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Hsslive-CS1 - FocusArea Notes - Mal
Hsslive-CS1 - FocusArea Notes - Mal
Hsslive-CS1 - FocusArea Notes - Mal
I¼}«À P\tdjëIÄ:
2 39 8 79 16 123
2 19 1 8 9 7 16 7 11 (B)
2 9 1 8 1 1 0 7
2 4 1 0 1
2 2 0
2 1 0
0 1
(39)10 = (100111)2 (79)10 = (117)8 (123)10 = (7B)16
ss_\dn þ sUknaÂ:
(100111)2 = 1 x 25 + 0 x 24 + 0 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 1 x 20
= 1 x 32 + 0 +0 +1x4 +1x2 +1x1
= 32 + 4 + 2 + 1 = (39)10
ss_\dn þ HÎÂ:
(1001101)2 = 001 001 101 (3 _näpIfpsS {Kq¸pIÄ Bçì)
421 421 421 (421 F¶ tImUv Ass¹ sN¿pì)
1 1 5 (1\v t\scbpÅ tImUnse A¡§Ä Iq«pì)
= (115)8
slIvkmsUkna þ ss_\dn:
(7B)16 = 7 B(12) (A¡§Ä¡v hne \ÂIn AIänsbgpXpì)
= 8421 8421 (8421 F¶ tImUv Ass¹ sN¿pì)
= 0111 1100 (UnPnäv In«m\mbn tImUnse ]cnKWnt¡
= (1111100)2 A¡§Ä¡v t\sc 1 CSpì)
kwJym {]Xn\n[m\ coXnIÄ: (i) ssk³ B³Uv amánä}Uv (ii) 1’s tImw¹nsaâv (iii) 2’s
tImw¹nsaâv.
DZm: –25 hnhn[ coXnIfnÂ:
25sâ ss_\dn cq]w 8 _nän 00011001
–25 ssk³ B³Uv amánä}Uv coXnbn 10011001 (MSB sb 1 B¡n amän)
–25 1’s tImw¹nsaâv coXnbn 11100110
(25sâ ss_\dnbnse 0¯n\v ]Icw 1Dw 1\v ]Icw 0hpw \ÂIn)
–25 2’s tImw¹nsaâv coXnbn 11100111
(–25sâ 1’s tImw¹nsaâv Bb 11100110 t\msSm¸w 1 Iq«n)
A£c {]Xn\n[m\w
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Hê A£cs¯ kqNn¸n
¡m³ 7 _näpIÄ D]tbmKn¨nêì. 8 _näpIfpsS asämê hIt`Zhpw Dmbnêì.
Unicode: 16
_näpIÄ D]tbmKn¨nê¶ bqWntImUn\v 65,536 A£c§sf
{]Xn\n[m\w sN¿m³ Ignbpì. temI¯pÅ an¡hmdpw FÃm `mjIfnsebpw
A£c§sf {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿m\mhpì.
_qfnb³ Hm¸tdjëIÄ: _qfnb³ aqey§fmb 0, 1 F¶o hneIfn sN¿p¶
{InbIfmWv Ch. OR (temPn¡Â AUnj³), AND (temPn¡Â aÄ«n¹nt¡j³) NOT
(temPn¡Â s\tKj³) F¶nhbmWv Cu Hm¸tdjëIÄ.
temPn¡Â tKäpIÄ:
switch tÌävsaâv
knâIvkv:
switch(expression)
{
case constant_1 : statement block 1;
break;
case constant_2 : statement block 2;
break;
:
:
case constant_n-1 : statement block n-1;
break;
default : statement block n;
}
while tÌävsaâv
CsXmê F³{Sn I¬t{SmÄUv eq¸v BWv. BZyw Inj³ sN¡v sN¿pIbpw AXv
{Sq Bbm eq¸v t_mUn FIvknI}«v sN¿s¸SpIbpw sN¿pw. Inj³ {Sq Bbncn
¶nSt¯mfw t_mUn {]hÀ¯n¨p sImtbncnçw.
knâIvkv:
initialisation;
while(test expression)
{
loop body;
updation;
}
for statement
CXpsamê F³{Sn I¬t{SmÄUv eq¸v BWv. C\njyssetkj³, sSÌv FIvkv{]j³,
A]vtUäv tÌävsaâv F¶nh H¶ns¨gpXpì. Inj³ {Sq Bbncnç¶nSt¯mfw
t_mUn {]hÀ¯n¨p sImtbncnçw.
knâIvkv:
for (initialisation; test expression; update statement)
{
loop body;
}
do...while statement
CsXmê FIvknäv I¬t{SmÄUv eq¸v BWv. ChnsS eq¸v t_mUn FIvknI}«v sN¿
s¸«Xnëtijsa Inj³ sN¡v sN¿pIbpÅq. Inj³ {Sq Bbncnç¶nSt¯m
fw t_mUn {]hÀ¯n¨p sImtbncnçw.
knâIvkv:
initialisation;
do
{
loop body;
updatio;
} while(test expression);
break continue
switcht\mSpw eq¸nt\mSpsam¸w eq¸nt\msSm¸w am{Xw D]tbmKnçì.
D]tbmKnçì.
eq¸v t_mUnbnse Ahtijnç¶ eq¸v t_mUnbnse Ahtijnç¶
tÌävsaâpIÄ hn«pIfbpIbpw I¬ tÌävsaâpIÄ hn«pIfbpIbpw ASp
t{SmÄ ]pd¯v hcnIbpw sN¿pw. ¯ Cätdj³ XpS§pIbpw sN¿pw.
eq¸nsâ Ioj³ {Sq Bbmepw eq¸nsâ Inj³ ^mÄkv BbmÂ
I¬t{SmÄ ]pd¯p t]mæw. am{Xw I¬t{SmÄ ]pd¯v t]mæw.
Chapter 8: Arrays
Htc ssS¸nÂs¸« Hê Iq«w tUäIsf Hscmä t]cn tÌmÀ sN¿m³ Asd D]tbmKn
çì.
Asd Un¢bÀ sN¿mëÅ knâIvkv:.
data_type array_name[size];
DZm: int num[10];
num F¶ t]êÅ Cu Asdbn 10 CânPÀ kwJyIÄ tÌmÀ sN¿mw.
Un¢tdj³ kab¯v Xs¶ hneIÄ \ÂIn Asd C\njyssekv sN¿mw.
DZm: int score[5] = {98, 87, 92, 79, 85};
abs() abs(int)
ImWm³
sqrt() sqrt(double) Hê kwJybpsS hÀKaqew ImWm³
pow() pow(double, int) Hê kwJybpsS ]hÀ Ip]nSn¡m³
Hê A£cw A¸ÀtIkv BtWm
isupper() isupper(char)
F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³
Hê A£cw temhÀtIkv BtWm
islower()
Character Functions (ctype.h)
islower(char)
F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³.
Hê A£cw BÂ^s_äv BtWm
isalpha() isalpha(char)
F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³
Hê A£cw UnPnäv BtWm F¶v
isdigit() isdigit(char)
]cntim[n¡m³
Hê A£cw BÂ^s_täm UnPntäm
isalnum() isalnum(char)
F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³
temhÀtIkv A£cs¯ A¸ÀtIkv
toupper() toupper(char c)
B¡n amäm³
A¸ÀtIkv A£cs¯ temhÀtIkv
tolower() tolower(char c)
B¡n amäm³
bqkÀ \nÀ½nX ^wKvjëIÄ
^wKvj³ \nÀ½nç¶XnëÅ knâIvkv:
data_type function_name(argument_list)
{
statements in the body;
return val;
}