100 Rules of English Grammar by Tania Mam

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100 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR
RULE 1 - Parallelism
Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are
grammatically the same or similar in their construction, sound and
meaning.
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EXAMPLE:
While you played the video game, your wife were washing the
clothes.
a) did play
b) playing
c) play
d) were playing
e) No correction is required

RULE 2 - Zero conditional sentences
In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple
present. Zero conditional is used to express an action that always happens.
EXAMPLES:
•If you heat water, it boils.
•When you press the button, the doorbell rings.

RULE 3 – TYPE 1 conditional sentences
Simple present tense in if clause and simple future tense in the main clause.
EXAMPLE:
If I win the lottery I would buy a new car
a) No correction is needed
b) will buy
c) would have to buy
d) Would be buying
e) will be buying

we use (would +infinitive) in the main clause and the past tense in the subordinate
clause(hypothetical part).
To make a sentence in the second conditional, we use,

If + past simple, would/wouldn’t + verb.
•If I lived in a big city, I would go out more often.
•If I lived in a big city, I wouldn’t need a car.

We use (had +past participle) in if clause and (would +have +v3) in the main clause.
If we had known you were sick, we will visit you in the hospital
a) would visit
b) were visiting
c) would have visited
d) would be visited
e) No correction is required SUBSCRIBE TO JK EXAM CRACKER.
RULE 6- Adverb of time (always, never, ever, hardly, often, seldom etc) are used
before the verbs that they modify.But if these come at the beginning of a sentence
or if a sentence is introduced by an adverb, the sentence takes inversion form
which means the verb/helping verb comes at the beginning of the sentence.
•Seldom she goes there. ❌

•Seldom does she go there.✔
•Hardly sheetal had reached the station when the train arrived. ❌
•Hardly had sheetal reached the station when the train arrived. ✔

EXAMPLE:
Hardly she had entered the building (a)/ when the security
guard called and (b)/ informed her that she had left her (c)/
car door open in the parking lot (d)/ No error.(e)

RULE 7- Adverbs of past time like yesterday , ago, last year/month, short while ago
etc can't be used with present perfect tense, it must be used with simple past
tense.
Question asked in IBPS PO 2018

Q. I have seen Mr. Manoj in the Downtown Manhattan on my way to
Newyork cafe yesterday, but I cast my eyes down and looked the
other way
a) had seen
b) had been seen
c) saw
d) see
e) No correction is required
RULE 8- Hyphenated noun does not have plural form.
Example –
•He gave me five hundred - rupees notes. ❌
•He gave me five hundred - rupee notes.✔
Q. A five-years old national law in Russia is supposed to

safeguard the employment rights of people with HIV
a) five - year olds national law
b) five-year old national law
c) five - year's old national law
d) five-years' old national law SUBSCRIBE TO JK EXAM CRACKER.
RULE 9-
Each other – for two persons
One another – for more than two
Example:
• The two sisters shouted at one another in public.
• Zeenat and Zaheer love each other.

RULE 10-
"As..........as" is used for comparison but in positive and negative (both) manner.
"so.........as" only in negative sense.
Examples:
• He is as good as she at English.
• He is not as good as you.
• He is so good as you.
• He is not so good as you.


RULE 11- All the adjectives referring to the same noun must be in the
same degree of comparison.
•He is the most handsome and wiser student of the class.

•He is the most handsome and wisest student of the class.

RULE 12- Adjectives like “unique, ideal, perfect, complete, universal,
entire, extreme, chief, do not admit the comparative degrees because
they represent their superlative degree themselves.
•He is the most perfect boy.

•He is the perfect boy.
•It is the most complete assignment.
•It is the complete assignment.

RULE 13- Dozen, Score, Hundred, Thousand, Score, Gross If they are used after digits,
they are in the form of Singular Number, if they are used immediately after an
indefinite number in the form of Plural Number.
Example-
•I have bought four dozen eggs.
•I have bought dozens of eggs.

RULE 14- Theuse of two or three persons in the same sentence, firstly,
the second person then the third person and finally the first person.
•You, he and I are brother.

•You and I can do this work

RULE 15- ‘One of, each of, none of,’ are always followed by nouns in the
plural form.
Incorrect: One of the player was not on the field.

Correct: One of the players was not on the field.
Incorrect: Each of the student was given two books.
Correct: Each of the students was given two books

RULE 16- Prepositions are not used with words uptown, downtown, outside,
inside, downstairs and upstairs.
•Incorrect: Grandpa went to upstairs a few minutes ago.

•Correct: Grandpa went upstairs a few minutes ago.
•Incorrect: You must go to outside immediately.
•Correct: You must go outside immediately.

RULE 17-
If two actions are shown to happen in the past, the action that
happened first uses past perfect whereas the action that
happened later uses simple past.
Incorrect: By the time we reached there, he left the

place.
Correct: By the time we reached there, he had left
the place.

RULE 18- We must never use ‘not’ along with ‘until’ and ‘unless’.
•Incorrect: The workers will not leave the building until their
demands are not met.
•Correct: The workers will not leave the building until their
demands are met.

RULE 19- Some nouns always take a singular verb. Scenery, advice, information,
machinery, stationery, furniture, abuse, fuel, rice, gram, issue, bedding, repair,
news, mischief, poetry, business, economics, physics, mathematics, classic, ethics,
athletics, innings, gallows.
(A)The scenery of Kashmir are enchanting. (Correct use- is)

(B) He has given advices. (Correct use- advice)


RULE-21: When two or more singular nouns are connected by ‘either

or’; ‘neither nor’, ; and ‘or’, the pronoun used is singular.
•Either Rohan or Sohan will give their bike. (Incorrect)

•Either Rohan or sohan will give his book. (Correct)

RULE-22: ‘Some’ is used in affirmative sentences to express

quantity or degree. ‘Any’ is uses in negative or interrogative
sentences.
•I shall buy some apples.
•I shall not buy any apples.

RULE-23: Normally ‘than’ is used in the comparative degree,

but with words like superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior,
anterior, posterior and prefer ‘to’ is used.
•Sara is junior than Neeta. (Incorrect)

•Sara is junior to Neeta. (Correct)
•I prefer reading than walking. (Incorrect)

•I prefer reading to walking. (Correct)
RULE-24: When ‘as well as’, ‘along with’, together with’, ‘no
less than’, ‘in addition to’ and ‘not’ and ‘with’ join two
subjects, the verb will be used according to the first
subject.
•Ram, as well as his five friends, are going. (Incorrect)

•Ram, as well as his five friends, is going. (Correct)

RULE-25: Either or neither are always used in relation to two

things or two persons, for more than two ‘ANY’, or ‘NONE’
must be used.
•Either of the two girls can pay for it.

•Neither of the two brothers has been selected.
•Any one of the employees can claim it.
•None of the students of this class has passed.

RULE-26: ‘Lest’ must be followed by ‘should’.
•Read regularly lest you will fail. (Incorrect)

•Read regularly lest you should fail. (Correct)
•Run with care lest you should fall.

RULE-27: USE OF INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.

RULE-28: After let, if a pronoun is used, that noun must be in

the Objective Case.
•Let he do it
•Let him do it.

RULE-29:
Say/suggest/propose/speak/reply/explain/listen/write is
always followed by to.
•I suggest you take some rest.

•I suggest you to take some rest.

RULE-30: Verb used after “about, after, at, before, for, in on”
must be in V+ing form.
•He will meet his parents before leave for France.

•He will meet his parents before leaving for France.


RULE-31: “Both” and “not” cannot be used together.
•Both Ram and Shyam are not going to visit this place.
[Incorrect]
•Neither Ram nor Shyam is going to visit this place.
[Correct]

RULE-32: Usage of WHO & WHOM

RULE-33: Prepositions of Time: “ Since” and “For”.

RULE-34: Whenever we use normal places like school,

college, church, bed, table, hospital, market, prison, jail,
court, temple, mosque, university etc. for primary purpose
(for which they are being made), the article “The” is not
used before them. But when these places are used for
secondary purpose, the article “The” is used before them.
•Children go to school every day. [Primary purpose]

•He goes to temple. [Primary purpose]
•The temple next to your house is very big. [Secondary purpose]
RULE-35: There are certain words which are always

followed by an object: enjoy, avail, absent, pride, adjust,
reconcile, acquit, amuse, hurt, cheat, resign, avenge, exert,
apply, adapt, etc. When these words are not followed by an
object in the sentence, we use the reflexive pronouns as
their object.

RULE-36: Certain words like “separation, excuse, mention,

favour, pardon, leave, report, sight, etc.” do not take
Possessive case before them.
•I want your favour.

•I want favour from you.

RULE-37: The use of Adverb “as”:

•“as” can be used as an adverb with these given words –
“treat, define, regard, describe, respect,depict, portray,
view, know, etc.”
•However, “as” cannot be used as an adverb with these two

words – “elect, name, think, consider, call, make, choose,
appoint, etc.”

RULE-38: There are certain verbs which do not exist in

“ -ing ” form.
•feeling: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish

•senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste
•communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, promise, satisfy,
surprise
•thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember,
understand
•other states: be, belong, concern, depend, involve, matter, need, owe,
own, possess SUBSCRIBE TO JK EXAM CRACKER.

RULE-39: There are certain words which are always used in

Perfect Tense:
“ever, never, yet, already, now, just now, until, now, always,
occasionally, often, lately, recently, so far, upto now, upto
the present”
•I have not spoken to her yet.

•The concert had already begun by the time we
arrived.
RULE-40: Few vs Little

RULE-40: Few vs Little

RULE-41: Apostrophe (‘s) is not used with non-living things.
•Table’s legs. [Incorrect]

•Pen’s ink. [Incorrect]
When we talk about time, weight,distance,place, idiom,

unit, personification, or heavenly body, we can use
Apostrophe (‘s) with them.
Examples:- One week’s vacation. [Correct]
Four dollars’ worth. [Correct] SUBSCRIBE TO JK EXAM CRACKER.
RULE-42: Difference between “Each” and “Every”
1. They are always followed by a singular verb.
2. Every is used with abstract nouns.

• They have every reason to be satisfied.
• Every weakness is noticed.
• Every skill is precious. SUBSCRIBE TO JK EXAM CRACKER.
RULE-43: A and An: Know the Difference

1. Using A or An Before Acronyms
•an MBA (first sound is em)
•a GRE (first sound is gee)
•an NFL coach (first sound is en)
•a DOJ employee (first sound is dee)
2. an honor (first sound is ah)

an heir (first sound is eh)
an hourglass (first sound is ow) SUBSCRIBE TO JK EXAM CRACKER.
RULE-43: A and An
3. Words That Make a You 4. Words That Make a W

Sound Sound
•a European trip •It was a one-time thing.
•a union •It’s a once-in-a-lifetime
•a URL opportunity.
•a unicorn •We had a one-on-one
•a eulogy meeting.
RULE-44: USE OF VERY AND MUCH
VERY MUCH
1. Positive degree 1. Comparative degree
2. Present participle 2. Past participle
3. Superlative Degree 3. Superlative Degree

RULE-45: Are collective nouns
singular or plural?
Use a singular verb when the Use a plural verb when the
members of the group are members of the group are
acting together as a unit. acting as individuals.
•The family is driving across the •The family are each doing a
country this summer. different chore.
•The couple eats out once a •The couple are taking separate
month. cars to work today.
•The jury has reached a decision. •The jury were allowed to go
home to their families each day.
RULE-46: If two subjects are connected by the words "or,"
"nor," "neither/nor," "either/or," or "not only/but also", we
use the verb according to the nearest subject.
1. Not only the teachers but also the Principal is/are happy.
2. Neither the lion nor the bears has/have escaped from the
zoo.

RULE-47: Structure:
•More than one + singular noun + singular verb
•Many a + singular noun + singular verb
•A great many + plural noun + plural verb
•A good many + plural noun + plural verb
1. More than one student is present today.

2. A great many students are present today.
3. Many a student is present today.
RULE-48: Objective Case of the pronoun comes after the
Preposition.

RULE-48: We must not use 'back' after the following
words:
Recede, Return, Retract, Retreat, Withdraw, Recall,
Reimburse.
1. He did not return back my watch.
2. The water of the river receded back after the
flood.

RULE-49: We must not use 'again' after the following
words:
Repeat, Recapitulate, Recall, Reborn, Rebuilt.
1. I recapitulated the lessons again before taking the

exam.
2. Ram was reborn again as Krishna in the Dwapar
yug.
RULE-50: Two Comparative or two Superlative
Degrees cannot come together as the sentence will
become superfluous.
1. He is more faster than his brother.

2. This is the most best example of evolution.


RULE-51: Use of the prepositions
IN VS INTO
•The preposition “in” implies “static”. Whenever
something referred is already inside, we use “in”.
•The preposition “into” implies “coming toward
something”.

RULE-52: Whenever the word “know” is used in a
sentence, it is not directly followed by the infinitive
“to”. We use the words like “how, when, why, where,
etc.” to make the sentence grammatically feasible.
•I don't know to make tea.

RULE-53: There are certain words which always follow “To + V1+ing”
form:-
(1)be + used + to + V1+ing
(2)accustomed to + V1+ing
(3)addicted to + V1+ing
(4)with a view to + V1+ing
(5)look forward to + V1+ing
(6)given to + V1+ing
(7)prone to + V1+ing
(8)devoted to + V1+ing
(9)in addition to + V1+ing
(10)confess to SUBSCRIBE TO JK EXAM CRACKER.
RULE-54: Usage of definite ARTICLE “The”:
1. Series of Mountains, Bays/Gulfs,Group of islands, Canals,
Aeroplanes, Ships, Planes, Religious books, Government
branches, Armed forces, Names of Deserts,Political parties,
Musical instrument, Rivers, Oceans, Seas, and things which
are “unique” in themselves:
*** Names of mountain ranges are preceded by article

“THE” but mountains peaks are never preceded by article
“the”
2. Names of Newspaper
The Times of India.
The Hindu.
3. Names of Countries (Only the ones which are written in

Abbreviated forms)
The UAE.
The USSR.
4. Superlative Degree:
5. Comparative Degree: “The” is used in two cases:
•The higher you go, the cooler it is.

•The more sugar you put in the dish, the sweeter it
is.
•She is the poorer of the two women

6. ‘The’ is mandatory before a thing which is
only one of a kind in the universe.
Examples:- The moon is shining tonight.
The earth is moving around the sun.
7. He is the Mahatma Gandhi of our class.

Ravi is the Virat kohli of our team.
RULE 55: Use of “the + Adjective”: Whenever
the article “the” is used before an adjective, it
determines the whole group.

RULE 56: Whenever same nouns are connected
by preposition, in that case we use both the
nouns in singular form.

RULE 57: QUESTION TAG

RULE 58: Use of the Prepositions “in, on, and
at”:

RULE 59: The word “good” is always followed
by the preposition “at”.
Examples:-
•She is very good at geography.
•Rohan is good at football.

RULE 60: Use of “Until” and “Unless”:
Until – Time Oriented
Unless – Action Oriented
•Wait for me unless/until sunset

•You can not pass unless/until you study hard.
•I was up unless/until three o'clock

RULE 61: its vs it’s
•The child is carrying it’s book. [Incorrect]
•The child is carrying its book. [Correct]
•Its called a miracle. [Incorrect]

•It’s called a miracle. [Correct]

RULE 62: ANGRY WITH: pertains to a person.
ANGRY AT: depicts irritation towards a non-living
thing.
•“They’re so angry with their son’s teacher, he was

not being fair.”
•“I’m so angry with you! Why would you do that?”
•“She was so angry at her car’s weird features.”
RULE 63: USE OF ‘WITH’ AND ‘BY’.

RULE 64: We do not use the preposition “from” with
the word “start”.
My exams start from Monday. [Incorrect] .
My exams start on Monday. [Correct]

RULE 65:
too much – we use “too much” as an Adjective.
much too – we use “much too” as an Adverb.

RULE 66: Usage of “too”, “as well” and “also”:

RULE 67: “too” and “so”

RULE 68: Difference between “Beside” and “Besides”

RULE 69: Certain words like “friendly, miserly,
cowardly, monthly, yearly, weekly, manly, orderly,
etc.” are adjectives

RULE 70: MPT order of ADVERBS

RULE71: “Between” is always followed by “and” and
not “to”.
He will distribute these sweets between 4 pm
to 5 pm.

RULE 72: Use of “fewer” and “less”

RULE 73: Difference between “Elder” and “Older”

RULE 74: Difference between “Later” and “Latter”

RULE 75: do not put apostrophe (‘s) with a plural
noun.
Government girls’s school.

Government girls’ school.

RULE 76:
•A number of/A large number of/A great
number of: plural noun & plural verb
•The number of: plural noun & singular

verb

RULE 77: size - shape - age - colour - emotion
nationality - material – NOUN
The police arrested a twenty two year - old

black American Negro.

RULE 78: CONJUNCTIONS
•Though Yet/, •Else but
•Although Yet/, •Other/Rather than
•No sooner than •Such that
•Hardly/Scarcely when •Whether or
•As as •The same that
•So as •Both and
•Lest should •Not only but also
•Too to •Between and
•So that •From to
1) Though he worked hard but he failed.
2) Though he worked hard yet he failed.
3) He is both intelligent as well as industrious.
4) He is both intelligent and industrious.
5) The party is between 7 p.m and 9 p.m.
6) The party is from 7 p.m to 9 p.m.
7) I have no other aim but to succeed in life.
8) I have no other aim than to succeed in life
9) He asked me whether I was coming or not.

RULE 79:
No sooner .................. than
Hardly ....................... when
Scarcely .................... When
•No sooner did he see me when he ran away.
•No Sooner had the thief seen the police then he ran
away.
•Hardly I saw him when I stopped my car.

RULE 80:
On time
In time
1. We reach the examination centre in time.
2. The examination starts on time.
3. We thought that the train would be late but it
arrived exactly in/on time.

RULE 81: Stress, emphasise, investigate, comprise,
accompany, consider, violate, pervade, precede,
succeed, invade, resist, enter, eschew, direct, join,
sign, affect, ensure, board, discuss, describe, reach,
order, tell, demand, attack, control, resemble,
ridicule.
NO PREPOSITION IS USED IN ACTIVE VOICE.

1. The teacher emphasised on the need of
discipline in life.
2. I have ordered for a cup of tea.
3. I shall discuss about the problem with you.
4. He described about the incident in his story.

RULE 82: NO PREPOSITION WITH - advise, tell,
ask, beg, command, encourage, request,
inform, order.

RULE 83: If the subject consists of multiple nouns
joined by the conjunction and, treat the subject as
plural and use the plural form of the verb.
Lucas and Maxine are in love!
However, some common phrases that form a single

unit can act as singular.
This bed and breakfast is delightful!
RULE 84: The possessive of the pronoun ‘one’ is
‘one’s’ and not ‘his/their’.
Incorrect: One must do his duty towards humanity.

Correct: One must do one’s duty towards humanity.

RULE 85: In case of comparisons, the subject of a sentence
must be compared with another subject or a subjective
pronoun. An objective pronoun must not be compared with
the subject of a sentence.
Incorrect: Janis is taller than me.

Correct: Janis is taller than I.
Incorrect: Devika is as honest as him.
Correct: Devika is as honest as he.
RULE 86: We must not use the article a/an after kind
of, sort of, type of etc.
Incorrect: What sort of an animal is that?

Correct: What sort of animal is that?
Incorrect: Shark is a type of a fish.
Correct: Shark is a type of fish.

RULE 87: When the Subject of the Verb is a Relative
Pronoun care should be taken to see that the Verb agrees in
Number and Person with the Antecedent of the relative.
Incorrect- I, who is your friend, . will guard you,r

interests.
Correct- I, who am your friend will guard your
interests.
RULE 88: After let, bid, behold, watch, see, feel,
make etc. we use Bare-Infinitive and not To-
infinitive.
Incorrect- I heard him to speak on several

subjects.
Correct- I heard him speak on several subjects.

RULE 89: Every Participile must have a Subject of
Reference.
Incorrect- Being a rainy day Vijay decided to

stay at home.
Correct- It being a rainy day Vijay decided to
stay at home.
RULE 90: A Past Tense in the main clause should be
followed by a Past Tense in the subordinate clause.
Incorrect- He succeeded because he works hard.

Correct- He succeeded because he worked hard.

RULE 91:
Advice: guidance.
Advise: to suggest; to recommend.

RULE 92: ‘Fast, straight, outright, direct, hard, late’, ‘high’,
‘safe’, quiet are both adjective and adverb.
•He works hard.
•This is a hard task.
•He wakes up early.
•He came by an early flight.
•Do not talk loud.
•We should not speak in a loud tone.
•Run fast. He is a fast runner.
RULE 93:
'Seldom or never', 'seldom if ever', 'little or nothing',

'little if anything'

RULE 94: with Verbs of sensation (Taste, Smell, Feel,
Appear, Seem, Sound, Look) adverbs are not used.

RULE 95: the list of verb and preposition
combination with “Of”:
Accuse of, Approve of, Aware of, Bilk out of,
Composed of, Consist of, Convict of, Deprived of,
Despair of, Devoid of, Disapprove of, Dream of,
Fond of, Get rid of, Get tired of, Hear of, Hope of,
Irrespective of, Remind of, Short of, Suspect of,
,Think of. Proud of, worthy of, avail of etc.

RULE 96:
•The secretary and treasurer was present there.
•The secretary and the treasurer were present there.

RULE 97:
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
Doubt————— if/whether
Doubtful————— if/whether
NEGATIVE / INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

Doubt————— that
Doubtful————— that
RULE 98: ‘Either ...... or’, ‘neither ..... nor’, ‘both .....
and’,‘not only ...... but also’, ‘though .... yet’,
‘whether...or’

RULE 99: Words like ‘quantity’ and ‘number’ are not
used with ‘little’ or ‘few’, instead use ‘ small’.
Little quantity of food was wasted.

Small quantity of food was wasted.

RULE 100:
Which vs. that:
In a restrictive clause, use that.
In a nonrestrictive clause, use which.
•The song that you performed right before

intermission is my favorite.
•These pairs of pants, which no longer fit me, should
be given away. SUBSCRIBE TO JK EXAM CRACKER.

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To make a sentence in the second conditional, we use,

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•Seldom she goes there. ❌

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Question asked in IBPS PO 2018

Q. A five-years old national law in Russia is supposed to

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•He is the most handsome and wiser student of the class.

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•He is the most perfect boy.

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•You, he and I are brother.

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Incorrect: One of the player was not on the field.

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•Incorrect: Grandpa went to upstairs a few minutes ago.

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Incorrect: By the time we reached there, he left the

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(A)The scenery of Kashmir are enchanting. (Correct use- is)

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RULE-21: When two or more singular nouns are connected by ‘either

•Either Rohan or Sohan will give their bike. (Incorrect)

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RULE-22: ‘Some’ is used in affirmative sentences to express

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RULE-23: Normally ‘than’ is used in the comparative degree,

•Sara is junior than Neeta. (Incorrect)

•I prefer reading than walking. (Incorrect)

•Ram, as well as his five friends, are going. (Incorrect)

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RULE-25: Either or neither are always used in relation to two

•Either of the two girls can pay for it.

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RULE-26: ‘Lest’ must be followed by ‘should’.

•Read regularly lest you will fail. (Incorrect)

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RULE-27: USE OF INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.

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RULE-28: After let, if a pronoun is used, that noun must be in

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•I suggest you take some rest.

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•He will meet his parents before leave for France.

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RULE-31: “Both” and “not” cannot be used together.

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RULE-32: Usage of WHO & WHOM

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RULE-33: Prepositions of Time: “ Since” and “For”.