How to understand examples in this book:

Here is an example takes about modulation from C minor scale to F# major scale:

In our examples we always start with the tonic chord to hear the tonality first.

We use three colors in our examples (sometimes four colors).

Color 1 is for key 1 ( C minor in this example)

Color 2 is for Key 2 ( F# major in this example)

The pivot chord is in red ( on the score)

The pivot chord has two different functions:

 Function 1 on key 1 (V7 in C minor) and is on color 1.

 Function 2 on key 2 (SubV7 in C minor) and is on color 2.

Chord names is always in black because chord names have the same names in all keys but with different
function (Cm - Dm7b5 - G7 - Dm7b5)
Here is an explanation of the pivot chord:

It means the chord G7 is the dominant of Key 1 (C Minor) and also the triton substitution in Key 2 (F#
major) and we can use it to move from C Minor scale to F# Major scale.