Research Paper Finale

CARMONA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Carmona, Cavite
Special Science Program
LYCOPENE EVALUATION OF TOMATOES (Solanum Lycopersicum)
BASED ON WATER ANALYSIS
A Research Proposal
Presented to
Carmona National High School
in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
Datiles, Jacob Elijah C.
Leonardo, Gilyan Oona R.
Reunada, AJ Kean B.
NOVEMBER 2022
Carmona, Cavite
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled “LYCOPENE EVALUATION OF TOMATOES

(Solanum Lycopersicum) BASED ON WATER ANALYSIS ”, prepared
and submitted by Jacob Elijah C. Datiles, Gilyan Oona R.
Leonardo, and AJ Kean B. Reunada, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements in Special Science Program has been
examined and is recommended for ORAL DEFENSE.
KEVIN C. TAGUIBAN
Adviser
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on oral defense on 23 February
2023 with the grade of 8.
Chairman
Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the

requirements in Special Science Program.
BRENDA ESTEBAN
Science Head Department
JOSE E. SAMSON JR.

Principal IV
Carmona, Cavite
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Hypotheses
Methodologies
Research Design
Population and Sampling
Research Locale
Materials
Data Gathering Procedure
Gantt Chart
Budget Proposal
Bibliography
Appendices
Appendix A Intel ISEF Forms
Curriculum Vitae
Carmona, Cavite
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. List of materials and quantities for tomato
cultivation
Table 2. Gantt chart for Research Manuscript
Table 3. Gantt chart for Sample Collection. Proper Care
of Tomatoes, Harvesting, and Data Collection.
Table 4. The Total Cost and Suppliers of the research

Carmona, Cavite
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Flowchart of research methodology

Carmona, Cavite
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
The Philippines confronts serious problems
concerning water quality, accessibility, water shortage,
and temporal distribution. According to World Health
Organization (WHO), over 3 million Filipinos still rely
on unsafe and unsustainable water sources and 7 million
lack improved sanitation. The importance of water in
agriculture cannot also be overstated. It is essential
that crops and livestock have access to sufficient amounts
of clean, usable water. Water is not only useful for
agriculture, but also for maintaining the environment in
sensitive or protected areas, such as wetlands. Access to
clean water for drinking and performing basic hygiene at
home, in schools, and in healthcare facilities is limited
by a shortage of water. Water scarcity can cause sewage
systems to malfunction and an increase in the risk of
getting diseases like cholera. Water that is hard to
obtain also costs more. There are several factors that
affect the availability of freshwater, including overuse,
increasing demand, pollution, poor management, inadequate
infrastructure, and changing weather patterns due to
global warming.
Carmona, Cavite
There are various sources of water that are used to
water plants to address this issue. Water analysis of
different sources like grey water can be tested if this
will affect the nutrients we get from the plants.
Greywater is household wastewater generated from the reuse
of shower, laundry, and hand sink water. After treatment,
this water can be used to irrigate a garden. Greywater can
be treated and recycled to nourish the soil, which in turn
produces lush, healthy plants because it contains
nutrients from soap and other residues (McCloy 2019). The
wastewater that would otherwise go into the septic and
sewer system is used to create greywater, which may
eventually end up in water bodies. Utilizing greywater
helps reduce this type of pollution because the wastewater
can then contaminate the water bodies. In this project,
the researchers will test whether greywater could have an
impact on phytochemicals. As defined by ScienceDirect,
phytochemicals are chemical substances that plants make,
usually to aid in their resistance to diseases by fungi,
bacteria, and plant viruses. The primary phytochemical in
tomatoes, lycopene, is responsible for most of the fruit's
health advantages. Lycopene protects against cancer by
activating phase II enzymes, which protect against cancer.
Tomato contains many other phytochemicals, mainly

Carmona, Cavite
carotenoids, and flavanols, which have antioxidant
activity and which in combination with lycopene may
contribute to the health benefits of the tomato. The
tomato, or Solanum Lycopersicum, is a flowering
solanaceous plant grown for its edible fruit. Tomatoes are
a good source of phytochemical lycopene and vitamin C. The
fruit is often eaten fresh in salads, cooked as a
vegetable, added to a variety of prepared foods, and
pickled. In addition, much of the world's tomato
production is processed into products such as tomato
juice, ketchup, puree, paste, and "sun-dried" or dried
pulp (Britannica, 2022).
To keep life on Earth, water conservation is
immediately required. There will come a day when the
survival of the Homo sapiens species will be in jeopardy
as water becomes more scarce. People must cultivate
behaviors that prioritize water conservation. By reusing
greywater, people can minimize their overall water
consumption and help protect the environment. A greywater
system can be helpful in many ways. These include
maintaining your garden and replenishing the natural water
table. Research in South Brazil has found that most of
these benefits fall into one of three categories:

Carmona, Cavite
Installing a greywater system can save you up to 42% pure
water. Additionally, recycling this water benefits the
entire neighborhood by easing pressure on the public water
supply.
Carmona, Cavite
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The research aims to investigate the impact of various
types of water on tomato plants. Some possible problem
statements that could be addressed are:
1. Does the quality of water used to irrigate tomatoes
affect the amount of lycopene produced in the fruit?
2. What is the impact of using greywater versus tap
water on lycopene levels in tomatoes?
3. Can the use of organic fertilizers combined with
specific types of water increase the production of
lycopene in tomatoes?
4. How does the presence of other minerals and chemicals
in water affect the lycopene content of tomatoes?
5. Is there a significant difference in the lycopene
levels of tomatoes grown with different types of
water and fertilizers?

Carmona, Cavite
HYPOTHESIS
This study aims to investigate the potential effects
of different water sources on the lycopene content of
tomato plants. In order to achieve this, three hypotheses
will be tested.:
1. Null hypothesis (Ho): The type of water used
(greywater, tapwater) does not affect the lycopene
content of tomatoes.
Alternative hypothesis (Ha): The type of water
used (greywater, tapwater) affects the lycopene
content of tomatoes.
2. Null hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant
difference in lycopene content between tomatoes
grown with greywater and those grown with
tapwater.
Alternative hypothesis (Ha): There is a
significant difference in lycopene content between
tomatoes grown with greywater and those grown with
tapwater.
3. Null hypothesis (Ho): Water type has no effect on
the yield of tomato plants.

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Alternative hypothesis (Ha): Water type affects
the yield of tomato plants.

Carmona, Cavite
METHODOLOGIES
Research Design
This study is conducted using an experimental design.
Various factors such as growing conditions, harvest times,
and processing methods can influence the lycopene effects
of tomatoes in this design. Using this type of research
design, causality can be established between variables.
Population and Sampling
For the experiment aimed at studying the effects of
different water types on tomato plants, the researchers
will use eight plants, four of which will be placed inside
and four outside. The greywater used in the experiment
will be classified into three categories: bathroom
greywater, dish greywater, and laundry greywater. One
tomato plant will be assigned to each greywater category,
while the fourth plant will be used for tap water. It is
also important to note that the population for this study
could consist of all ripe tomatoes of a given variety
cultivated under specific conditions, such as those grown
in a particular location or using a specific growing
method. A subset of ripe tomatoes, such as those
cultivated under certain conditions or at a specific time

Carmona, Cavite
of year, could also be included in the population. The
sample size and procedure for this study will be
determined by the specific research question and
population. For example, if the population consists of all
ripe tomatoes of a given type cultivated in a specific
location, a simple random sample from the population might
be collected. A stratified or cluster sample may be more
suited if the population is a subset of ripe tomatoes,
such as those cultivated under certain conditions or at a
specific time of year.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in the residence of one
of the researchers that gives the researchers access to
the materials and equipment required for the research. The
research location should also be safe and secure, and any
potential ethical or legal concerns should be considered.
Ethical Consideration
To do this experiment, the following considerations
would be followed:
• Participants should be informed of the purpose of
the study, the methods used, and the potential
risks and benefits. They should be given the

Carmona, Cavite
opportunity to ask questions and provide informed
consent prior to participating in the experiment.
• The study should be designed and executed in a
manner that minimizes harm to participants. This
includes taking steps to minimize any physical,
psychological, or social harm that may result from
participating in the study.
• Participants should have the right to withdraw from
the study at any time without penalty. They should
also be provided with any information they need to
make informed decisions about their participation.
• The data collected during the study should be used
only for the purpose for which it was collected and
not disclosed or used for any other purposes
without the consent of the participants.
Research Disposal
Proper disposal of waste materials is an important
aspect of any research project. This ensures that the
environment is protected and that the waste does not pose
a risk to human health. In this research, waste materials
that will be generated include excess greywater, used
soil, and metal wires. As such, it is important to have a
disposal plan that is both environmentally friendly and

Carmona, Cavite
safe. This plan will involve recycling where possible, as
well as proper disposal methods for any waste that cannot
be recycled.
1. Excess greywater: Greywater can be reused for non-
potable purposes such as flushing toilets and
cleaning. If it cannot be reused, it should be
disposed of in a designated greywater system or a
septic system. It should not be poured onto the
ground, as it can contaminate soil and groundwater.
2. Used Soil: It can be reused in gardening or
landscaping projects or composted. Composting is an
eco-friendly method of recycling organic materials,
which can be used to enrich soil.
3. Metal wire: Metal wire can be recycled at a recycling
center or scrap yard. It should not be disposed of
in regular trash or mixed with other recyclables.

Carmona, Cavite
Research Instruments and Techniques
The objective of this study is to find out how
different types of water affect the growth and development
of tomato plants. The study seeks to determine which type
of water (greywater or tapwater) benefits tomato growth
the most in terms of plant height, number of tomatoes
produced, plant weight, and overall plant health. This
data will be collected through a controlled experiment in
which all other variables, such as fertilizer and
sunlight, remain constant while only the type of water
changes. The findings of this study will help to improve
understanding of sustainable irrigation strategies for
small-scale food crop production, as well as the possible
use of greywater in agriculture.
In making the tomatoes, researchers will use the
following materials and factors:
• Tomato seeds - (dependent variable)
• Water – Greywater and Tapwater (independent variable)
• 10 L Water Gallon – will be served as a pot that
allows the researchers to develop more changeable
beds. (Controlled variable)

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• Loam Soil (with Organic Fertilizer) - provides the
necessary support (controlled variable)
• Sunlight - helps the plant to produce tomatoes
(Controlled variable)
• Scissors/Hand Pruners - to cut the stalk.
• Watering can - to water the tomato plants with the
different water types, ensuring each plant receives
the same amount of water.
• Shovel - to dig holes for planting the tomato
seedlings in the soil.
• Drill - to make holes in the 10L water gallon to
allow for controlled pouring of the water during the
experiment.
• Metal wire – will be used to make climbing supports
for the tomatoes.
Additional:
• 4 in 1 Soil pH meter - to measure the moisture,
temperature, acidity, and sunlight intensity of the
soil in which the tomatoes are grown.
• Water testing kit - to measure the pH, total
dissolved solids (TDS), and conductivity of the
different types of water.

Carmona, Cavite
These additional materials will help the
researchers better control and measure the variables in
their study and gather more comprehensive data on the
effect of different types of water on tomato growth.
Table 1. List of materials and quantities for tomato

cultivation
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT: QUANTITY

Tomato Seeds 24 pcs.
Water (Greywater & Tapwater) 250 L
Recycled 10 L water gallon. 8 pcs.
Loam Soil with Organic Fertilizer 8 bags.
Scissors/Hand pruners 1 pc.

4 in 1 Soil pH meter 1 pc.
Digital Water Testing kit 1 pc.
Metal wire (for Climbing Support) 20 m
Watering Can 1 pc.
Shovel 1 pc.
Drill 1 pc.
Carmona, Cavite
METHODS:
Observational Studies: involve observing and collecting
data on tomatoes, their lycopene content, and other
factors that may affect lycopene content, such as growing
conditions and processing methods.
Experiments: are a type of research design that involves
manipulating one or more independent variables and
observing the effects on a dependent variable. In this
research, experiments could be used to examine the effect
of different types of water on the lycopene content of
tomatoes.
Laboratory Tests: Laboratory tests, such as
spectrophotometry or high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), can be used to measure the lycopene
content of tomatoes and other food samples.
Data Analysis: Statistical analysis, such as regression
analysis or analysis of variance (ANOVA), can be used to
analyze and interpret the data collected from the research
methods.
Carmona, Cavite
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
1 Sample Collection
1.1 Tomatoes
The researchers will collect a representative sample of
tomatoes for analysis. This can be done by selecting a
random sample of plants from a larger population or by
growing tomatoes under controlled conditions.
1.2 Greywater
A variety of sources can produce greywater, including
bathtubs, shower stalls, washbasins in the bathroom,
dishes, and washing machines. Ensure that the collected
greywater is stored in a clean, covered container to
prevent contamination. It is important to test greywater
for chemical and biological contaminants before using it
for irrigation. With the water testing kit, you can test
the pH and the total dissolved solids (TDS). Depending on
the results, greywater can be used for irrigation if it
is within acceptable limits.

Carmona, Cavite
1.3 Tapwater
The sample could be drawn from a tap in the researcher's
residence or laboratory. The sample should be handled in
the same manner as the greywater samples.
2 Proper Care of Tomatoes
2.1 The Experimental Set-up
This will include preparing the pots, soil, and seeds.
The researchers may decide to use a specific type of pot
and soil that is suitable for tomato growth and provides
the necessary nutrients.
2.2 Watering
The researchers will water the tomato plants 1-2 liters
of water per week (143ml to 286ml per day), following the
recommended water requirements for tomato plants. The
water used for irrigation will be either greywater or tap
water depending on the study's objective.

Carmona, Cavite
2.3 Monitoring
The researchers will monitor the growth and development
of the tomato plants regularly. This will include
observations of the plant's height, stem diameter, number
of leaves, and fruit production.
3 Irrigation Used
The irrigation methods used in this research can be
either:
3.1 Overhead Irrigation
Overhead irrigation is a method of watering plants in
which water is sprayed from above, typically with a hose
or watering can. Water can be applied uniformly to the
entire plant bed or targeted to individual plants or
regions that require watering. This technique is
frequently used to water outside plants, lawns, and
gardens.
Carmona, Cavite
3.2 Hand Irrigation
Hand Irrigation, on the other hand, is a more accurate
method in which water is administered directly to the soil
around the plant using a watering can or a hose with a
nozzle. This method provides greater control over the
amount of water given to each plant, making it easier to
water specific plants or regions that require additional
attention. Hand Irrigation is frequently used for indoor
plants, seedlings, and small outdoor plants that require
frequent watering.
4 Harvesting The Tomatoes
4.1 Determine the appropriate time for Harvest.
The researchers should know when the tomatoes are ready
for harvest, usually when the fruits are fully mature and
have reached their maximum size (The tomato plant usually
matures in 3 months).
4.2 Recording the Data
The researchers should record the date, time, and
conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity) at the time of

Carmona, Cavite
harvest, as well as the number and weight of the tomatoes
collected from each plant.
4.3 Label and store the Samples.
The researchers should properly label and store the
harvested tomatoes, taking care to prevent contamination
and preserve the quality of the samples.
5 Data Collection
5.1 Observations
This involves observing and recording various aspects
of the tomato plants, such as growth, yield, water usage,
and nutrient uptake. This can be done using tools such as
a ruler, digital scale, and thermometer.
5.2 Water Analysis
This involves analyzing the chemical and physical
properties of the different types of water used for
irrigation. This can be done using standard laboratory
procedures and equipment, such as spectrophotometers and
pH meters.
Carmona, Cavite
5.3 Data analysis
This involves analyzing the data collected from the
various methods to determine the impact of different water
types on tomato plants. This can be done using statistical
software and models to identify trends, correlations, and
causal relationships between variables.
5.4 Record keeping
This involves keeping detailed records of all data
collected, including observations, samples, and results
from experiments and analysis. This helps to ensure
accuracy, consistency, and completeness of the data, and
allows for future replication and verification of the
research findings.
Carmona, Cavite
FLOWCHART
Figure 1. Flowchart of the research methodology

Carmona, Cavite
GANTT CHART
Table 2. Gantt chart for Research Manuscript
Table 3. Gantt chart for Sample Collection. Proper Care of

Tomatoes, Harvesting, and Data Collection.
Carmona, Cavite
BUDGET PROPOSAL
Table 4. The Total Cost and Suppliers of the research
UNIT TOTAL
# ITEMS QUANTITY UNIT SUPPLIERS
COST COST
YIERYI SVG KRL'S
1 Tomato Seeds 24 PC ₱0.00 ₱0.00
Water
2 (Greywater & 250 L ₱0.00 ₱0.00
Tapwater)
3 Recycled 10 L 8 PC ₱0.00 ₱0.00

water gallon.
Loam Soil
4 with Organic 8 BAG ₱60.00 ₱480.00
Fertilizer
5 Scissors/Hand 1 PC ₱0.00 ₱0.00

pruners
4 in 1 Soil
6 1 PC ₱700.00 ₱700.00
pH meter
7 Digital Water 1 PC ₱400.00 ₱400.00

Testing kit
Metal wire
8 (for Climbing 4 KG ₱80.00 ₱320.00
Support)
Others:
Shovel,
9 1 PC ₱0.00 ₱0.00
Watering Can,
Drill
10 HPLC TEST 8 - - -
OTHER
11 ₱2,000.00
MISCELLANEOUS
TOTAL: ₱3,900.00
*Some items have no expenses or suppliers because the
researchers either already have them or they will use
recycled items.
Carmona, Cavite
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "tomato".

Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Sep. 2022,
https://www.britannica.com/plant/tomato.
Gardenuity. "Harvesting Tomatoes: The Complete Guide."

https://blog.gardenuity.com/harvesting-tomatoes/.
May 30, 2020.
Tomato Dirt. “Growing Tomatoes Made Easy.” Accessed

February 19, 2023.
https://www.tomatodirt.com/growing-tomatoes.html.
California State Water Resources Control Board. “Greywater

Information.” Accessed February 19, 2023.
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/program
s/greywater_registry/.
Greywater Action. “What Is Greywater?” Accessed February

19, 2023. https://greywateraction.org/.
Oregon Health & Science University. “Greywater Reuse.”

Accessed February 19, 2023.
https://www.ohsu.edu/sustainability/greywater-
reuse.
Water Wise Group. “Greywater Guidelines for Home Gardens.”

https://www.waterwisegroup.com/greywater-
education/.
American Heart Association. “Lycopene May Lower Stroke

Risk in Men.” Accessed February 19, 2023.
https://www.heart.org/en/news/2018/06/27/lycopene-
may-lower-stroke-risk-in-men.
Carmona, Cavite
Harvard Health Publishing. “Lycopene-Rich Tomatoes Linked

to Lower Stroke Risk.” Accessed February 19, 2023.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-
healthy/lycopene-rich-tomatoes-linked-to-lower-
stroke-risk
Medical News Today. “What Are the Health Benefits of

Lycopene?” Accessed February 19, 2023.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/279484.
National Center for Biotechnology Information. “Lycopene:

Its Properties and Relationship to Human Health.”
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Lycopene-
HealthProfessional/.
Today’s Dietitian. “Lycopene: A Review of Its Potential

as an Antioxidant and Beneficial Molecule.” Accessed
February 19, 2023.
https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/1119p36
.shtml.
Carmona, Cavite
CURRICULUM VITAE
STUDENT RESEARCHER 1
PERSONAL INFORMATION
NAME: Jacob Elijah C. Datiles
BIRTHDATE: Sept. 3, 2009
BIRTHPLACE: San Pedro, Laguna
PERMANENT ADDRESS: Blk 5 Lot 19 Phase 10 Carmona
Estates, Carmona Cavite
EMAIL ADDRESS: datilesjacob@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
GRADE LEVEL COMPLETE: Elementary
CURRENT GRADE LEVEL: 8
SECTION: Science Class
SCHOOL: Carmona National High School

Carmona, Cavite
HONORS AND AWARDS RECEIVED:
ELEMENTARY: With Honors
GRADE 7: With Honors

Carmona, Cavite
NAME: Gilyan Oona R. Leonardo

BIRTHDATE: May 8, 2009
BIRTHPLACE: Alabang, Muntinlupa
PERMANENT ADDRESS: Blk 22 Lot 31 Cedar 3 Carmona

Estates, Carmona Cavite
EMAIL ADDRESS: gilyan.oona@gmail.com

Carmona, Cavite
GRADE 8: Champion ESP Digital Arts
GRADE 7: Top 3 Digital Arts, Top 1 in Science Quiz

Bee
GRADE 6: Champion in English Editorial Cartooning
(DSPC 2021), With Honors
GRADE 5: Top 6 in English Editorial Cartooning
(DSPC)
GRADE 4: Top 11 in English Editorial Cartooning
(DSPC)
GRADE 3: Deportment Award
GRADE 2: Rank 4 in Filipino Quiz Bee (DSPC),
Participant in Filipino Essay Writing

(RSPC)
Carmona, Cavite
NAME: AJ Kean B. Reunada
BIRTHDATE: November 29 2009
BIRTHPLACE:
PERMANENT ADDRESS: 10100 San Pablo St. Cabilang
Baybay, Carmona Cavite
EMAIL ADDRESS: ajkeanreunada@gmail.com

Carmona, Cavite
GRADE 5: 1st Place Math Quiz Bee
GRADE 4: 3rd Place (Partners) in Math Division
GRADE 3: 3rd Place (Partners)in Math Division
GRADE 2: Champion (Solos)in Math Challenge
Division
GRADE 1: 7th place (Trio) Math Division

Carmona, Cavite
APPENDIX A INTEL ISEF FORMS

Research Paper Finale

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CARMONA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Special Science Program

LYCOPENE EVALUATION OF TOMATOES (Solanum Lycopersicum)

BASED ON WATER ANALYSIS

Carmona National High School

Special Science Program

Datiles, Jacob Elijah C.

Leonardo, Gilyan Oona R.

Special Science Program

This research entitled “LYCOPENE EVALUATION OF TOMATOES

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the

JOSE E. SAMSON JR.

Special Science Program

Statement of the Problem

Population and Sampling

Data Gathering Procedure

Appendix A Intel ISEF Forms

Special Science Program

Table 1. List of materials and quantities for tomato

Table 2. Gantt chart for Research Manuscript

Table 3. Gantt chart for Sample Collection. Proper Care

of Tomatoes, Harvesting, and Data Collection.

Table 4. The Total Cost and Suppliers of the research

Special Science Program

Figure 1. Flowchart of research methodology

Special Science Program

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The Philippines confronts serious problems

concerning water quality, accessibility, water shortage,

and temporal distribution. According to World Health

Organization (WHO), over 3 million Filipinos still rely

on unsafe and unsustainable water sources and 7 million

lack improved sanitation. The importance of water in

agriculture cannot also be overstated. It is essential

that crops and livestock have access to sufficient amounts

of clean, usable water. Water is not only useful for

agriculture, but also for maintaining the environment in

sensitive or protected areas, such as wetlands. Access to

clean water for drinking and performing basic hygiene at

home, in schools, and in healthcare facilities is limited

by a shortage of water. Water scarcity can cause sewage

systems to malfunction and an increase in the risk of

getting diseases like cholera. Water that is hard to

obtain also costs more. There are several factors that

affect the availability of freshwater, including overuse,

increasing demand, pollution, poor management, inadequate

infrastructure, and changing weather patterns due to

Special Science Program

There are various sources of water that are used to

water plants to address this issue. Water analysis of

different sources like grey water can be tested if this

will affect the nutrients we get from the plants.

Greywater is household wastewater generated from the reuse

of shower, laundry, and hand sink water. After treatment,

this water can be used to irrigate a garden. Greywater can

be treated and recycled to nourish the soil, which in turn

produces lush, healthy plants because it contains

nutrients from soap and other residues (McCloy 2019). The

wastewater that would otherwise go into the septic and

sewer system is used to create greywater, which may

eventually end up in water bodies. Utilizing greywater

helps reduce this type of pollution because the wastewater