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    11 views147 pages

    PDF Town Planning Hiraskar - Compress

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    of 147
    FUNDAMENTALS OF TOWN PLANNING DHANPAT RAI PUBLICATIONS Contents chapeer 1 eH aos ww Iniroduction Growth of Towns, History of Town Planning in India Elements of City Plan ‘Surveys Zoning Housing Stums Parks and Playgrounds Public Buildings and Town Centres Industries Communication and Traffic Control) Urban Renewal and Replanning the Existing Towns Master Plan Planning Law and Legislation Village Planning Bibliopraphy Index Page 7 34 a 48 61 66 2 8 82 au 14 134 M41 143 Preface to the First Edition i ‘een living in hamlets, villages, towns and cities. Hyp, srs eine migra clap mee nich were once modest bave undergone sufficient changes due {0 advent of gy, other. a Jere onc .nd at present the needs have been multiplics to a large extent, a Tou efforts haveteen made from time totime atvarioustevels to sat ty the i somdtion, ‘yet these, in majority of the owns and cities are most deplorable as it perils ate peibien we been aggravated dae tothe worendoas growth of ban population all ove" Ws Cony hich has produced al sorts of evils such as overerowding, congestion, shortage of housings Bigh rise in lng coat encroachment of industries on residential units lack of utility services, inacequate recreating’ facilities. raffie problems and many more ta mention, aS a result that the living mS in the tgwns and cities are fast deieriorating 10 an alarming degree Hence large scale efforts are necessary to provide a healthy environment that would ensure, fuller, richer and happier life, There is thereCare an urgent need for a comprehensive planning of th. towns, with suitable measures of a long term nature. This poses a major problem and its solution calls for the active services of the Town Planners. Itis therefore necessary for them, in this difficu't task, to bave full understanding of the problems and thorough knowledge of the principles of Tow Planning, its Laws, Technique, Methodology and also Land Acquisition Acis as well as Valuation of the properties ete. In thisbook attempt has been made to bring outto the knowledge of the students, the tue concep! of Town Planning and its fundamentals in bold relief and at the same time to contain the full aspect: of the syllabi of various Indian Universities. Attempt has also been made to enlarge its scupe so a. f© make it useful to the Councillors, Local Bodies, Legislators, Civic Officials and Community Development Authorities. A farther noteworthy feature of this book is that it deals thoroughly with the Village Planning which will be found very valuable for those interested in Rural Development work, thereby makin; the book self-contained, up-to-date and complete in every sense. ‘The subject-matter is treated in a lucid manner and understood by even the Lay reader. Further em ‘Sketches and lay-outs Tis therefore ho} of Town Planning but also to every Presented in the form which could be easiy iphusis is given on sclf-explanatory and neatly dean ped that the bonk will be found useful not only for the studon ! alert citizen who has a civic sease anu spirit of local servicus it the improvement of his town. Thule this opportunity jwexpress my thanks toall those who gave me impelusand encouragemen in bringing out this book. 28ily, Lave to thank Sri O.. Kapur of Dhanpal Rai & Sons, Delhi for his hearty co-operatio: and for making every effort tobring ou I this publication to my entise satisfaction with decent printine and attractive got-up in a shor time, * = NTRODUCTION 1.1 Planning Age. Never in the history of man, planning has been so much in the forefront as itis, today. The whole world is now passing through the planning age. Withoot planning, nothing succeeds. So we have Defence Planning a! national level, Regional Planning, Urban and Rural Planning at state level so on and so forth to Family Planning at domestic level. Our India his SO far already implemented its Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90) for the development of the country in all its fields. 7 ‘ 4.2 Concept of Planning, Planning means pre-thinking and pre-arranging things before an event lakes place so as to achieve good resulis in health, convenience, comfort and happiness of all living beings. By careful planning, we can eradicate the mistakes of the past and be wiser in the future. _ 1.3 Concept of a Town & Town Planning. Town or city is a place of urban living. Urban means an environment in which natural surroundings have been dominated by artificial or man-made Surroundings, which man builds for himself — for hi | recrea citizenship, civic, civilised, denote the most advanced state of social organisation and beha that man has now attained, and it is against this background that the word ‘city” or ‘civic’ is understood, ~ ‘Town planning is considered as an art of shaping and guiding the physical growth of creating buildings and environments (o meet the various needs such as social, cultural, econ: recreational etc, and to provide healthy conditions for both rich and poor to live, to Work, and to play or relax, thus bringing about the social and economic well-being for the majority of mankind. Aristotle once said: “A city should be built to give its inhabitants security and happiness” while Plato describes it. as “a place Where men bad a common life for a noble end”. Though the term applies to planning of new towns, cities on virgin land, it also equally. takes into account their development, improvement of the existing towns and their extensions. —§-—~_ 14 Aims and Objectives of Town Planning. The planner betore taking up any planning work must have definite aims and objectives with regard to the town planning. whe a notes oreste, Pom, Planning Acts, the main objectives of the town, 7 Hemi, according 10 Whe TOT calth, Convenionce and Beauty, x ree words ¥ summarised ase and promote healityy condifions and environmen foy b dy) see = ye, work, to play orselat Strata, rie and 7 Nf the land forthe ight purpose by proper division of and ay (i To rake pM commercial industri Institutional and Recreational ete. in onde ny such 15 Resi mezoncupon oe forsmooth and orderly developmento’ the town orci enernachines . thy, caysing future conflicts. i ‘ th ee convenience is meant in the form of various ne, - The object af ¢: , Q coment ie ig, cultural and recreational amenities ete. Pus ccomnanunity ae per upkeop of the citizens include water supply, Sanitation, eleci ig, i teu s ore nik for indusiria, commercial, business enterprises to exc, Shon een cheap power, transport services, drainage et. bee, sdonal amenities include opem Spaces, parks, gardens and ploygrounds, for chide teas ‘tadiums, community cemres, cinema ROUSES, theatres for adults, eh 6 ead (i) To preserve the individuatity of the town by developing it on is moa, atural conditions. (ii) To preserve the asthetics in the design of all elements of town or ily plan, which itg preservation of ices, natural greenery, improved types of domestic buildings and buildings oto. architectural conizol on public 2s well as semi-public buildings, wea, ity and beauty, 3 aioe! buildings, temples, churches, mosques and buildings of cultural and “Hypa imponance, 1.5 Principles of Towa Planaing. The main principles of Town Pl (a) There should be no haphazard (Iaisse7 faire) method in planning process {b) Housing accommodation to variaus classes of people should be allowed to develop slums are existing, they should be pulled down by making some alternate arrangemety accommodation in transit camps for disboused persons. (©) Civic amenities like shopping centres, dispensaries, schools, nursery etc. should b provided 10 all the residents. (d) Adequate apen spaces should be reserved for public recreation centres and also for uu: expansion of the town, © Het -publicbuildings should be grouped and distributed neatly throught: oO me ee of zoning should be strictly followed. The town should be divided intosait Ee ch as residential zone, commercial zones, industrial zone and recrealiot The growth o i © ee dsb should be controlled by the provision of green belt, whi? 5” eae is a Found the town of eily reserved for special purpose of lime 'y- Ii primarily meant for intensive cultivation of vegetables, 8 # Janning. are as below: pwrosction 3 industry like poultry farms, deirics ete, Wats - parks. playgrounds and picnic spow ete Thane vides sites for recreational amenities like formation of slums, At least it keeps its g Most of the evils of urban planning lie in the . saibe population The remedy lies in limiting ite ey teippreven\ urbanisation Peyon¥itsouterperiphe Feri. Itihstetore prohibits conurbation (con = tinuous growth. The main purpose of green belt fy and alsoratlow for extension dusing emergency fogether and urb= city) Le. linking upof urban areas. The iouch stone of whal constitutes planning is the mater of pro ofseveral unitsto make a harmonious whole, The words of Aristotle, a city planning may be quoted here “A city should be buill to gi happiness”. Tomake the lown a pleasan{ place of fiving, the auihorit Unity in Diversity; Nip in the bud; Prevention is beter Convenience und Beauly are its waichwords ve its inhabitants security and lies of the town should follow these dicta: than cure are its calchwords. Health, 16 Necessity of Town Planning, The ‘Industria! Revolution’ that took place im 1760-1820 is important epoch in the history of growth of towns and cities, No country is free from the gall aultiple crises of our tine, due to over-crowding in the owas and city areas in particula resulted in the haphazard (faissez jaire) development, chaos and disorder in the town. ‘Some of the evils from which the town suffers in ahsence of towa-plana lar. Thi some ¢ are a3 below (J) The suburban spraw! has entirely engulfed every town and city. The life inside the fawn often seems to clase Lo being snuffed wut completely. The people therefore have to go far off in the country - side 10 get open air. breeze. FS = (2) The people will have to take long uncomfortab ie journey from place of residence to the place of work: As such there is waste of time, money and energy. a ~~ G) Every road has become highway, increasing the traffic conges|ion, resulting in accidents. (4) Noisy tsaffic has ulmost disturbed the peace of the city dwellers. ide {5) indiscriminate siting of industries in the heart of the city has resulted in producing smoke, dangerous gas, bad smell, etc, Improper disposal of industrial waste has caused pollution of Water, areic. = (6) Increased industrial population has given rise to the formation of squatter seWements, slums ete = ~ (7) Insufficient open spaces, parks, playgrounds have caused unhealthy conditions of tiving. (8) Lack of public a ry etc, {In short the presemt picture is gloomy and dull. We have therefore (o put tremendous efforis f ihe proper shaping of owns creating buildings to meet the various needs such as social, cultural, économie and recreational thus bringing general wellace of the majority of mankind. Winston Charehill once said: “We shape our buildings and then our buildings shapes”, The buildings shoutd bebuill in good envircament which will influcace to build up of good character, civic consciousness ind elvic idecs or the making of good citizen and citizenship. Good environment 1s essentiat for the nities such as wales supply, desinage, sinitation, electri Toon ay, 4 i ‘ ill collectively contribute to the we} they in (rn Wi : . 3 fara quoles 5 Sura Mars pan ees IY for te Y ing af towens is IN bein, 2 of iy, t e you are pinning for a hundred years, pane aS at that the planning és not done for a period of mig eB, resulted in heavy liabilities. To avoig these se, jt plow ict OE TOGA Tsering 8 AS fai th oe ie gach apt from Buen repre a comprehensive pian ng taking into account» yet Foond extremely sy gevetopinent of towns and country asa whole. ibe “years for an avera -work, Even as recently in the beginning of the 20th eg 11 Town Plann wr rnely by evil enginecrs architects whe pad atonin oni on Puma ms in nd wt ty ange or the city. 1 cam of ina :

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