MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HERITAGE & ARTS

FIJI YEAR 13 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2022

CHEMISTRY

Time Allowed: 3 hours

(An extra 10 minutes is allowed for reading this paper)

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write your Index Number on the front page and inside the back flap of the Answer Booklet.

2. Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided.

3. If you use extra sheets of paper, be sure to show clearly the question number(s) being answered
and to tie each sheet in your Answer Booklet at the appropriate places. Ensure that your Index
Number is written on the extra sheets.

4. Answer all the questions with a blue or black ballpoint pen. You may use a pencil only for drawing.

5. You may use a calculator, provided it is silent, battery-operated and non-programmable.

6. There are five strands in this paper. All the strands are compulsory.
Note:
 A Periodic Table of Elements is provided for your use during the examination. Both the atomic
number and the relative atomic mass for each element are given.
 Final answers to calculations must be rounded off to two decimal places.

SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS

Multiple - Short Total Suggested

Strand
choice answer marks time
questions questions
1 General Chemistry
2 8 10 18 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
2 Investigating Matter
4 18 22 40 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
3 Reactions
6 24 30 54 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
4 Materials
6 24 30 54 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
5 Consumer Chemistry
2 6 8 14 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
Total 20 80 100 180

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HERITAGE & ARTS, FIJI, 2022.

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INSTRUCTIONS

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
The multiple-choice questions are all compulsory. Each question is worth 1 mark.

1. In your Answer Booklet, circle the letter of the best answer.

If you change your mind, put a line through your first circle and draw a circle
around the letter of your next choice.

For example: 12 A B C D

2. If you change your mind again and like your first answer better, put a line through
your second circle and tick () your first answer.

For example: 12 A B C D


3. No mark will be given if you circle more than one letter as the answer for a question.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Write the answers in the space provided in the Answer Booklet.

STRAND 1 GENERAL CHEMISTRY [10 marks]

This strand has 5 questions.

1. Which hazard symbol indicates that a chemical is flammable?

A. B.

C. D.

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2. How does an increased amount of impurity present in a substance affect the

melting point of that substance?

A. It increases the melting point

B. It stabilizes the melting point
C. It decreases the melting point
D. It does not have any effect on the melting point

3. The correct disposal of all wastes produced in the lab during any experiment
is the responsibility of any person working in the lab.
List two types of wastes that would need special disposal. (2 marks)

4. A student is investigating the rate of reaction between magnesium and

hydrochloric acid. The volume of hydrogen gas produced at different
concentrations of hydrochloric acid was measured.
The results of the experiment were recorded in the table as shown below:
Concentration (mol/dm3) Volume of gas produced (cm3)
18 8
24 12
32 16
42 20
50 24

Note: The number of bubbles produced is a measure of the rate of reaction.

(i) Plot a line graph showing the production of bubbles at different

concentrations. Give a title to the graph and label the axes. (2 marks)

(ii) Identify the dependent variable from the graph. (1 mark)

(iii) Determine the number of bubbles produced at 35 mol/dm3. (1 mark)

5. When concentrated Sulphuric acid, H2 SO4 and common table salt, NaCl, are
heated, a volatile HCl vapor is produced.
The reaction is shown in the equation given below:

2NaCl(s) + H2SO4(ℓ) HCl(g) + Na2 SO4(s)

In this reaction, sodium sulphate ( Na2 SO4 ) is a waste product.

Calculate the atom economy for this reaction.

(Relative formula masses (M): HCl = 73 and Na2 SO4 = 142) (2 marks)
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STRAND 2 INVESTIGATING MATTER [22 marks]

This strand has 11 questions.

1. What is the value of the secondary quantum number ℓ, assigned to the d subshell?

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

2. When filling orbitals of equal energy, electrons are filled singly first before any
pairing can occur. This is an application of

A. Hund’s rule.
B. Aufbau principle.
C. Avogadro’s principle.
D. Pauli exclusion principle.

3. Which of the following is the trend for atomic radii of elements in the third
period?

A. Increase from Na to Ar
B. Decrease from Na to Ar
C. Increase from Na to S and decrease from S to Ar
D. Decrease from Na to Al and increase from Al to Ar

4. According to the kinetic molecular theory, particles of an ideal gas

A. repel each other and collide.

B. attract each other but do not collide.
C. neither attract nor repel each other and do not collide.
D. neither do they attract nor repel each other but collide with each other.

5. The first ionisation energy of Boron and Beryllium are given in the table below.

Ionisation Energy Boron Beryllium

st -1
1 Ionisation Energy 807 kJ mol 905 kJ mol-1

(i) Define ionisation energy. (1 mark)

(ii) Account for the difference between the first ionisation energies of Boron
and Beryllium. (2 marks)

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6. Draw the Lewis structure diagram of the hydronium ion (H3 O+ ). (2 marks)

7. Zinc is a transition metal grouped with Cadmium and Mercury.

(i) Write the electron configuration of Zinc using s, p, d notation. (1 mark)

(ii) Determine the four quantum numbers for the 5th electron of Zinc. (2 marks)

8. The following experimental procedure was carried out to determine the strength of
hydrogen bonds.
Step 1 Equal volumes of 10ml of ethanol and cyclohexane was taken in
separate test tubes. The temperatures of the liquids were measured.
Step 2 Contents from the two test tubes were then poured together in a
separate test tube.
Step 3 The temperature of the mixed sample of liquids was then
measured and recorded.

(i) State whether heat energy is released or absorbed during the mixing process. (1 mark)

(ii) Provide an explanation for your answer to part (i). (2 marks)

9. Define the term molality. (1 mark)

10. A group of year 13 chemistry students conducted an experiment to determine the

molar mass of a volatile liquid by the modified Dumas method and obtained the
following data:

Mass of cap and flask 24.05g

Mass of cap, flask and condensed vapour 24.89g
Volume of vapour 348mL
Pressure 98.4kPa
Temperature 25℃
(i) (

(i) Calculate the molar mass of the liquid. (2 marks)

(ii) State one way in which the molar mass of the liquid can be higher than
expected. (1 mark)

Turn Over

© MEHA, FY13CE 2022: CHEMISTRY.

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11. Some oxygen gas was collected over water at 25℃ and 101.3kPa and was
found to occupy 33mL.
Calculate:
(i) partial pressure of oxygen gas [SVP of water at 25℃ = 3 kPa] (1 mark)
(ii) volume that the gas would occupy at STP. (2 marks)

STRAND 3 REACTIONS [30 marks]

This strand has 13 questions.

1. In a galvanic cell, electrons travel from the

A. cathode to the anode through the salt bridge.

B. anode to the cathode through the salt bridge.
C. cathode to the anode through the external circuit.
D. anode to the cathode through the external circuit.

2. In redox reactions, a reduction reaction

A. involves the removal of oxygen.

B. involves the removal of electrons.
C. involves the removal of hydrogen.
D. results in an increase in the oxidation state.

3. Which of the following is true for an endothermic reaction?

A. The temperature of the system decreases

B. Energy is absorbed from the surrounding
C. Has a negative value for change in enthalpy
D. Energy flows from the system to the surrounding

4. In the standard notation for a voltaic cell, the double vertical line ‘ ∥’ represents
a/an

A. electrode. B. boundary.
C. connector. D. salt bridge.

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5. According to the Arrhenius concept, an acid

A. is a substance whose molecules donates protons.

B. is a substance whose molecules can accepts protons.
C. completely dissociates in water to give hydrogen ion.
D. accepts a pair of electrons in the formation of a coordinate covalent bond.

6. A voltaic cell is constructed based on the oxidation of zinc metal and the reduction
of silver cations. A KOH salt bridge is used.
Which letter correctly represents the location of the electrode where the electrons are
produced?

Zn Ag

b c
a d

Source: https://www.varsitytutors.com

A. a B. b
C. c D. d

7. Use the unbalanced oxidation-reduction reaction equation given below to answer the
questions that follow:

Cr2 O2-
7 (aq) + HNO2 (aq) Cr3+ −
(aq) + NO3 (aq)

(i) Write the balanced oxidation half-equation. (1 mark)

(ii) Write the balanced reduction half-equation. (1 mark)

(iii) Deduce the overall balanced equation in an acidic medium. (2 marks)

Turn Over

© MEHA, FY13CE 2022: CHEMISTRY.

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STRAND 3 (continued)

8. A student used an aluminium calorimeter as part of the apparatus shown in the

diagram below to determine the molar enthalpy of combustion for pentane, C5 H12 .

Source: https://www.rtdlearning.com

The following data were recorded when a sample of pentane was burned.
Mass of calorimeter 58.5g
Mass of calorimeter and water 558.5g
Initial temperature of water 21.2ºC
Final temperature of water 40.0ºC

(i) Calculate the heat energy of water in the process.

(Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/g/ oC) (2 marks)

(ii) State whether the process is endothermic or exothermic. (1 mark)

(iii) Give a reason for your answer to part (ii). (1 mark)

9. A 0.0484 molL-1 potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) solution was titrated against

25.00 mL of iron (II) sulphate solution which required 15.80 mL of potassium
permanganate solution from the burette for a complete reaction. The reaction is
shown in the equation given below.

MnO-4 (aq) + 8H(aq)

+
+ 5Fe2+
(aq) Mn2+ 3+
(aq) + 5Fe(aq) + 4H2 O(l)

(i) Calculate the amount (in moles) of iron that has reacted. (1 mark)

(ii) Determine the concentration of iron (II) solution (in mol L-1) solution. (1 mark)

(iii) State how the end point is determined in redox titration. (1 mark)

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10. The reaction between silver nitrate and ferric chloride is represented by the equation
given below.

3AgNO3(aq) + FeCl3(aq) 3AgCl(s) + Fe(NO3 )3(aq)

A solution containing 18.50g of AgNO3 was mixed with a solution containing

34.00g of FeCl3 to give 10.50g of AgCl.

(i) Calculate the moles of AgNO3. (1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the moles of FeCl3. (1 mark)

(iii) Determine the limiting reagent in the reaction. (1 mark)

11. Using the following equations and ∆Ho values given below to determine the heat
of reaction at 298 K for the reaction: (3 marks)

H2 SO4(l) SO3(g) + H2O(g)

H2S(g) + 2O2(g) H2SO4(ℓ) ∆Ho/kJ = -235.5

H2S(g) + 2O2(g) SO3(g) + H2O(ℓ) ∆Ho/kJ = -207

H2O(ℓ) H2O(g) ∆Ho/kJ = +44

12. A student prepared 2.0L of a solution containing 0.025molL-1 of NaCl and 0.25molL-1
of Pb(NO3 )2 . [Ksp (PbCl2 ) = 1.7 x 10-5].

(i) Write the balanced reaction equation at equilibrium. (1 mark)

(ii) Determine the concentration of Pb2+ and Cl- present in the solution. (2 marks)

(iii) Determine the ionic product (IP) of PbCl2. (2 marks)

Turn Over

© MEHA, FY13CE 2022: CHEMISTRY.

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STRAND 3 (continued)

13. Given the following half reactions:

Co2+ + 2𝑒 − Co Eº = - 0.277V

Ce4+ 𝑒 − Ce3+ Eº = 1.61V

Calculate Eº for the cell. (2 marks)

STRAND 4 MATERIALS [30 marks]

This strand has 16 questions.

1. Which of the following is a physical property of ionic hydrides?

A. Very low melting and boiling point

B. Generally liquid at room temperature
C. Very good conductors of electricity in solid state
D. Soluble in water and insoluble in organic compounds

2. Which of the following substances are insoluble in water?

A. NCl3 B. CCl4
C. Cl2 O D. BeCl2

3. Which of the following cannot act as a ligand of a complex ion?

A. I- B. H3O+
C. Cl- D. H2O

4. The compound, CH3CH2C(CH3)2OH is an example of a/an

A. chain isomer. B. position isomer.

C. optical isomer. D. functional isomer.

5. Benzene reacting with bromine produces bromobenzene. This is an example

of a/an _____________ reaction.

A. addition B. elimination
C. substitution D. condensation
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6. The following compound is an example of a/an

A. aldehyde. B. primary alcohol.

C. tertiary alcohol. D. secondary alcohol.

7. A hydride can either be basic, neutral or acidic. Hydride acidity increases from
left to right across the period.

PH3 < H2S < HCl

Explain why the hydrides of period 3 become more acidic when going across
the period. (2 marks)

8. Transition metals are located in the center of the periodic table and are also
referred to as the ‘d’ block elements. Using Iron as an example, explain why
many transition metals are said to be paramagnetic. (2 marks)

9. Transition metals are capable of forming complex ions and salts.

15mL of 9 molL-1 ammonia solution was added to an aqueous solution of
copper sulphate to form a deep blue solution.

(i) Write an ionic equation for the above reaction. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify the name of the species that is responsible for the deep blue colour. (1 mark)

10. Amines are an important class of organic nitrogen compounds.

Name the primary amine given in the diagram below using IUPAC nomenclature.

C C C

(2 marks)

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© MEHA, FY13CE 2022: CHEMISTRY.

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11. Write a chemical equation showing the formation of the amine from the reaction
of bromoethane and ammonia. (1 mark)

12. Use the structures given below to answer the questions that follow.

A B

C C

(i) Identify the molecule, A or B, that is more basic in nature. (1 mark)

(ii) Provide an explanation for your answer in part (i). (2 marks)

13. Use the structures of the three different types of alcohols shown below to answer the
questions that follow:

C C C C C C C

Structure 1 Structure 2

Structure 3

(i) Identify the structure that represents a tertiary alcohol and provide a
reason for your answer. (2 marks)

(ii) From the above alcohol structures, identify a structure that would
react with acidified potassium dichromate to:
I– Produce a ketone (1 mark)
II – Produce an aldehyde (1 mark)

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STRAND 4 (continued)

14. Tollens’ reagent is a qualitative test used to differentiate between aldehyde and
ketone. This is known as the silver mirror test.
State the observations that will be made when Tollens’ reagent reacts with:

(i) ketones (1 mark)

(ii) aldehydes (1 mark)

15. Draw the structural formula of ethyl propanoate. (1 mark)

16. The reaction sequence given below shows some common reactions of organic
compounds. Use the information to answer the questions that follow.

CH3CH2CH2Cl

OH-

Compound A
Process X
H+ / MnO4-

CH3CH2COH Cl- + Compound B

H+ / MnO4-
HCl
Compound D
CH3CH2CH2Cl + Compound C

(i) Write the formula of Compound A. (1 mark)

(ii) Name Process X. (1 mark)

(iii) Write the formula of Compound B. (1 mark)

(iv) Name Compound C. (1 mark)

(v) Draw the structural formula for Compound D. (1 mark)

Turn over

© MEHA, FY13CE 2022: CHEMISTRY.

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STRAND 5 CONSUMER CHEMISTRY [8 marks]

This strand has 6 questions.

1. Which of the following is an example of a synthetic polymer?

A. Silk B. Wool
C. Nylon D. Starch

2. Which of the following is an example of a condensation polymer?

A. Rubber B. Polystyrene
C. Teflon D. Starch

3. Polymers are either thermoplastic or thermosets.

State one advantage of thermoplastic polymers. (1 mark)

4. State one advantage of polymer banknotes over paper banknotes. (1 mark)

5. Polythene is an example of an addition polymer.

Use the chemical structure of polythene shown below to answer the questions that
follow:

C C C C C C

(i) State a reason why polythene is said to be an addition polymer. (1 mark)

(ii) Draw the structural formula of the monomer that is used to

synthesize polythene. (1 mark)

6. Polymers can either be biodegradable or non-biodegradable.

Describe one problem associated with non-biodegradable polymers. (2 marks)

THE END

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HERITAGE & ARTS, FIJI, 2022.