Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS 2nd Barbero Solution Manual

Finite Element Analysis of Composite

Materials Using ANSYS 2nd Barbero
Solution Manual
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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition
Stiffness matrix: > K @ 33929 « 1 2 1»
« »
0 1 1
- R ½
° °
Applied force: ^f` 0
® ¾
°100000 °
¯ ¿

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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition

- 0 ½
° °
Displacement: ^u` ®u n 2 ¾
°u °
¯ n3 ¿

The global system is expressed in the form: > K @^u` ^f`

The first column and the first row of the stiffness matrix can be removed together with the first
row of both the force and displacement vectors because the displacement un1 is already known.
Solving for the two remaining displacements it’s gotten that un2 = 2.9473 mm and un3 = 5.8947
mm.

- 0 ½
° °
Displacement: ^u` ® 2.9473¾
°5.8947 °
¯ ¿

The strain in each element is calculated based on the displacement by:

ª dN1 dN 2 º -u1 ½ 1 - u1 ½
H
du d
> N @e ^u`e > 1 1@
x ® ¾ ® ¾
dx dx dx dx ¯u2 ¿ Le ¯u2 ¿
1 - 0 ½
Element 1: H > 1 1@ ® ¾ 0.0079mm / mm
x 375 ¯2.9473¿
1 - 2.9473½
Element 2: H x
> 1 1@ ® ¾ 0.0079mm / mm
375 ¯5.8947 ¿

The stress in each element is calculated based on the strain by V x EH x , then Vx = 1571.9 MPa

Problem 2.2
The interpolation functions allow us to calculate the displacements in any point of the domain
as long as we have found the nodal values by:
§ Le x · § x·
u x N1u1 N 2u2 ¨ e ¸ 1 ¨ e ¸ u2
u
© L ¹ ©L ¹

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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition

(a) Displacement at the point x = 700 mm

This point is inside of the element 2 of the discretization, then:
Le = 375 mm
u1 = 2.9473 mm
u2 = 5.8947 mm
x in local coordinates is: 700 – 375 = 325 mm
§ 375 325 · § 325 ·
u x 125 * 2.9437 *5.8947 5.5012mm
¨ ¸ ¨ 375 ¸
375
© ¹ © ¹

(b) Displacement at the point x = 500 mm

This point is inside of the element 2 of the discretization, then:
Le = 375 mm
u1 = 2.9473 mm
u2 = 5.8947 mm
x in local coordinates is: 500 – 375 = 125 mm
§ 375 125 · § 125 ·
u x 125 *2.9437 *5.8947 3.9274mm
¨ ¸ ¨ 375 ¸
375
© ¹ © ¹

Problem 2.3
-u1 ½
°u ° , it’s possible to define u x
Let u~ ® 2¾ >N @1x3 u~ ; where [N] is a matrix containing the shape
°u °
¯ 3¿
functions for the element.

ª x x2 x x3 º ªx h x hº
u 2
u
« » «
x x x x h h »
« 1 2 1 3 » « 2
» ª 2x h x h º
T «x x x x » « x x h » « »
>N @ «
1
u 3
» « u »
1 2 « 4x x h »
h
« x2 x1 x2 x3 »
h h
« 2 2 » « »
¬ x 2x h ¼
«x x x x » « x x h »
u
u
2
« 1 2
» « »
¬
x3 x1 x3 x2
¼ ¬ h h
2 ¼

The strain-displacement matrix is given by:

§ ª 2x h x h º · ª 4x 3h º
T T ¨ « »¸ « »
> B@ wx >N @ wx ¨ 1
h2 «
4x x h »¸
1 8x 4h
h2 « »
¨ x 2x h ¸ 4x h
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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition
© ¹

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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition

The element stiffness matrix is given by: >K @ ³ >B@ >C @>B@dV
T

By Hooke’s law in the unidimensional case, [C] = E; also dV = Adx. Then

ª 4x 3h º
h
EA h « »
> K @ ³ > B @ E > B @ Adx
T
³ 8x 4h > 4x 3h 8x 4h 4x h @dx

h4 « »
0 0
4x h

ª 4x 3h
2
4x 3h 8x 4h 4x 3h 4x h º

EA h « »
>K @ ³ « 4x 3h 8x 4h 8x 4h
2
8x 4h 4x h »dx
h4 0 « 2 »
4x 3h 4x h 8x 4h 4x h 4x h

ª7 8 1º
EA «
>K @ 8 16 8»
3h « »
1 8 7
The force vector is given by:

³ f x >N @ dx ³ >N @ tdS

T T
F
h S

³ >N @ tdS = applied forces in nodal points. Then:

T
Since f(x) = f = cte and
S

ª 2x h x h º - P1 ½
h
« ° °
4x x h » dx
f
F 0
h2 ³ « » ® ¾
0
« x 2x h » °P °
¬ ¼ ¯ 3¿
-1½ -P1 ½
° ° ° °
F 1
6 fh® 4¾ ®0 ¾
°1° °P °
¯ ¿ ¯ 3¿

Problem 2.4
M A T LA B® c o de:

% INPUT (PREPROCESSING)
clear; clc;

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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition

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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition

% Material properties
E = 200000; % Young's Modulus
% Geometry
L = 750; % bar's length
A = 63.617; % bar cross sectrion's area
% number of elements
nel = 20;
% element's length
le = L/nel;
% number of nodes
nnod = nel + 1;
% nodal coordainates
for i = 1:nnod
coord(i) = (i-1)*le;
end
% connectivity
for i = 1:nel
conn(i,:) = [i,(i+1)];
end
% Boundary conditions [node desp-value]
bc = [1 0];
% Applied forces [node force-vale]
nf = [nnod 100000];

% PROCESSING
% Global arrays
K = zeros(nnod,nnod);
F = zeros(nnod,1);
U = zeros(nnod,1);
% Assign the applied load
F(nf(1,1)) = nf(1,2);
% Assign the known displacement
U(bc(1,1)) = bc(1,2);
% Loop over the elements
for i = 1:nel
% connectivity of the element
nod1 = conn(i,1);
nod2 = conn(i,2);
% stiffness matrix of the element
ke = E*A/le*[1 -1; -1 1];
% Assembling of the global matrix
K(nod1:nod2,nod1:nod2) = K(nod1:nod2,nod1:nod2) + ke;
end

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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition

% Removing the data for the known nodes

K(bc(1,1),:) = [];
K(:,bc(1,1)) = [];
% Solving for the unknown nodes
U(2:nnod,1) = inv(K)*F(2:nnod,1);

% Strain and Stress

for i = 1:nel
% connectivity of the element
nod1 = conn(i,1);
nod2 = conn(i,2);
% Strain, ex = dN/dx*u
ex(i) = 1/le*[-1 1]*[U(nod1) U(nod2)]';
% Stress, sx = E*ex
sx = E*ex;
end

Problem 2.5
MATLAB® code:

% INPUT (PREPROCESSING)
clear; clc;
% Material properties
E = 200000; % Young's Modulus
% Geometry
L = 750; % bar's length
A = 63.617; % bar cross section’s area
% number of elements
nel = 2;
% element's length
le = L/nel;
% number of nodes
nnod = 2*nel + 1;
% nodal coordinates
for i = 1:nnod
coord(i) = (i-1)*0.5*le;
end
% connectivity
for i = 1:nel
conn(i,:) = [(2*i-1),(2*i),(2*i+1)];
end
% Boundary conditions [node desp-value]
bc = [1 0];

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 SOLUTIONS MANUAL for
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS® 2nd Edition

% Applied forces [node force-vale]

nf = [nnod 100000];

% PROCESSING
% Global arrays
K = zeros(nnod,nnod);
F = zeros(nnod,1);
U = zeros(nnod,1);
% Assign the applied load
F(nf(1,1)) = nf(1,2);
% Assign the known displacement
U(bc(1,1)) = bc(1,2);
% Loop over the elements
for i = 1:nel
% connectivity of the element
nod1 = conn(i,1);
nod2 = conn(i,2);
nod3 = conn(i,3);
% stiffness matrix of the element
ke = E*A/(3*le)*[7 -8 1; -8 16 -8; 1 -8 7];
% Assembling of the global matrix
K(nod1:nod3,nod1:nod3) = K(nod1:nod3,nod1:nod3) + ke;
end
% Removing the data for the known nodes
K(bc(1,1),:) = [];
K(:,bc(1,1)) = [];
% Solving for the unknown nodes
U(2:nnod,1) = inv(K)*F(2:nnod,1);

% Strain and Stress (at the mid point of the element)

for i = 1:nel
% connectivity of the element
nod1 = conn(i,1);
nod2 = conn(i,2);
nod3 = conn(i,3);
x = coord(nod2);
% Strain, ex = dN/dx*u
ex(i) = 1/le^2*[(4*x - 3*le) (-8*x + 4*le) (4*x - le)]*[U(nod1) U(nod2) U(nod3)]';
% Stress, sx = E*ex
sx = E*ex;
end

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