Expressing Time

Task 01 : Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.

- The Roman Empire………………. (to begin) in 27 BCE when Augustus (to become) the sole ruler of
Rome.
- After the Pharaohs …………….…………… (succeed) to unify Egypt, their nation …………….
…………… (become) stable and …………….…………… (gain) respect from their neighbors.
- As soon as the Greeks …………….…………… (arrive), they …………….………… (promote)
mathematics, philosophy and democracy.
- The French ………………. (not to leave) Algeria until the Algerians ……………….. (to defeat) them.

Task 02 : Combine the following pairs of sentences using the time conjunctions in brackets. Make the
necessary changes.

1. A. The Arabs conquered many rich provinces. They became powerful. (After).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The Ottomans remained in Algeria. The French invaded Algiers in 1830. (until)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A.Islamic culture became the most brilliant culture of the world. Muslims took elements of other cultures.
(when)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A.The Phoenicians invented practical alphabet. It was adopted and adapted by the Greeks and the Romans.
( After)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. A. Ancient Greek civilization started in the Island of Crete some 4,000 years ago. It spread to the main land
Greece where it flourished. (Before)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Octavian became the emperor of Rome. Octavian made of Rome a peaceful and a prosperous Empire. (as soon
as)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Task 03: Rewrite sentence b which means the same as sentence A

a- Mehmet II had captured Constantinople before he made it a capital of his empire. (as soon as)

b- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a- The Arabs had conquered Persia before they spread the Islamic culture and civilization. (After)

b- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a- After the Phoenicians had settled in Maghreb, they build trading. ( before)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Expressing Concession

Task 01: Combine the pairs of sentences using the connectors in brackets. Make the necessary changes.

1. Athens was ruled by a king. Athens was a democracy. (although )

2. Algeria has got its independence recently. It managed to make great achievements. ( Despite the fact that)

3. Algeria has got its independence recently. It managed to make great achievements. ( Despite )

4. The Pharaohs tombs were very well protected. Many of them were robbed of their treasured (Even though)

5. Cartage was defeated by Rome. Cartage was a great power. (despite)

6. Cartage was defeated by Rome. Cartage was a great power.(despite the fact that )

7. Ancient civilizations left prestigious remains. Ancient civilizations disappeared centuries ago. (in spite of

the fact that)

8. Muslim countries dispose of considerable resources. Muslim countries remain underdeveloped. (although)

9. The British came from different origins. The British succeeded to build a flourishing society. (In spite of)

10. The Phoenicians used to live in the desert. The Phoenicians became famous sailors. (Though)

11. Damascus was a fortified town. Damascus was conquered by Alexander the Great. (despite the fact that)