
Analysis – pertains to the utilization of laboratory methods and techniques
to determine the physico-chemical properties and traces of some minerals present
in the water samples collected from the deep well at Marikina Polytechnic College.
Deep Well – pertains to the water source at Marikina Polytechnic College
which will be used in watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing plants.
Deep Well-Water – pertains to the water sample collected from the deep
well in Marikina Polytechnic College. The physico-chemical properties and traces
of minerals of this water sample were analyzed.
Fruit-Bearing Plants – pertain to the plants that will be nourished by the
water from the deep well at Marikina Polytechnic College.

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Marikina Polytechnic College – pertains to the school where the deep
water-well is located.
Nursery – pertains to the allotted area in Marikina Polytechnic College
where the fruit-bearing plants are being taking care of.
Watering – pertains to the use of the water from the deep well at Marikina
Polytechnic College in nourishing the fruit-bearing plants in the school’s nursery.

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH DESIGN
This chapter discusses the Method of Research Used, the Source of
Data, the Data Gathering Instrument, the Data Gathering Procedures, and the
Statistical Treatment of Data.
Method of Research Used
The research aimed to use the well-water sample in MPC as watering
the nursery for the fruit-bearing plants.
The researchers used experimental method for this study.
Experimental method is a systematic and scientific approach to research in which
the researcher manipulates one or more variables, and controls and measures any
change in other variables. The purpose of using control and manipulation on the
variables of the experiment is to see if the variables that are being manipulated
influence the data of the results. This way, any researcher can formulate a
hypothesis and analyze outcomes to make new inferences from the research. This
technique ensures the subjects of an experiment are always randomly assigned,
or that the methodology is always random to ensure that there will be no bias or
error in the experiment that would otherwise compromise the results of the
research. (Srinagesh, 2006)

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Source of Data
The data of this research were obtained from the analysis of deep well-
water samples. Each water sample were collected from the three levels of the deep
well in MPC. The pH of the deep-well water sample measured using the
SPARKvue pH meter. The Turbidity was measured using LaMotte Turbidity test kit
(drop count method). The odor examined using the sense of smell. The specific
gravity was measured using pycnometer and hydrometer. The total dissolved
solids was measured using the TDS meter. The presence of calcium, sodium and
potassium in the deep well-water samples were determined using the cation
analysis techniques. The tests were conducted in the Laboratory of Marikina
Polytechnic College.
Data Gathering Instruments
The data in this study were gathered through Laboratory experiment.
The deep-well water samples and the variety of laboratory tools, equipment and
chemicals were used during the experimentation to determine the physico-
chemical properties and presence of calcium, sodium and potassium in the water.
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Table 1. Raw materials, the tools, equipment and chemicals used during
experimentation
Raw Materials Tools and Equipment Chemicals
 Deep- well water  Sparkvue pH  6 M HCl
samples meter  Distilled water
 LaMotte turbidity  1 M NaOH
test kit (drop  UniVer 3 reagent
counted method)  Titrant solution
 Beakers
 Densimeter
 Round flask
 Laboratory
thermometer
 Test tubes
 Centrifuge
machine
 Droppers
 Test tube rack
 Graduated
cylinder
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Data Gathering Procedure
The following are the experimental procedures that the researchers
have undertaken to determine the physico-chemical properties and presence of
calcium, sodium and potassium in a deep-well water.
Collection of water samples
The water samples were collected from the constructed deep-well at
Marikina Polytechnic College.
 Determination of specific gravity using pycnometer
Density determination by Pycnometer is a very precise method. It uses a
working liquid with well-known density, such as water. The Pycnometer is a
glass flask with a close-fitting ground glass stopper with a capillary hole
through it. This fine hole releases a spare liquid after closing a top-filled
Pycnometer and allows for obtaining a given volume of measured and/or
working liquid with a high accuracy.
The measurement of specific gravity of water was done by the following
recommended manufacturer’s procedure:
1. Set-up and level the balance on a solid surface.
2. Ensure the Pycnometer is dry enough, complete with its stopper and
record its weight.

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3. Fill the Pycnometer with the distilled water and stopper fully, ensuring no
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bubbles is visible or present.
4. Wipe it from the outside properly and record the weight.
5. Determine the density using this formula:
(𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒚𝒄𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅)−(𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒚 𝑷𝒚𝒄𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓)

pLiquid = 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 (𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚)𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒚𝒄𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓
6. Repeat the procedure for the liquid with unknown density.
 Determination of specific gravity using Hydrometer
A hydrometer is an instrument whose function is based on Archimedes
principle. This principle states that a body (the hydrometer) immersed in a
fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. The
hydrometer measures the weight of the liquid displaced by the volume of
the hydrometer.
The measurement of specific gravity of water was done by the following
1. Pour a sample of your liquid into a container. Make sure that the liquid in
the container is deep enough to allow the hydrometer to float. If the
hydrometer rests on the bottom of the container, you will not get an accurate
reading. Leave room in the container for the hydrometer to displace some
of the liquid, otherwise, you’ll end up with a spill. The shape, and material
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of the container is irrelevant as long as there is enough liquid present for

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the hydrometer to float properly.
2. Check that your liquid is the correct temperature. Your hydrometer will be
calibrated to a specific temperature. If your liquid is at a different
temperature, the density of the liquid will not match the calibration of the
hydrometer this will cause your reading to be incorrect. A common
hydrometer calibration is 60 degrees Fahrenheit (or 15.6 degrees Celsius).
You can use a thermometer to check the temperature of your liquid, and
then heat or cool as needed.
3. Place the hydrometer in the liquid the hydrometer is a specialized glass
tube that has a weighted end. Place it in the water with the weighted end
down. Allow the hydrometer to settle and stop the bobbing before taking a
reading.
4. Read the specific gravity from the hydrometer. The hydrometer is marked
with different specific gravity measurements at different intervals. Once it
stops floating, the water line will be at one of these marks. The number
corresponding to this mark is the specific gravity of your liquid. Observe the
plane of the liquid surface. Your eye must be horizontal to this plane. The
point at which this line cuts the hydrometer scale is your reading. The
reading on the hydrometer is usually a decimal, but it us derived as a ratio
of the density of water at a given temperature. In other words, if your

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hydrometer reads, that means your liquid was 1.1 that means your liquid
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was 1.1 times as dense as water at the temperature. Note find specific
gravity is a unitless measurement.
 Determination of Turbidity
The measurement of the turbidity of the water samples was done using
LaMotte Turbidity Test Kit. This test performed by comparing the turbidity
of a measured amount of the sample with an identical amount of turbidity-
free water containing a measured amount of standardized turbidity reagent.
The readings are made by looking down through the column of liquid. Small
amounts of turbidity will cause a “blurring” of the black dot in the bottom of
the tube. Large amounts of turbidity may provide sufficient “cloudiness” so
that it is not possible to see the black dot when looking down through the
column. Any color that may be present in the sample should be disregarded.
This determination is concerned only with the haziness or cloudy nature of
the sample.
The LaMotte Turbidity Test Kit is based on the original method to
measure the turbidity, the Jackson candle method, which was devised
around the turn of the century. The Jackson Candle Method consists of flat-
bottomed glass tube that sits over a candle. A water sample is poured into
the tube until the visual image of the candle flame diffuses into a uniform
glow. The depth of the sample corresponds to a certain number of Javkson
turbidity unit, or JTU.

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The measurement of the Turbidity was done by the following
1. Fill one Turbidity Column to the 50-ml line with the sample water. If the
black dot on the bottom tube is not visible when looking down through the
column of liquid, pour out a sufficient amount of the test sample so that the
tube is filled to the 25-ml line.
2. Fill the second Turbidity column with an amount of turbidity-free water
that is equal to the amount of sample being measured. Distilled water is
preferred; however, clear tap water may be used. This is the “clear water”
tube.
3. Place the two tubes side by side and note the difference in clarity. If the
black dot is equally clear in both tubes, the turbidity is zero. If the black dot
in the sample tube is less clear, proceed to Step 4.
4. Shake the Standard Turbidity Reagent vigorously. Add 0.5 mL to the
“clear water” tube. Use the stirring rod to stir contents of both tubes to
equally distribute turbid particles. Check for amount of turbidity by looking
down through the solution at the black dot. If the turbidity of the sample
water is greater than that of the “clear water”, continue to add Standard
Turbidity Reagent in 0.5 mL increments to the “clear water” tube, mixing
after each addition until the turbidity equals that of the sample. Record the
total amount of Standard Turbidity Reagent added.

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5. Each 5.0 mL addition to the 50-mL size sample is used, each 0.5 mL
addition of the Standard Turbidity Reagent is equal to 10 Jackson Turbidity
Units (JTUs). See Table 2.
Table 2. Conversion Table for LaMotte Turbidity Test Kit
6. Rinse both tubes carefully after each determination.
 Determination of odor
The odor of water is a subjective property which is recognized as having a
significant effect on its quality. This test is intended to provide a reproducible
test method for determining the intensity of odor in waters for comparative
or control purposes. The test may be useful in checking the quality of raw
or treated waters, determining the effectiveness of treatment procedures, or
in tracing sources of contamination or leaks in industrial processes. The

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results of the test are very dependent upon the observers, since the
sensitivity of individuals to odor is highly variable and changes from day to
day. Careful standardization of the conditions is essential.
The determination of odor was done by the following recommended
manufacturer’s procedure:
1. Fill the cork a bottle with some of the suspected water, and place it for a
few hours in a warm place.
2. Shake it, remove the cork, and if the odor is in the least repulsive, the
water should be rejected.
3. By heating the water to boiling, an odor is evolved that otherwise does
not appear.
 Determination of total dissolved solid
The total dissolved solids of the treated water sample was measured using
HM Digital TDS meter. This method is based on ASTM D5907-13 Standard
Test Methods for Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and Non-
filterable Matter (Total Suspended Solids) in water. The measurement of
the TDS was done by the following recommended manufacturer’s
procedure:
1. Remove the protective cap.
2. Press the ON/OFF switch to turn the meter on.
3. Immerse the meter into the water sample up to the maximum immersion
level of 2 inches.
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4. Lightly stir the meter to dislodge any air bubbles.
5. Wait until the display stabilizes. Once the reading stabilized
(approximately 10 seconds), press the HOLD button to view the reading out
of the water.
6. If the meter displays a flashing ‘x10’ symbol, multiply the reading by 10.
7. After usage, shake off any excuses water from the meter. Replace the
cap.
 Determination of pH
The concentration of hydrogen (pH) of the deep-well water sample was
determined using Sparkvue pH meter. The pH electrode produces a voltage
proportional to the pH of the solution that is immersed in. This voltage is
measured by the multi-sensor, which computes the pH. The pH
measurement was done by the following recommended manufacturer’s
procedure:
1. Unscrew and remove the storage bottle from the electrode (be careful not
to spill the storage solution).
2. Push the O-ring and bottle cap up the electrode handle.
3. Rinse the electrode tip with distilled water. If you see bubbles in the
electrode bulb, gently shake the electrode downward (similar to shaking
down a thermometer).
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4. Start data collection. Place the tip of the electrode in the solution to be
measured and wait for the reading on to be displayed on the screen or
interface to stabilize.
5. Rinse the electrode with distilled water before measuring another
solution.
6. The reading at 30 Seconds is recorded.
Qualitative analysis procedure, the chemical properties of an unknown
substance are determined by systematically reacting the unknown with a
number of different reagents. By predetermining what the particular reaction
will produce if a specific ion is present, the ions that actually are in the
solution can be identified.
 Determination of Calcium Ion
1. Fill the test tube to the TOP with sample.
2. Pour sample into the mixing bottle.
3. Add 1 level spoonful of UniVer 3 Reagent.
4. Add the Titrant Solution to the mixing bottle dropwise while swirling the
mixing bottle. When the sample color changes from pink to blue, it
indicates there is a presence of Calcium ion.
 Determination of Sodium and Potassium Ion
1. Set a few water sample from the deep well and separately place each
sample in a spot plate.
2. Pour about 10 ml of 6 M hydrogen chloride into a clean 50 ml beaker.

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3. Dip the wire loop or metal rod into 6 M HCl solution and then heat it in a
hot flame of a gas burner. Continue this procedure until no colour from the
wire when it is put into the flame.
4. Dip the clean wire loop into each water sample, heat the water sample in
the burner flame and record the colour of the flame in the tabulated data and
results.
Statistical Treatment
The statistical tools used to treat the data of this research are the
following:
Percentage difference. The percent increase and percent decreases
are measures of percent change, which is the extent to which a variable gains or
loses intensity, magnitude, extent or value. The figures are arrived at by comparing
the initial (or before) and the final (or after) quantities according to a specific
formula.
One- tailed test. It indicates that the H0 should be rejected when the
test value is in the critical region on one side of the mean. A one tailed test is either
right or left, depending on the direction of the inequality of the H a.

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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter covers the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the
gathered data.
A. Preparation of Deep Well Water Sample.
1. Building a deep well water at MPC.
Figure 3. The Deep Well Water

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2. Collecting water sample from the deep well at MPC.
Figure 4. Collecting of the deep well water sample at MPC
3. The collected water sample from deep well at MPC.
Figure 5. The collected water sample taken from the deep well
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B. Analysis of Physico - Chemical Properties of the Water Sample taken
from the Deep Well at MPC
Water sample taken from the deep well at MPC were tested for the
physico- chemical properties of the five treatments: specific gravity, turbidity,
odor, total dissolved solids and pH. The treatments were done using different
proportions of water sample. The water quality were compared with the
international standard permissible levels.
1. Determination of Specific gravity of the Water Sample taken from the
Deep Well at MPC using Pycnometer and Hydrometer
Figure 6. Measuring the pycnometer and the pycnometer with distilled
water (from left to right)

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Figure 7. Measuring the pycnometer and the pycnometer with water sample
taken from the deep well
Figure 8. Measuring the specific gravity of the water sample using
hydrometer
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Figure 6 and 7 shows the specific gravity of water sample using pycnometer
is 998.78x10-3 g/ml. Figure 8 shows the specific gravity of the water sample using
hydrometer is 1 g/ml. The standard specific gravity of water is 1 g/ml. The
computed specific gravity of the water sample taken from the deep well are still
below the standard specific gravity of water.
2. Determination of Turbidity of the Water Sample taken from the Deep Well
at MPC using LaMotte Turbidity Test Kit
a. Determination of the Turbidity of the water sample taken from deep well at
MPC (Treatment 1)
Figure 9. The water sample, the distilled water and the LaMotte Turbidity
test kit
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a.1. The first column, on the left was filled with 25 ml of water sample since the
black dot below the column was not visible upon inspection. The second column
was filled with 25 ml of distilled water.
Figure 10. The column (left) containing the 25 ml of water sample and the
column (right) containing the 25 ml distilled water
a.2. 0.5 ml of the Standard Turbidity Reagent was incrementally added to the
second column containing the distilled water, with stirring after each addition,
until its turbidity equals that of the sample.

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Figure 11. Addition of 0.5 ml of the Standard Turbidity Reagent to the
distilled water
a.3. The total amount of the Standard Turbidity Reagent added to the distilled
water was recorded and used to calculate the turbidity of the water sample in
JTU.
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Figure 12. The column (left) containing the 2 ml water sample and the
column (right) containing the 25 ml distilled water after the addition of 16 x
0.5 ml Standard Turbidity reagent
b. Determination of the Turbidity of the water sample taken from deep well at
MPC (Treatment 2)
b.1. 0.5 ml of the Standard Turbidity Reagent was incrementally added to the
second column containing the distilled water, with stirring after each addition,

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distilled water
b.2. The total amount of Standard Turbidity Reagent added to the distilled water
was recorded and used to calculate the turbidity of the water sample of
Treatment 2 in JTU
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Figure 14. The column (left containing the 25 ml water sample of treatment
2 and the column (right) containing 25 ml distilled water after the addition
of 17 x 0.5 ml Standard Turbidity reagent
c. Determination of the Turbidity of the water sample taken from deep well at
MPC (Treatment 3)
c.1. 0.5 ml of the Standard Turbidity Reagent was incrementally added to the
second column containing the distilled water, with Stirring after each addition,

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distilled water
c.2. The total amount of Standard Turbidity Reagent added to the distilled water
was recorded and used to calculate the turbidity of the water sample of
Treatment 3 in JTU.
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Figure 16. The column (left) containing the 25 ml water sample of treatment
3 and the column (right) containing the 25 ml distilled water after the
addition of 16 x 0.5 ml Standard Turbidity reagent
Table 3. Turbidity of the Water Sample taken from the Deep Well at MPC
Replicate Sample size, Equivalent JTU Number of Turbidity,
ml per 0.5 ml STR Drop (s) JTU
(Constant)
1 25 10 16 160
2 25 10 17 170
3 25 10 16 160
Average 25 10 16.33 163.33

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The table 3 shows the results of the Turbidity measurement of the water
sample. The test was done three times for the sample. For the first run, the
Turbidity is 160 JTU. For the second run, the Turbidity is 170 JTU. For the third
run, the Turbidity is 160 JTU. The average Turbidity for the three runs is 163.33
JTU.
172
170
168
TURBIDITY, JTU
166
164
162
160
158
156
154
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
SAMPLE
Turbidity
Figure 17. Variation of the Turbidity of the Water Sample
Figure 17 shows the variation of the average of the Turbidity of the water
sample. Turbidity is an optical determination of water clarity. Turbid water will
appear cloudy, murky, or otherwise coloured, affecting the physical look of the
water. Suspended solids and dissolved coloured material reduce water clarity by
creating an opaque, hazy or muddy appearance. Turbidity measurements are
often used as an indicator of water quality based on clarity and estimated total
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suspended solids in water. Representative of the contaminants are oils and
greases, heavy metals such as lead, cadmium or zinc, suspended soils such as
dirt, hydrocarbon solvents, organic materials and others. It was observed that after
the treatment there was an increase of 6.0% in Trial 2, while in Trial 3 there was
nothing change. The EPA Secondary Regulations advise a maximum turbidity of
10 JTU in water for domestic use. None of the water sample from the three
treatments passed the advisable limit for the turbidity of the water for domestic use.
This means that the water sample taken from the deep well at MPC still require
further treatments to reduce the turbidity in order to meet the EPA standard.
3. Determination of Odor of the Water Sample taken from the Deep Well at
MPC
Figure 18. Smelling the odor of the water sample taken from the deep well
Figure 18 shows that the odor of the water sample taken from the deep
well water at MPC is odorless.

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4. Determination of Total Dissolved Solids of the Water Sample taken from
the Deep Well at MPC using HM Digital TDS meter
T1 T2 T3
Figure 19. The TDS readings of the (from left to right) water samples, the
Trial 1 deep well water sample, the Trial 2 deep well water sample and the
Trial 3 deep well water sample using HM Digital TDS meter.

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Table 4. Average Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of the Water Sample taken
from the Deep Well at MPC
Trial 1, Trial 2, Trial 3, Average
378 ppm 378 ppm 377 ppm 377.67
Table 4 shows the results of the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) measurement
of the water sample taken from the deep well at MPC using HM Digital TDS meter.
The measurement was done three times using the water sample. The average
TDS of the water sample is 377.67 ppm.

AVERAGE TOTAL DISSOLVED
378
377.8
SOLID (TDS), PPM
377.6
377.4
377.2
377
376.8
376.6
376.4
SAMPLE
TDS
Figure 20. Variation of the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

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Figure 20 shows the variation of the average Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
of the water sample. Trial 2 there is no changes the TDS, while Trial 3 decreased
the TDS by 0.3%. The EPA Secondary Regulations advise a maximum
contamination level (MCL) of 500 mg/liter or 500 parts per million (ppm) for TDS in
water for non-potable use. The TDS of the water sample are still below the EPA
limit.
5. Determination of pH of the Water Sample taken from the Deep Well at
MPC using Sparkvue meter
Figure 21. pH measurement of the water sample taken from deep well at
MPC
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Figure 22. pH measurement of the water sample of Trial 1

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Table 5. Average pH of the water sample taken from the Deep Well at MPC
Trial 1, Trial 2, Trial 3, Average
pH pH pH
8.55 8.51 8.41 8.49
Table 5 shows the results of the pH measurement of the water sample using
Sparkvue pH meter. The measurement was done three times. The average pH of
the water sample is 8.49.

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8.6
8.55
8.5
PH
8.45
8.55 pH
8.4 8.51
8.35 8.41
8.3
SAMPLE
Figure 25. Variation of the pH of water sample
Figure 25 shows the variation of the pH of water sample. Trial 2
decreased the basicity of the water sample by 0.5% and Trial 3 decreased the
basicity of the water sample by 2%. According to Food and Agricultural
Organization, the normal pH range for irrigation water is from 6.5 to 9.0. Irrigation
water with a pH outside the normal range may cause a nutritional imbalance or
may contain toxicity ion.

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C. Analysis of Minerals such as Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium of the

Water Sample taken from the Deep Well at MPC
1. Determination of Calcium ion
a.1. Fill the test tube to the TOP with water sample
Figure 26. Putting the water sample in a test tube
a.2. Pour the water sample into the mixing bottle

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Figure 27. Putting the water sample in a mixing bottle

a.3. Adding 1 level spoonful of UniVer 3 Hardness Reagent
Figure 28. Adding 1 spoonful of UniVer 3 Reagent to the water sample

a.4. Add the Titrant Solution to the mixing bottle dropwise while swirling the
mixing bottle.
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Figure 29. Adding Titrant solution dropwise to the mixing bottle while
swirling
a.5. When the sample colour cchanges from pink o blue it indicates the presence
of calcium ion.
Figure 30. The solution turns to blue and indicates the presence of calcium
ion
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2. Determining the sodium ion and potassium ion.
a.1 Dry the water sample until it turns into powder
Figure 31. Drying the water sample in evaporating dish

a.2. Scrape the precipitate in evaporating dish
Figure 32. Scraping the precipitate in evaporating dish

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a.3. Testing the precipitate for the presence of sodium through flame test 55
Figure 33. A Bright yellow flame produced from the precipitate
a.4. Through flame test, the presence of potassium ion produce a pale violet color.
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Figure 34. The flame color is yellow orange. This means there was no
presence of potassium ion.
D. Papaya Plant Using Deep Well Water from MPC.

1. Planting papaya seeds.
Figure 35. Papaya Seeds

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2. Papaya Plant.
Figure 36. Papaya plant day 8
E. Physico-chemical Properties of the Water Sample taken from the Deep
Well
The physico-chemical properties of the water sample taken from the deep
well of Marikina Polytechnic College in terms of specific gravity, turbidity, Odor,
Total dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH were determined using t- test method.
Table 6. Turbidity of the water sample taken from the deep well of Marikina
Polytechnic College
n Pop. Sample Computed Critical t value Decision Interpretation
Mean Mean t value (α=5%)
3 50 163.33 33.98 -2.920 Fail to Not
Reject Significant
the H0
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Table 6 has the degrees of freedom of 2 with the t critical value of -2.920. The t
critical value is less than the computed t-value of 33.98. The researcher found out
that the turbidity of the water sample form the deep well of Marikina Polytechnic
College Is not suitable in watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing plants and the
decision is not to reject the null hypothesis.
Table 7. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of the water sample taken from the
deep well of Marikina Polytechnic College
n Pop. Sample Computed Critical t value Decision Interpretation
3 500 377.67 -366.52 -2.920 Reject Significant
the H0
Table 7 has the degrees of freedom of 2 with the t critical value of -2.920.
The t critical value is greater than the computed t-value of -366.52. The researcher
found out that the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of the water sample form the deep
well of Marikina Polytechnic College Is suitable in watering the nursery for the fruit-
bearing plants and the decision is to reject the null hypothesis.

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Table 8. pH of the water sample taken from the deep well of Marikina
Polytechnic College
N Pop. Sample Computed Critical t value Decision Interpretation
3 9 8.49 -11.99 -2.920 Reject Significant
the H0
Table 8 has degrees of freedom of 2 with the t critical value of -2.920. The
t critical value is greater than the computed t-value of -11.99. The researcher found
out that the pH of the water sample form the deep well of Marikina Polytechnic
College is suitable in watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing plants and the
decision is to reject the null hypothesis.

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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and
recommendations of the study.
Summary of Findings
The researchers aimed to analyze the water from the constructed Deep
Well in Marikina Polytechnic College and determine its suitability in watering fruit-
bearing plants.
More specifically, it tried to answer the following questions:
1. What are the physico-chemical properties of the water samples taken
from of the deep well at MPC in terms of the following criteria:
a. Specific gravity,
b. Turbidity,
c. Odor,
d. Total dissolved solids, and
e. pH?
2. Are there traces of calcium, sodium, and potassium in the water samples
collected from the deep well at MPC?
3. Is the water from the deep well at MPC suitable in watering the nursery
for the fruit-bearing plants?

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This study made use of experimental research method specifically
comparative tests to prove the possibility of the water in the deep well at MPC as
a water source for fruit-bearing plants in the nursery.
The findings of the study revealed the following:
1. The physico-chemical properties of the water samples taken from of the
deep well at MPC in terms of the following criteria:
a) Specific gravity
i. Using pycnometer, the specific gravity is 998.78x10-3
ii. Using hydrometer, the specific gravity is 1.0
b) Turbidity of the sample water is 163.33 JTU
c) Odor of the sample water is odorless using Sniff test
d) Total Dissolved Solid using HM Digital TDS meter is 377.67 ppm
e) pH of the sample water is 8.5 using SparkVue meter.
2. There are traces of Calcium and Sodium minerals in the water collected in
the deep well at MPC by using Titrant Solution and Flame test respectively.
However, there are no traces of Potassium mineral found in the water
sample collected in the deep well at MPC.
3. The researcher found out that the pH and the total dissolved solids of the
water sample from the deep well of Marikina Polytechnic College is suitable
in watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing plants and the decision is to
reject the null hypothesis. However, the turbidity of the water sample fail to
reject the null hypothesis.

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The collected water sample from the deep well at Marikina
Polytechnic College was proven suitable in watering the nursery for the fruit-
bearing plants. This was because the Papaya seeds were propagated after
days of watering it using the collected water sample from the deep well at
Marikina Polytechnic College.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that the physico-
chemical properties of the water sample collected in the deep well at MPC in
terms of the following criteria:
a) Specific gravity
iii. Using pycnometer, the specific gravity is 998.78x10-3
iv. Using hydrometer, the specific gravity is 1.0
b) Turbidity of the sample water is 163.33 JTU
c) Odor of the sample water is odorless using Sniff test
d) Total Dissolved Solid using HM Digital TDS meter is 377.67 ppm
e) pH of the sample water is 8.5 using SparkVue meter.
There are traces of Calcium and Sodium minerals in the water collected in
the deep well at MPC by using Titrant Solution and Flame test respectively.
However, there are no traces of Potassium mineral found in the water sample
taken from the deep well at MPC.

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The pH and the total dissolved solids of the water sample from the deep well of
Marikina Polytechnic College is suitable in watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing
plants and the decision is to reject the null hypothesis. However, the turbidity of
the water sample fail to reject the null hypothesis.
The collected water sample from the deep well at Marikina Polytechnic
College was proven suitable in watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing plants.
This was because the Papaya seeds were propagated after days of watering it
using the collected water sample from the deep well at Marikina Polytechnic
College.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings and conclusions derived from the study, the following
recommendations are offered:
1. Further treatment is advised to the turbidity of the deep well water at MPC.
2. Look for possible treatment for determining the Potassium, and other
Anions such as, bicarbonate, carbonate and nitrites.
3. Further research on microbiological aspect of the water sample taken from
the deep well at MPC.
4. The researchers highly recommend to test for the analysis of heavy metals,
such as Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Unpublished Theses/ Studies
Bacadon, Larry DA. (2017). Saging na Saba Peels, and Malunggay Seeds and
Leaves as Biocoagulant for Laundry Wastewater. Marikina Polytechnic
College, Marikina City, Philiippines.
Rhoades, J.D., A. Kandiah and A.M. Mashali, (1992). The use of saline
waters for crop production. Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations (FAO), Irrigation and Drainage Paper 48. FAO,
Rome, Italy.
Yurtseven, E., G.D. Kesmez and A. Unlukara, (2005). The effects of water
salinity and potassium levels on yield, fruit quality a nd water
consumption of a native central Anatolian tomato
species(Lycopersicon esculantum). Agric. Water. Manage., 78:
128-135.
Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh (2013). Assessment of the ground water quality
and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. India.
Makutopora, Dodoma-Tanzania (2015). Influence of irrigation water quality on
soil salinization in semi-arid areas.
B. Journal/ Periodicals
Mushtaq Hussain and T. V. D. Prasad Rao Arch. Appl. Sci. 236 Scholars
Research Library
J. W. Bauder &T. A. Brock (2010). Irrigation Water Quality, Soil Amendment, and
Crop Effects on Sodium Leaching
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C. Other Sources
Scherer, Thomas F. (2017). Soil, Water and Plant Characteristics Important to

Irrigation. Extension Agricultural Engineer.
https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/crops/soil-water-and-plant-
characteristics-important-to-irrigation#section-8
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APPENDIX
Letter of Request to Collect the Water from the Deep Well at MPC
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CURRICULUM VITAE
RINA ANGELA S. CRUZ

19 C. Reyes St. San Rafael II Rodriguez, Rizal
Contact No. : 09491148713/ 09174577616
Email Address: rhina1492@yahoo.com
rhina1492@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS:
 Master of Arts in Teaching

Major in Chemistry
Marikina Polytechnic College

Marikina City
2017- Present
 Bachelor of Technical Teacher Education

in Chemistry for Technology
Marikina City
2009- 2013
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PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATIONS
Professional Teacher
Board Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers,
Professional Regulation Commission
March 2016
PERSONAL DATA:
Birth Date : December 14, 1992

Place of Birth : Rodriguez, Rizal
Civil Status : Single
Age : 25 yrs. Old
Religion : Roman Catholic
Gender : Female
Height : 5’2’’
Weight : 40 kg
Citizenship : Filipino
Language Spoken : Filipino and English
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EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:
Nuestra Señora De Guia Academy of Marikina June 2016- April 15, 2018
Nangka, Marikina City
Science Teacher, SHS
St. Scholastica's Academy November 2015- March 2016

Marikina Heights, Marikina City
Teacher Assistant/Substitute Teacher
Global Project Incorporated April 2013-November 2014

San Rafael Rodriguez, Rizal
Sales Clerk
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JESSER JOHN B. ALVAREZ

5 Lot 1 C4 G. Fernando St., Malanday, Marikina City
Contact No. : 09086676604
Email Address: jhess003@yahoo.com
jhessalvarez33@gmail.com

Major in Chemistry

Marikina City
2017- Present

Marikina City
2009- 2014
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March 2015
PERSONAL DATA:
Birth Date : July 3, 1989

Place of Birth : Marikina City
Age : 28 yrs. Old
Religion : Roman Catholic
Gender : Male
Height : 5’4”
Weight : 80 kg
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:
Infant Jesus Academy Antipolo June 2014- present

Antipolo City, Rizal
Science Teacher
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MANNY M. GOMEZ
122 Purok Silangan Brgy. Dela Paz, Antipolo City
Contact No. : 09437098717/09452385209
Email Address: mannygomez593@yahoo.com.ph
mannygomez830@gmail.com

Major in Chemistry

Marikina City
2017- Present

Marikina City
2009- 2013
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April 2014
PERSONAL DATA:
Birth Date : September 24, 1993

Place of Birth : Antipolo, City
Age : 24 yrs. Old
Religion : Reformed Baptist
Gender : Male
Height : 5’7’
Weight : 57 kg
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EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:
Bagong Nayon II National High School August 1,2016- Present

Lower San Idiro, Antipolo City
University of Rizal System-Antipolo Campus June 2014- March 2015

San Roque, Antipolo City
Shepherd Angels Christian School June 2013- March 2015

Nha Ave. Dela Paz, Antipolo City

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MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

2 Mayor Chanyungco St. Sta. Elena, Marikina City 1800

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the

problems, significance of the study, and the scope and delimitation.

Background of the Study

Deep wells have become integral in all societies. It is a structure in the

ground created through digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater

in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by a pump, or using containers,

The deep well at Marikina Polytechnic College was conceived on November

Water helps a plant by transporting important nutrients through the plant.

and cannot support its own weight.

Mineral element composition of water is an important factor which has great

development are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

magnesium. The essential nutrients promote chlorophyll production and the

process of photosynthesis and protect growing plants from environmental

processes in plants including responses to infections, flower induction, fruit yield

integrity, activate enzymes that catalyze processes such as respiration,

It is essential to determine the physico-chemical properties and traces of

watering the nursery for the fruit-bearing plants.

fruit-bearing plants in the nursery at MPC.

Statement of the Problem

More specifically, it tried to answer the following questions:

1. What are the physico-chemical properties of the water samples taken

from of the deep well at MPC in terms of the following criteria:

d. Total dissolved solids, and

collected from the deep well at MPC?

for the fruit-bearing plants?

Significance of the Study

This research study entitled “Analysis of the Deep Well-Water at Marikina

to be very important to the following:

and to sort for other possibilities to utilize it.

To the instructors, professors and personnel of the Marikina Polytechnic

from watering the nursery of the fruit-bearing plants.

springboard to further determine the suitability of the deep well-water sample at

suitability of the water for potable use.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study is limited in analyzing the physico-chemical properties and the

traces of minerals in the deep well-water sample at MPC.

The physico-chemical properties and the traces of minerals were analyzed

at the Marikina Polytechnic College Chemistry Laboratory. The analysis of

physico-chemical properties was focused on determining the specific gravity,

watering the nursery of fruit-bearing plants.

This study was conducted summer of 2018.

relevance of the cited studies to the present study.

Review of Related Literatures and Studies

by weight of non-woody plant parts. The water content of plants is in a continual

number of those reactions. (Ördög and Molnár, 2011)

limiting agricultural productivity. Water availability likewise limits the productivity of

for metabolic processes, predominantly photosynthesis. Water loss to the

atmosphere appears to be an inevitable consequence of carrying out

and Molnár, 2011)

a measure of the concentration of soluble salts in a water sample and commonly

is referred to as the salinity of the water. (Scherer)

Irrigation water, whether of good quality or not, can have effects on

soil moisture (Malash et al., 2005; AbdelGawad et al., 2005).

Salinity of water is the most important parameter used in determining

generally evidenced by reduced transpiration and proportionally retarded

at Marikina Polytechnic College in terms of physico-chemical properties and traces

of minerals from the aforementioned literatures. These literatures became valuable

especially in determining the parameters and the necessary test methods to be

used in qualifying the deep well water samples.

faucets. Water quality is based on the physical, chemical and bacteriological

made at an interval of at least 15 days from January-February, 2012. Findings