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1) What do you think is the main argument of Constantino? Do you feel Constantino has high regards to Rizal?

Constantino's main argument is that a lot of Filipinos venerate Jose Rizal without truly understanding his
revolutionary ideas and their implications. Even though he's known as the Philippine's national hero, his actual
political and social views that called for significant reforms and change are not really appreciated and studied more. I
think instead of a high regard, Constantino has taken more of a critical stance. He still acknowledges Rizal and his
life's importance in Philippine history but he is critical about the fact that Rizal has been idolized by many Filipinos
without actually having a deep understanding of his revolutionary ideas and their potential implications to lead to
genuine social and political reforms in the Philippines.

2) Filipinos venerate Jose Rizal without truly understanding him according to Constantino. Would you agree? Can cite
examples of an unexamined adoration.

Yes, I agree that there is still a need for Filipinos to have a more critical understanding of Rizal's ideas and his
true significance lies in his advocacy for political and social reforms. An example of an unexamined adoration is the
Celebration of Rizal Day which is a significant event in the Philippines, however Constantino suggests that
celebrating that day focuses more on commemoration rather than making more critical examination of Rizal's ideas,
their true purposes, implications, and their relevance to contemporary issues. Another example is the Rizal Law that
Constantino criticizes as he argues that this study about Rizal's life and works often presents a non-controversial
version of Rizal that focuses more on his personal virtues rather than his radical ideas and advocacy for reforms.

3) In the section "Innovation and Change", Constantino noted the commercial change and improvements in
infrastructure which led the Philippines away from a Spain medieval mindset. What were the greatest needs for
change in infrastructure that need to be addressed in this time of the Philippines? Constantino also noted the class
divisions that took place between the Indio and mestizo during the last third of the 19th century. What class divisions
are evident in Philippine culture today? How do these divisions need to be addressed?

I think there are many infrastructures in this time of the Philippines that need changes, like transportation, public
transportation needs to be enhanced and expanded. Maintenance and Expansions of roads and bridges are also
needed changes to be able to accommodate continuously increasing vehicle numbers and also to improve
connectivity of regions. Several airports and seaports also needed expansion and modernization to expand its
capacity and to better facilitate international trade. Access to high-speed internet should also be expanded especially
in rural areas. I think the class divisions that are evident in Philippine culture today is Economic class where there are
wealth disparities between the Filipinos. One of the ways that it can be addressed are infrastructure development, by
investing in infrastructure projects that create jobs and cause economic growth.

4) What Filipino(s), famous or not - would you list that epitomizes the best Filipino hero? Please illustrate from their
lives what causes you to make this choice/ these choices.

One of the many Filipinos that I would list that epitomizes the best Filipino hero is the military leader during the
Philippine - American war, General Antonio Luna. His military strategies and his unwavering commitment to the fight
for independence are one of the things that I admire about him as it showcased his determination and courage for the
country's and the people's independence.