APPENDIX A3-II: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF GEOLOGICAL, MINING ANDMETALLURGICAL
ENGINEERING

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
PLANT DESIGN PROJECT

DESIGN OF A TIN CONCENTRATOR PLANT

PROJECT N° 2021-1 ME525R

REV. BY REVIEW ISSUED BY DATE
A Project 02 H. Parra Internal Review 29/11/2021
B Project 02 H. Parra Internal Review 29/11/2021
C Project 02 H. Parra Internal Review 29/11/2021
D Project 02 H. Parra Internal Review 29/11/2021
E Project 02 H. Parra Internal Review 29/11/2021
 INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 7
2. GENERALITIES ................................................................................................................. 7
2.1. LOCATION AND ACCESS .............................................................................................. 7
2.2. MINERALOGY ................................................................................................................ 8
2.3. METALLURGICAL RESULTS ......................................................................................... 9
3. REAGENTS ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.1. SODIUM ISOPROPYL XANTHATE (Z-11) .................................................................... 10
4. CONTROL PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................ 10
5. FACILITIES ...................................................................................................................... 14
6. WATER, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................ 14
6.1. WATER ......................................................................................................................... 14
6.1.1. HYDRIC BALANCE .................................................................................................... 15
6.1.2. WATER BALANCE ..................................................................................................... 15
6.2. ENERGY ....................................................................................................................... 16
6.2.1. ENERGY BALANCE ................................................................................................... 18
6.3. ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................ 18
6.3.1. EFFLUENT TREATMENT........................................................................................... 19
6.3.2. PROCESS DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 20

3
 INDEX OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1. Tin Plant Location 7

Figure 2.2. Access from Juliaca to the Tin Plant 8
Figure 6.1. Reagent Plant - Tin Project 10
Figure 6.2. Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate Plant – Block Diagram 11
Figure 6.3. Methyl Isobutyl Carbonyl Plant – Block Diagram 12
Figure 5.4. Aeropromoter 845 Plant – Block Diagram 13
Figure 5.5. Sodium Fluorosilicate Plant – Block Diagram 14
Figure 5.6 Sulfuric Acid Plant – Block Diagram 15
Figure 5.7. Lime Plant – Block Diagram 16
Figure 8.1. Hydric Balance scheme 18
Figure 8.2. Water Balance Diagram. 3000 T/d processing plant 20

4
 TABLE INDEX

Table 4.1. Tabla de ensayo del mineral 8

Table 4.2. Valuation of metals 9
Table 4.3. Mineralogical balance. 10
Table 5.1. Function and characteristic of reagents 11
Table 5.2. Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate consumption data 12
Table 5.3. Methyl Isobutyl Carbonyl consumption data 13
Table 5.4. Aeropromoter 845 consumption data 14
Table 5.5. Sodium Fluorosilocate consumption data 15
Table 5.6. Sulfuric Acid consumption data 16
Table 5.7. Sulfuric Acid consumption data 17
Table 8.1. Meteorological parameters in Nuñoa-Puno 18
Table 8.2. Surface and underground water sources 20

5
Main Plant:

➢ Huaman Quispe, Eloy

➢ Fernandez Aranda, Mario Antonio
➢ Aguirre Muñoz, Diego Roberth
➢ Chaupis Grimaldo, Brayan Maycol

Water, Energy and Environment:

➢ Villon Cobeñas, Luis Enrique

➢ Mantilla Mata, Percy Jhoan
➢ Alvarado Matos, Kevin Jair
➢ Robles Saire, José Antonio

6
1. INTRODUCTION

The students of the 10th semester of metallurgical engineering of the National University of

Engineering, we have developed the Greenfield project at the scoping study level of a tin plant

that will have a capacity of 3000 TPD and the main product will be a Sn concentrate. The

processing of the mineral will begin a stage of crushing, gravimetric concentration, flotation, and

liquid separation to obtain the final concentration.

2. LOCATION AND ACCESS

The plant is located in Nuñoa, in the providence of Melgar, in the department of Puno. The

altitude varies between 4365 and 4428 meters above sea level, whose coordinates are:

➢ Longitude: 14°20'21.04"S.

➢ Latitude: 70°30'50.07"W.

Access to the plant is by land trough an asphalt road. Access consists of two sections, the first

from Lima to Arequipa (1040 km) and the second from Arequipa to Juliaca (280 km); from the

city of Juliaca there are two routes:

a) Juliaca – Pucara – Asillo – Tin Project

b) Juliaca – Azangaro – Tin Project

In both routes, the roads are 95% asphalted and it is necessary to travel approximately 197 km,

in this last part of the access the Interoceanic highway is used.

Figure 2.1. Tin Plant Location

Source: Google Earth - 24/09/2021.
7
 Figure 2.2. Access from Juliaca to the Tin Plant
Source: Google Earth - 24/09/2021

3. MINERALOGY

Mineral assays that will be processed in the plant can be observed on the Table 4.1.

Table 4.1. Tabla de ensayo del mineral

Metal Assay (%, OZ/T) Weight (TPD)

Tin 4.1000 123
Copper 0.1500 4.5
Zinc 0.0100 0.3
Arsenic 0.0800 2.4
Sulfur 0.8700 26.1
Silver (Oz/T) 0.4938 0.042

Source: Own Elaboration

The following table shows the valuation of metals, this table allows us to identify which is the

most valuable metal on which we will be based in order to obtain the concentrate.

Table 4.2. Valuation of metals

Assay Weight Precio Precio del Valuation

Metals
(%, OZ/T) (T, g) ($/T, $/g) metal ($) ratio
Tin (Sn) 4.1 123 35325 4344975 98.36%
Copper (Cu) 0.15 4.5 9105.75 40975.875 0.93%
Zinc (Zn) 0.01 0.3 3002.75 900.825 0.02%
Silver (Ag) 0.4938 42000 0.7317 30731.4 0.70%
4417583.1

Source: Own Elaboration

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La composición mineralógica de la muestra mineral se presentará en la siguiente tabla:

Table 4.3. Mineralogical balance

% SPECIFIC
MINERAL FORMULA
WEIGHT GRAVITY
Cassiterite SnO2 5.269 7.000
Stannite Cu2FeSnS4 0.133 4.400
Arsenopyrite FeAsS 0.174 6.050
Chlorite (Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2.(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6 19.900 2.950
Quartz SiO2 52.500 2.650
Pyrite FeS2 1.342 5.000
Silica SiO2 9.400 2.650
Tourmaline Na(Mg,Fe,Li,Mn,Al)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH,F)4 6.800 3.100
Native Bismuth Bi 0.060 9.750
Bornite Cu5FeS4 0.067 5.050
Calcite CaCO3 0.130 2.710
Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 0.133 4.350
Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 0.070 2.615
Chalcosine Cu2S 0.012 5.650
Covelite CuS 0.013 4.700
Cuprite Cu2O 0.003 6.140
Sphalerite ZnS 0.033 4.000
Fluorite CaF 0.032 3.180
Native Copper Cu 0.001 8.900
Cubanita CuFe2S3 0.001 4.080
Enargite Cu3AsS4 0.001 4.450
Jamesonite Pb4FeSb6S14 0.003 5.630
Stibnite Sb2S3 0.003 4.645
Gold Au 0.001 19.300
Native Silver Ag 0.001 10.500
Scheelite CaWO4 0.001 6.000
Wolframite (Fe,Mn,Mg)WO4 0.001 7.300

Source: Own Elaboration

4. METALLURGICAL RESULTS

The final products obtained are gravimetric concentrate and flotation concentrate, with

recoveries of 78.53% and 11.20% respectively. In total, a recovery of 92.73% is obtained.

5. REAGENTS

The tin processing plant will have at its disposal the following reagent systems that are

described according to their nature and application in each operation of the circuit. The

classification consists of: pH modifying reagents and Flotation reagents to obtain a Sn

concentrate.

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 Table 5.1. Function and characteristic of reagents

FUNCTION REAGENT Sp gr STORAGE AND REACTIVITY

Store in a dry and ventilated place. Risk of fire and

Ph modifier H2SO4 1.8 explosion in contact with bases, combustible
substances, oxidants, reducing agents or water.

Aero 845 Store in a ventilated place. There is no danger of

1.12
Promotor reactivity.
Collectors
Flammable and toxic reagent, avoid dust, keep it in a
SIPX
1.522 cool place and in an environment without solar contact,
(Z- 11)
avoiding humidity.

Storage should be done protected from direct sunlight,

Sodium
Depressants 2.7 in a cool and ventilated place. There is no danger of
Fluorosilicate
reactivity
Store in a cool, ventilated place away from sources of
Foaming ignition and direct sunlight. Only use metal containers.
MIBC 0.808
agent Avoid contact with strong acids and oxidizing
materials.

Flocculant Renafloc 1120 1.1 Store away from strong oxidizing agents.

Source: Own Elaboration

The reagents that we will use both for sulfide flotation, cassiterite flotation and thickening, each

one will have a designed plant, in order to obtain the required doses for each process. To

achieve this objective, the corresponding volumes and consumptions of each type of reagent

were obtained. Doses and dosing points will be described in the following design, as well as the

preparation and arrival of each reagent.

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 Figure. 5.1. Reagent Plant - Tin Project

5.1. SODIUM ISOPROPYL XANTHATE (Z-11)

The SIPX is presented in bags of 25Kg. The reagent is placed in a stirring tank for its preparation

at 10% by weight, with a size of 0.9mx 0.67m and an effective volume of 0.4 m 3, then it is

transported to a storage tank of 1.2mx 1.1m, with a volume effective of 1.18 m 3. The dosage

and the reagent consumption will be presented in the table.

Table 5.2. Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate consumption data

Consum. Prep. Dosage Consum. Consum.

Reagent Dosign area
(Kg/day) (%) (cc/min) (Kg/T) (Kg/month)
Z-11 Conditioner Tank N°1 33 10% 229.167 0.011 990

Figure 5.2. Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate Plant – Block Diagram

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5.2. METHYL ISOBUTYL CARBONYL (MIBC)

The MIBC comes in 165 Kg cylinders. Dosing is done directly and will not need the addition of

water, only a storage tank of 0.47 m x 0.47 m with an effective volume of 0.067 m3, to be

distributed to the sulfide Flotation stage by means of a dosing pump at a dose of 100 cc/min.

and a total consumption of 48 g /T. The dosage and the reagent consumption will be presented

in the table.

Table 5.3. Methyl Isobutyl Carbonyl consumption data

Consum. Prep. Dosage Consum. Consum.

Reagent Dosign area
(Kg/day) (%) (cc/min) (Kg/T) (Kg/month)
Conditioner Tank
MIBC 144 100% 100 0.048 4320
N°1

Figure 5.3. Methyl Isobutyl Carbonyl Plant – Block Diagram

5.3. AEROPROMOTER 845

The AP - 845 comes in 500 lb cylinders. The reagent is placed in a stirring tank for its preparation

at 10% by weight, with a size of 1.5 m x 1.3 m and an effective volume of 2.31 m 3, then it is

transported to a storage tank of 1.8m x 2.8 m, with a volume effective of 7.43 m 3. The dosage

and the reagent consumption will be presented in the table.

Table 5.4. Aeropromoter 845 consumption data

Consum. Prep. Dosage Consum. Consum.

Reagent Dosign area
(Kg/day) (%) (cc/min) (Kg/T) (Kg/month)
Conditioner Tank N°5 267 10% 1854.17 0.089 8010
Aeroprometer Rougher Cassiterite 30 10% 208.33 0.010 900
845 (AP-845) Scavenger Cassiterite 126 10% 875.00 0.042 3780
Cleaner 1 Cassiterite 66 10% 458.33 0.022 1980

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 Figure 5.4. Aeropromoter 845 Plant – Block Diagram

5.4. SODIUM FLUOROSILICATE

Sodium Fluorosilicate is presented in 25 Kg bags. The reagent will go to a 2.39 m x 2.39 m

stirring tank, with an effective volume of 9,058 m3, where the 10% solution is prepared and

then it will be transferred by pump to a 2.39mx 2.39m storage tank with an effective volume

of 9,058 m3. The dosage and the reagent consumption will be presented in the table.

Table 5.5. Sodium Fluorosilocate consumption data

Consum. Prep. Dosage Consum. Consum.

Reagent Dosign area
(Kg/day) (%) (cc/min) (Kg/T) (Kg/month)
Conditioner Tank N°2 261 10% 1812.5 0.087 7830
Sodium
Fluorosilicate Cleaner 2 Cassiterite 60 10% 416.67 0.020 1800
Cleaner 3 Cassiterite 39 10% 270.83 0.013 1170

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 Figure 5.5. Sodium Fluorosilicate Plant – Block Diagram

5.5. SULFURIC ACID (H2SO4)

The MIBC comes in 500 lb cylinders. Dosing is done directly and will not need the addition of

water, only a storage tank of 1.8 m x 2.8 m with an effective volume of 7.3 m3.

The dosage and the reagent consumption will be presented in the table.

Table 5.6. Sulfuric Acid consumption data

Consum. Prep. Dosage Consum. Consum.

Reagent Dosign area
(Kg/day) (%) (cc/min) (Kg/T) (Kg/month)
Cleaner sulfide 150 98% 106.29 0.050 4500
Conditioner Tank N°1 717 98% 508.08 0.239 21510
H2SO4
Conditioner Tank N°3 255 98% 180.69 0.085 7650
Conditioner Tank N°4 276 98% 195.57 0.092 8280

14
 Figure 5.6. Sulfuric Acid Plant – Block Diagram

5.6. Lime

The lime is presented in a 1 ton big bag. The reagent will be placed in a stirring tank with a

size of 1.82 m x 2.62 m and an effective volume of 6.09 m3, where a 5% by weight milk of

lime will be obtained, then it is transported to a storage tank of 2.2 m x 3.2 m, with an effective

volume of 12.16 m3. The dosage and the reagent consumption will be presented in the table.

Table 5.7. Sulfuric Acid consumption data

Consum. Prep. Dosage Consum. Consum.

Reagent Dosign area
(Kg/day) (%) (cc/min) (Kg/T) (Kg/month)
Cleaner 1 Cassiterite 75 5% 1041.67 0.025 2250
Sodium
Fluorosilicate Cleaner 2 Cassiterite 90 5% 1250 0.030 2700
Cleaner 3 Cassiterite 90 5% 1250 0.030 2700

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 Figure 5.7. Lime Plant – Block Diagram

6. CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

The instrumentation philosophy of the tin plant is based on establishing control at critical points

of the mineral processing for its optimization. Therefore, there will be a sampling system in the

crushing stage, a grade control in the feed streams and tails of the Rougher and Scavenger

cells and finally a pH control in the flotation stage.

7. FACILITIES

7.1. ACCOUNTING

7.1.1. HAMMER SAMPLER

The hammer sampler is implemented to take samples of materials from conveyor belts,

performing a circular motion through the material stream, in doing so automatically removes

from the belt a representative sample of cross section corresponding to that of the sampling

frame.

7.1.2. SAMSTAT 30 SAMPLER

The SamStat uses multiple stages of rifle-style samplers, located in the overflow weirs to reduce

the pulp flow to a small, easily manageable flow rate. It then uses a small cross-sectional

sampler, as a final step, to cut the sample into a cuvette to produce a composite sample.

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7.1.3. ANSTAT 330 SAMPLER

The Analysis and Sampling Station (AnStat) provides full metallurgical accounting sampling and

continuous analysis in the flow. It is located at the outlet of each tank for its calibration and

process control sampling and designed to be a complete system arranged linearly or with

parallel sections.

7.2. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

7.2.1. METAL REMOVER

The metal remover is installed on the head or in the middle of the belt conveyor and hasthe

function of absorbing the iron pieces and expelling them from the conveyor belt.

7.2.2. METAL DETECTOR

The metal detector is placed on the conveyor belt to eliminate harmful metals, based on a sensor

that processes the transported materials and then drives an actuator (electromagnet) through

electronic technology.

7.2.3. WEIGHTOMETER

The weightometer is placed on the conveyor belt that feeds the grinding stage to monitor and

control the amount of flow fed to the corresponding stage.

7.3. SECONDARY EQUIPMENTS

7.3.1. APRON FEEDER

The Apron feeder is designed primarily for feeding primary crushers or for dosing the feed of a

sorting plant. The high quality of its materials makes it a highly robust, reliable equipment that

achieves regular feeding.

7.3.2. BULK HOPPER

The coarse hopper is a parallelepiped that has an inclined plane at the bottom, the upperpart

generally has a grate that does not allow materials larger than the reception of the crusher to

pass through and in the lower central part it has a discharge gate.

7.3.3. FINE HOPPER

The fines hopper are tanks that serve to store fine mineral and to later be able to transferthe
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mineral to the grinding stage, being fed with belts.

7.3.4. CONVEYOR BELT

The conveyor belt is widely applied to mining and metallurgy and is used to transport loose

materials or in series. Depending on the transport process order, it can work individually or

together.

8. WATER, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

8.1. WATER

The meteorological parameters in the location of the plant are presented in table xxx with their

average values obtained from nearby meteorological stations, the volumen of groundwater and

surface water present in said area is shown in the table 9.1.

Table 8.1. Meteorological parameters in Nuñoa-Puno

Parameters Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Ag. Set. Oct. Nov. Dec.
T°C 8.1 8.2 7.9 7.2 5.4 3.9 3.5 4.6 6.1 7.4 8 8.2
Precipitation
173 150 132 59 8 7 4 12 24 55 56 86
(mm)
Evapotransp.
135.1 122.1 131.3 125.8 128.2 122.4 131 146 156.2 168.4 164.4 150.4
(mm)

Source: Senamhi hydrometeorological data (2000-2020)

Table 8.2. Surface and underground water sources.

Dec-Jan- Mar-Apr- Jun-Jul- Sep-Oct-

PARAMETERS (m3) Total (m3)
Feb May Aug Nov
Precipitation 32874700 15895400 1820300 10777600 61368000
Evapotranspiration 24164300 24967100 23281200 28579700 100992200
Population consumption 119300 119300 119300 119300 477200
Agricultural consumption 19100 22100 33200 27200 101700
Surface water 25815400 12294500 1407900 8417700 47935600
Groundwater 1446700 1446700 1446700 1431000 577100
Surplus 36943400 15612300 2702100 9702200 6496000
Deficit - - - - -

Source: ANA- Water resources Assessment of the Nuñoa-Azangaro-Puno (2015)

8.1.1. HYDRIC BALANCE

In table 8.3. The water balance in an area of 80.28 km2 is shown, considering population and

agricultural consumption, likewise in Figure 9.1. The Flow diagram is observer to obtain the

values of table xxx.

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 Table 8.3. Hydric balance

Type Name Surface (km2) Volume (m3)

Surface Water Nuñoa 2215.55 47935600
Groundwater Azangaro 1598.06 5771000

Source: Own Elaboration

Figure 8.1. Hydric Balance scheme

Source: Own Elaboration

8.1.2. WATER BALANCE

The water balance was carried out using the percentages of solids from each stage and the

amounts of recirculated water, as shown in figure 8.2.

8.2. ENERGY

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 Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
H2O
t/h 125.00 58.89 66.11 66.11 491.08 387.25 103.84 130.96 130.96 322.39 196.51 328.19 42.83 70.44
Flow 257.74
H2O
Tc/h 137.79 64.92 72.87 72.87 541.33 426.87 114.46 144.36 144.36 355.37 216.61 361.76 47.21 77.65 284.11
Flow
H2O
m3/h 125.00 58.89 66.11 66.11 491.08 387.25 103.84 130.96 130.96 322.39 196.51 328.19 42.83 70.44 257.74
Flow

Unit 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
H2O
t/h 465.37 5.44 5.44 17.78 13.61 4.17 145.43 69.56 75.87 175.96 81.68 94.28 65.99 9.49 56.50
Flow
H2O
Tc/h 512.98 5.99 5.99 19.60 15.00 4.60 160.31 76.67 83.64 193.96 90.04 103.92 72.74 10.46 62.28
Flow
H2O
m3/h 465.37 5.44 5.44 17.78 13.61 4.17 145.43 69.56 75.87 175.96 81.68 94.28 65.99 9.49 56.50
Flow

Unit 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 A B C D E F
H2O
408.98 347.63 325.64 21.99 84.06 12.61 0.86 11.74 19.23 424.98 191.43 83.06 447.58 83.19 45.62
Flow t/h
H2O
450.82 383.20 358.96 24.24 92.65 13.90 0.95 12.94 21.20 468.46 211.02 91.56 493.37 91.70 50.29
Flow Tc/h
H2O
408.98 347.63 325.64 21.99 84.06 12.61 0.86 11.74 19.23 424.98 191.43 83.06 447.58 83.19 45.62
Flow m3/h

Unit G H I J K
H2O Flow t/h 100.08 83.34 37.77 665.795 867.168
H2O Flow Tc/h 110.32 91.87 41.64 710.50 931.64
H2O Flow m3/h 100.08 83.34 37.77 665.795 867.168

Figure 8.2. Water Balance Diagram. 3000 T/d processing plant.

Water consumption and unit water consumption in the processing plant are observed in table 9.4.

Table 9.4. Water Consumption

WATER UNIT VALUE

CONSUMPTION
Plant water m3/h 867.16811
Fresh water m3/h 201.37311
Water Recovery m3/h 665.795
Make-up water m3/T 1.610984

Source: Own Elaboration

As can be seen in table 8.4, the unit consumption of water in the processing plant is 1.604 m3/T.

8.2.1. ENERGY BALANCE

The energy consumption in the main plant is 37'163,194.7 kW.h/year, the reagent plant
consumes 712,830.08 kWh / year and the facilities consume 542,809.94 kWh/ year. In
summary, the total energy consumed in the tin plant is 38'418,834.7 kWh/ year. Energy
consumption can be observed on the Table 8.3.

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 Table 8.4. Energy Consumption

ENERGY
UNIT VALUE
CONSUMPTION
MAIN PLANT kW.h/year 37'163,194.7
REAGENTS kW.h/year 712,830.08
FACILITIES kW.h/year 542,809.94
TOTAL ENERGY kW.h/year 38'418,834.7
Source: Own Elaboration

21