Jacobite Syrian Christian Church

The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church

(JSCC), [8][9][10][11] or the Malankara Archdiocese
of the Syriac Orthodox Church in India[12]
[13][14][15][16][17] the Jacobite Syrian Church,[18]

and the Syriac Orthodox Church in India,[19][20] is a

Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
Maphrianate based in Kerala, India, of the Syriac
Orthodox Church of Antioch and part of the Oriental
Orthodox Church. It recognizes the Syriac Orthodox
patriarch of Antioch and All the East as supreme head
of the church. It functions autonomously within the
church, administered by the Metropolitan Trustee,
under the authority of the Maphrian of India, Baselios
Thomas I. Following schism with the Malankara
Orthodox Syrian Church, is currently the only church
in Malankara that is under Syriac Orthodox Church.
The church employs the West Syriac Rite Liturgy of
Saint James.[21][22][23] Patriarch Ignatius Zaka I Iwas Centre in Cochin
Abbreviation JSCC
Name Classification Oriental Orthodox
Church Syriac
In the aftermath of the Council of Chalcedon, Emperor Orthodox Church
Justinian I who supported the Chalcedonians, exiled
Patriarch Severus of Antioch to Egypt, for refusing to Orientation Early Christianity
accept the council, and professing Miaphysitism. The Eastern Christianity
Syriac Orthodox Church is the church of Antioch that Syriac Christianity
continued to accept Severus as patriarch until his death Scripture Peshitta
and died in 538 AD. During this turbulent time for the Vishudhagrandham
church, Jacob Baradaeus was consecrated as bishop
(Malayalam
with the support of Empress Theodora and he led and
Translation)
revived the church.[24] The term "Jacobite" was
originally used as a derogatory word for Miaphysites Theology Miaphysitism
from the church of Antioch, but were later embraced by Polity Episcopal polity
the church.
Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Aphrem II
Catholicos of India Baselios Thomas I
Headquarters Catholicos
Maphrian of the Syriac
Puthencruz is the headquarters of the Jacobite Syrian
Christian Church in India. It is registered as a society Orthodox Church
under the Societies Act of the Government of India. Its Metropolitan Trustee Joseph Mor Gregorios
headquarters are named after Ignatius Zakka I. The Church Syriac Orthodox
property was bought and built under the leadership of
Church of Antioch[1]
Baselios Thomas I after the church faced difficulties in Affiliations Knanaya Jacobite
continuing its operations in Muvattupuzha after Church
Baselios Paulose II's death.
Region India and Nasarani
Malayali Diaspora
History Language Malayalam, English,
Hindi, Syriac, Tamil,
It is believed that Saint Thomas Christians of Malabar
Kannada
were placed under the jurisdiction of the patriarch of
Antioch since AD 325 as per Canon 6 of the Council Liturgy West Syriac Rite
of Nicaea.[25][26] They received episcopal support Divine Liturgy of Saint
from Syriac bishops, who traveled to Kerala in James
merchant ships along the spice route, while the local
Headquarters Patriarch Ignatius Zaka
administrative leader of the Saint Thomas Christians
I Iwas Centre
held the rank of archdeacon, which was a hereditary
office held by the Pakalomattam family. In the 6th (Patriarchal Centre)
century, the churches outside of the Roman Empire(in Puthencruz Kochi India
Persia towards the East), were arranged under the Origin 52 AD by tradition[2][3]
catholicos of Seleucia, who after conflicts with the 1964 (Establishment of
patriarch (leading to the Council of Capharthutha), Catholicos of India)[4]
joined the Church of the East, causing a further split in 2002 (Legal separation
the Malankara Church.[27] In the 16th century, the
from Malankara
overtures of the Portuguese Padroado to bring the
Orthodox Syrian
Saint Thomas Christians into the Latin Church of the
Catholic Church led to the first of several rifts in the Church and drafting of
community due to Portuguese colonialists, and the new constitution)[5]
establishment of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. Branched from Saint Thomas
Since then, further splits have occurred, and the Saint Christians
Thomas Christians are now divided into several Malankara Church[1]
factions.
Separations Malankara Orthodox
Saint Thomas Christians were administratively under Syrian Church (1912)[6]
the single native dynastic leadership of an archdeacon Members 480,000 in Kerala[7]
(a native ecclesiastical head with spiritual and temporal
powers, deriving from the Greek term arkhidiākonos) Official News Portal J.S.C NEWS (https://w
and were in communion with the church in the Middle eb.archive.org/web/20
East from at least 496 AD. [28] The indigenous Church 140306172549/http://w
of Malabar/Malankara followed the faith and traditions ww.jscnews.org/index.p
handed over by the apostle St. Thomas. In the 16th hp)[Usurped!]
century, the Portuguese Jesuits deliberately attempted to
annex the native Christians to the Catholic Church, and in 1599 they succeeded through the Synod of
Diamper. Resentment against these forceful measures caused the majority of the community under
Archdeacon Thomas to swear an oath never to submit to the Portuguese, known as the Coonan Cross
Oath, in 1653.

Meanwhile, the Dutch East India Company defeated the Portuguese and gained supremacy over the spice
trade in Malabar in 1663. The Malankara church used this opportunity to escape from Catholic persecution
with the company's help. At the church's request, the Dutch brought Gregorius Abdul Jaleel of Jerusalem, a
bishop of the Syriac Orthodox Church, aboard their trading vessel in 1665. The Malankara Church
consolidated under Archdeacon Thoma welcomed Gregorios Abdal Jaleel, who regularized the canonical
ordination of Thoma as a bishop. The Malankara Church gradually adopted West Syriac liturgy and
practices.
As part of the Syriac Orthodox
Church, the church uses the West
Syriac liturgy and is part of the
Oriental Orthodox Communion. It has
dioceses in most parts of India as well
as in the United States, Canada, the
United Kingdom, Western Europe, the
Persian Gulf, Australia, and New
Zealand. In 2003 it was estimated that
the church had 1,000,000 (including
Knanaya) members globally.[29]

Hierarchy
The highest rank in the ecclesiastical History and evolution of the Malankara church in a nutshell
hierarchy is the patriarch of Antioch,
head of the Syriac Orthodox Church,
who became the first among equals of the Diocese of the East as stated by the Council of Nicaea (Canon
6). The second among equals is the maphrian, also known as the catholicos of India, and is the head of the
Jacobite Syrian Church in India, and first among the Syriac Orthodox bishops in India. There are also
archbishops, and bishops.

Three ranks of hierarchy

There are three ranks of priesthood in the Syriac Orthodox Church:

Episcopate: patriarch, catholicos, archbishop and bishop.

Vicariate: archpriest (corepiscopos) and priest(Kashisho).
Deaconate: archdeacon, deacon, subdeacon, lector (ooruyo) and acolyte (mzamrono).

The Church
The Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church of India established by
Thomas the Apostle believes in apostolic succession within the
hierarchy of the Syriac Orthodox Church, within the Oriental
Orthodox communion. The Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church, as a
part of the Syriac Orthodox Church, rejects the Council of
Chalcedon along with the rest of the Oriental Orthodox Church.[30]

The Church believes in the faith as proclaimed by the three Thomas of Cana and the Knanaya
Ecumenical Councils of Nicaea, Constantinople, and Ephesus. It is depart for India
under the Holy See of Antioch, established by Saint Peter, which
was confirmed as a patriarchate in the Council of Nicaea, along
with the Holy See of Alexandria, and the Holy See of Rome.

Relics
The Syriac Orthodox Church respects the relics of Saint Mary, and the saints. The most notable of these
relics, are the Holy Girdle of the Theotokos and the relics of the Thomas the Apostle. The Jacobite Syrian
Orthodox Church kept some of these relics and celebrates them on occasions.[31] The church of India also
has relics from other saints including St. George the Martyr, St. Cyricus the Martyr, as well as other saints.

Liturgy
The liturgical service is called Holy Qurbono in
the Syriac language. The Liturgy of Saint James
is celebrated on Sundays and special occasions.
The Holy Eucharist consists of Gospel reading,
Bible readings, prayers, and songs. Apart from
certain readings, prayers are sung in the form of
chants and melodies. Hundreds of melodies
remain preserved in the book known as Beth
Gazo.[32]

Holy Bible
Celebration of Holy Qurobo at St. Mary's Cathedral,
The official Bible of the church is the Peshitta or Kundara
its Malayalam translation,
Vishudhagrandham(വിശുദ്ധ ഗ്രന്ഥം)
translated by Fr. Kurien Kaniamparambil.

Prayers

The Jacobite Syrian Christians pray from the

Shehimo during canonical hours in accordance
with Psalm 119. In 1910, Reverend Konattu
Mathen Malpan translated the prayer book of
the Syrian orthodox church into Malayalam,
known as Pampakuda Namaskaram, with
permission from Ignatius Abded Aloho
II.[33][34] It is the common prayer book of Traditional baptismal font Nasrani Cross with the
Syrian Orthodox Christians in India. with indigenous sculptural traditional food of Saint
elements at Akaparamb Thomas Christians
Mor Sapor Mor Prod
Theology Church.

The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church officially

accepted Miaphysitism per pictorial evidence in
St. Mary's Knanaya Church of Kottayam, Piravom Church, and Mulanthuruthy Church since the first
millennium.[35]

In punishment by the cross (was) the suffering on this one; He who is true Christ and God
above, and Guide ever Pure
 — Inscription of St. Mary's Knanaya Church, Kottayam[36]

Nasrani Cross

The Nasrani Cross (Persian cross) is used by Syrian Christians of India, which spread in the early fourth
century.[37]

Dispute with Malankara Orthodox

The JSC and MOSC regularly engage in disputes over the former's staunch allegiance to the Syriac
Orthodox Church. The latter proclaims the general agreement of territorial jurisdictions integral to the
Orthodox Churches around the world and alleges that the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate illegally interferes
in the temporal matters of the Malankara Church. The JSC lost many of its prominent churches to the
Malankara Orthodox after the Supreme Court of India's verdict, despite having absolute majority in many
of those churches.[38] After the long struggle for talks on churches that were dismissed by Malankara
Orthodox, the Jacobite Syrian Church decided to end their sacramental relationship with them in 2022.[39]

Cemetery ordinance

As per Supreme Court Order 2017, the Syrian Church disputed its rights to attend holy mass and rituals and
took the proposed ordinance for cemeteries. The ordinance gives the right for every person to attend rituals
and laws passed on by the majority votes with the support of the chief minister, ministers and other
Assembly members.[40]

Sacramental relationships

Catholic Church

According to the Agreement of Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I and Pope John Paul II, the Catholic Church and
Syriac Orthodox Church have a relationship between sacraments of Penance, Eucharist and Anointing of
the Sick for a grave spiritual need.[41][42]

Marthoma Syrian Church

The Mar Thoma Syrian Church also known as Malankara Mar Thoma, or Reformed Syrian church of
Malabar and Jacobite Syrian Church attend prayer meetings and marriage ceremonies together. They
continue their synods in recognition of theological acceptance and Holy Communion from their
understanding. The Holy Myron was given by Ignatius Elias II in 1842. The Mar Thoma church does not
use the ecclesiastical title of Ignatius and Baselios to honor the Syriac Orthodox Church.[43]

Catholicate
By the fourth century, the bishops of Antioch, Alexandria and Rome became the heads of the regional
churches, and were known as patriarchs In the seventh century, the Syriac Orthodox Christians who lived
outside the Roman Empire began using the title for its maphrian, for their head. This office ranked right
below the Patriarch of Antioch in Syriac Orthodox
church hierarchy, until it was abolished in 1860 and
reinstated in 1964 in India.

Catholicos of India

The Maphrian of India(Catholicos) is an ecclesiastical

office of the Syriac Orthodox Church and the local head
of the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church. He is the head of
the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church, which is a part of
the Syriac Orthodox Church. The jurisdiction of
Catholicos is limited to India so to avoid disambiguation Catholicos Baselios Thomas I with Ignatius
and avoid legal issues. The Syriac Orthodox Church uses Aphrem II of the Syriac Orthodox Church and
the title Catholicos of India, distinct from Catholicos of Pope Francis of Holy Catholic Church
the East.[44]

Fathers of the Church

The following saints from Malankara are included in the
5th Diptych(Canon of the Church Fathers):

Ignatius Elias III: entombed in Manjanikkara

Dayara at Omallur
Baselios Yeldo: entombed in Kothamangalam Joseph Mar Thoma, Philipose Mar Chrysostom
cheria pally Mar Thoma with Ignatius Aphrem II
Parumala Thirumeni (Geevarghese
Gregorious): entombed in Parumala Church
Paulose Athanasius: entombed in Aluva Thrikkunnathu Seminary
Koorilos Paulose: entombed in Panampady Church
Koorilos Yuyakkim: entombed in Mulanthuruthy Marthoman
Church
Osthatheos Sleeba: entombed in Arthat St.Mary's Simhasana
Church, Kunnamkulam
Baselios Sakralla III of Aleppo: entombed at Morth Mariam
Cathedral, Kandanad
Gregorios Abdal Jaleel: entombed at St. Thomas Church North
Paravur

Dioceses
Tomb of Baselios Yeldo
Dioceses in Kerala Maphrian of the East
(Catholicos) in the
Kollam Diocese[45] Marthoma CheriyaPally
Thumpamon Diocese[46]
Niranam Diocese[47]
Kottayam Diocese[48]
Idukki Diocese[49]
 Kandanad Diocese[50]
Kochi Diocese[51]
Angamaly Diocese
Angamaly
Perumbavoor
Pallikkara
Muvattupuzha
Kothamangalam
Highrange Ignatius Elias III Tomb of Geevarghese
Thrissur Diocese[52] Baselios Yeldo Gregorios
Kozhikode Diocese[53]
Malabar Diocese[54]

Dioceses outside Kerala

Mangalore Diocese
Bangalore Diocese
Mylapore Diocese[55] (formerly
Chennai Diocese)
Mumbai Diocese
Delhi Diocese[56] Paulose Athanasius Abdal Jaleel Gregorios

Bishops of the church

Gregorios Joseph
Severios Abhraham
Alexandrios Thomas
Thimotheos Thomas
Thimotheos Mathews
Ivaniyos Mathews
Aprem Mathews
Theodosius Mathews
Anthimos Mathews
Athanasius Elias
Yulios Elias
Philoxenos Zacharias
Athanasios Geevargees
Divanasios Geevargees
Coorilos Geevargees
Barnabas Geevargees
Meletius yuhanon
Dioscorus Kuriakose
Theophilose Kuriakose
Clemis Kuriakos
 Eusebios Kuriakose
Anthonios Yakkoob
Osthatheos Issac

See also
List of Patriarchs of Antioch – to 518
List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch – list from 518
Maphrian of the East
Catholicos of India
Maphrian
Oriental Orthodox Church
Saint Thomas Christians
Saint Thomas Anglicans
Manarcad church

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ooks.google.com/books?id=mXgSDAAAQBAJ). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 9780198263777.
Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2010). "Nestorius of Constantinople: Condemnation, Suppression,
Veneration: With special reference to the role of his name in East-Syriac Christianity" (http://
poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=2061116&journal_code=JECS&downloa
d=yes2). Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. 62 (3–4): 165–190.
Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–
1913 (https://books.google.com/books?id=jB8ir0ek8bgC). Louvain: Peeters Publishers.
ISBN 9789042908765.

External links
Official website (http://www.jscnews.org/)

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