Software Project Management

Develop Team
 Recap
• Acquire Team
– Finding Team Members
– Asking Questions That Facilitate Resource Management
– Asking Questions That Facilitate Leadership Potential
– Behavioral Interview Questions: Finding a STAR
• Manage Team
– Leadership Models
– Situational Leadership® II Model
DEVELOP TEAM
Project Team Development Models
• A Project team is a group of people brought together
temporarily for a determined length of time for the purpose
of achieving a specific goal.

• Project teams move through different stages of

development. Understanding the stage of the team in its
development helps project managers support the project
team and its growth.

• The Project Team Development Models illustrate how project

teams move through different stages to become high‐
performing project teams.
 Tuckman's Model
• Tuckman's Model (a.k.a. Tuckman Ladder) is groundbreaking
work by Bruce W. Tuckman (Ph.D. in Psychology from
Princeton) on group dynamics that he published in 1965 and
later updated in 1977.

• Tuckman’s model has stood the test of time because it

remains highly relevant and beneficial.
– It has received recommendations and coverage from leading organizations including
Google, Harvard Business Review, IEEE, MIT, Fast Company, NASA, Microsoft, TNW,
Project Management Institute, Scrum Alliance, Scrum.org, Gartner, CIO, RAND
Corporation, Software Engineering Institute, Oxford University, American Management
Association, AT&T, IBM, and many others.
Five Stages of Team Development
Tuckman’s model provides five stages of team development:

Forming

Adjourning Storming

Performing Norming
 Forming
Team Member
• Introductions
Forming
• Team members uncertain about
roles and expectations.

Adjourning Storming
• Team members try to assess
themselves and others.
• What will you expect of me?
• Who are these people? Will we
get along?
Performing Norming • What will you contribute? Can I
trust you?
 Forming
Project Manager
Forming
• Provide structure to the team by
assigning and clarifying task/role
• Encourage participation
Adjourning Storming • Share all relevant information
• Encourage open, honest
communication among team
members.

Performing Norming
 Storming
Team Member
Forming
• Splintering into subgroups
• Struggling for power and control
• Resisting tasks and authority
Adjourning Storming
• Why are we doing this?
• What’s the point?
• Why are we doing it this way?

Performing Norming
• Why don't we do it that way?
 Storming
Project Manager
Forming
• Assist the team members to
establish methods that support
the communication of their
different points of view
Adjourning Storming
• Determine within the team how
the team will make decisions

Performing Norming
 Norming
Team Member
Forming
• Functional relationships are
established.
• Members work collaboratively to
Adjourning Storming
gain and share insight.
• How often will we meet?
• How do we resolve problems?
• How do we make decisions?
Performing Norming • How do we handle conflicts?
 Norming
Project Manager
Forming
• Facilitates and enables.

Adjourning Storming

Performing Norming
 Performing
Team Member
Forming
• Members have learned to work
together.
• The members are committed to
Adjourning Storming
the team and its goals.
• How can we improve this?
• Is there a better way?
• What more can we do?
Performing Norming • How can I help?
 Performing
Project Manager
Forming
• Manage task completion,
evaluate results
• Continue to look for ways to
Adjourning Storming
promote the team’s chances to
excel
• Acknowledge each member’s
contribution

Performing Norming
 Adjourning
Team Member
Forming
• Everyone can move on to new
things.
• What will I do now?
Adjourning Storming • What will it be like now?

Performing Norming
 Adjourning
Project Manager
Forming
• Complete team member
assessment reports.
• Acknowledges the contributions
Adjourning Storming
of individuals and the
accomplishments of the team
• Formally ends this team's
existence.

Performing Norming
 Making a Team
The transition from individual to team member rarely occurs at
the same time for any two people. It is, however, often
accompanied by several things:
• A belief that everyone is working toward a common goal.

• A feeling that the goal everyone is working toward is worthwhile.

• The creation of trust among members of the team.

• An acceptance of responsibility. Members realize that in order to

complete the project, everyone must contribute.

Your responsibility is to help this process along and lead them

in the right direction.
 Team Building Exercises
• The reason for any team building is to help the members
establish trust in one another and come out of their shells;

• You want to expedite the natural teambuilding process in

order to make the team more cohesive and get results faster.
 Team Building Exercises
• Activities involving collaboration
– Team Sports (Cricket, Soccer, etc)

– Outdoor Group Activities (Camping, Hiking, Paint

Ball, etc)
 Develop Team
• Project Team Development Models
– Understanding the stage of the team in its development helps project
managers support the project team and its growth.

• Tuckman's Model
– Provides five stages of team development: Forming, Storming, Norming,
Performing, Adjourning

• Making a Team
– The transition from individual to team member rarely occurs at the same
time for any two people.

• Team Building Exercises

– To help the members establish trust in one another and come out of their
shells.
 Related Performance Domains
Models, Methods, and Artifacts Performance Domain

Measurement
Dev Approach
and Life Cycle

Project Work
Stakeholders

Uncertainly
Planning

Delivery
Team
Type Title

Model Tuckman's Model (Tuckman Ladder)

 Summary
• Develop Team
– Project Team Development Models
– Tuckman's Model
– Team Building Exercises