Sr.

Topic Hours
No.
1 Introduction to the Study of Torts 04
1. Introduction
2. Nature of Tort:
1. Definitions
2. Torts v/s Law of Crimes
3. Torts v/s Law of Contract
3. The Conventional Basis for Imposing Liability in Torts
1. Act and Omission
2. Mental Elements
 Intention
 Negligence
 Breach of Strict Duty
 No-fault Liability
3. Damage
 Injuria Sine Damnum
 Damnum Sine Injuria
4. Remedy
 Ubi Jus IbiRemedium
 Concept of Unliquidated Damages
4. Malfeasance, Misfeasance, Nonfeasance
5. Reception of the Law of Torts in India
6. Conclusion
2 The standing of a Person in Tort 03
1. Introduction
2. Locus Standi
1. Traditional Doctrine of Locus Standi in Private
Law Litigation
2. The Liberalisation of Locus Standi in Public Interest
 Litigation
 Private Legal Injury to Others
 Injury to Public Interest
 Injury to Public Interest with Specific Injury
3. Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster and Class Action
 General Observations
 Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Processing of Claims
Act, 1985
 CharanLalSahu v. Union of India, 1990 1 SCC
613
3. Limitations of Personal
2.3.1. Who Cannot Sue?
 Convict
 Alien Enemy
 Insolvent Person
 Husband & Wife
 Corporation
 Foreign State
2.3.2. Who Cannot Be Sued?
 Foreign Sovereigns
 Ambassadors
 Infants
 Lunatics
 Corporations
 Persons Having Parental or Quasi-Parental
Authority
 Trade Unions
 Married Women
4. Conclusion
3 Justification in Tort 04
3.1) Introduction
3.2) Volenti Non Fit Injurtuia
3.3) Plaintiffs Default
3.4) Mistake
3.5) Act of God /Vis Major
3.6) Necessity: Private and Public
3.7) Inevitable Accident
3.8) Private Defense
3.9) Statutory Authority
3.10) Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Acts
3.11) Parental and Quasi-Parental Authority
3.12) Acts causing slight harm
3.13) Doctrine of common employment
3.14) Consent and informed consent

4 Discharge of Torts 01
1. Introduction
2. ActioPersonalisMoritur Cum Persona
3. Waiver and Acquiescence
4. Release
5. Accord and Satisfaction
6. Statutes of Limitation
7. Conclusion
5 Vicarious Liability 04
5.1) Introduction
5.2) Justification for the Vicarious Liability
5.2.1. Ratification
5.2.2. Abetment
5.3) Special Relationships: Master and Servant, Principal and
 Agent, Partners
5.4) Course of Employment
5.4.1. Policy Factors
5.4.2. Test Based on Implied Authority

5.4.3. Distinction between 'Authorised Acts' and

'Unauthorised Modes'
5.4.4. Road Traffic Cases: Detour, Deviation, and Travel
To
and From Work
5.5) Contribution between Employer and Employee
5.6) Liability for the Torts of Independent Contractors
5.7) Liability of Parents for the Torts of Their Children
5.8) Liability of State for the Acts of Its Servants in India
5.8.1. General Observations
5.8.2. Legislative Provisions
5.8.3. Judicial Decisions
 Introduction
 Sovereign and Non-Sovereign Functions
 Pre-Constitutional Decisions
 Post-Constitutional Decisions
 Cases Involving Fundamental Rights
5.9) Uncertainty of Law
5.9.1. Need for Legislation
 Law Commission of India First Report: Liability of the
State in Tort
 Suggestions
5.10) Conclusions
6 Strict Liability: 02
6.1) Introduction
6.2) The Rule in Rylands v. Fletcher
 6.3) The Essentials of Liability
6.3.1. The Thing Must Be Brought On To the Defendant's
Land
6.3.2. Escape
6.4) Defences
6.4.1. Plaintiff's Consent
6.4.2. Plaintiff's Own Fault
6.4.3. Act of Third Party
6.4.4. Act of God
6.4.5. Statutory Authority
6.5) Rylands v. Fletcher and Nuisance
6.6) The Future of Strict Liability in General
6.6.1. M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, AIR 1987 SC 1086
6.6.2. Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India, AIR
1992 SC
248
6.6.3. Jai Laxmi Salt Works P Ltd. v. State of Gujarat, 1994
4 SCC 1
6.6.4. Rural Indian Council for Enviro-legal Action v.
Union of
India, AIR 1996 SC 1446
6.6.5. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
6.6.6. Conclusion
7 Remedies 04
7.1) Legal remedies -Judicial and Extrajudicial
 Judicial Remedies
 Damages: Kinds of Damages, Measures of Damages and
Remoteness of Damages
 Injunction: Kinds of Injunction
 Specific Restitution of Property
7.2) Extra-Judicial Remedies
  Self-Help
 Re-Entry on Land
 Re-Caption of Goods
 Abatement of Nuisance
 Distress Damage Feasant

8 Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 04

8.1) Introduction
8.1.1. Object of the Motor Vehicles Act
8.1.2. Offences, Penalties and Procedure
8.1.3. Forum of Law
8.1.5. Jurisdiction and Limitation
8.2) Liability Without Fault
8.2.1. Law Relating to Compensation to the Motor
Accident
Victims, Before and After 1956
8.2.2. Absolute Liability in Automobile Cases and the
Judicial
Pronouncements
8.3) Eighty Fifth Report of the Law Commission of India on
No-fault
Liability
8.4) Landmark cases