Stoichiometry Packet - Page 1 of 11

Chemistry Unit 8 – Stoichiometry

Unit Quiz: Unit 8 Test:

Unit 8 Vocab List

1. stoichiometry 2. Molar volume 3. mole ratio
4. Mass-mass problem 5. limiting reagent 6. excess reagent 7. Theoretical yield
Guided Notetaking – Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry ________________________________________________________________________________________
calculation of output of chemical reaction in terms of molar ratio.

Mole Ratio____________________________________________________________________________________________
ratio of moles in a balanced chemical reaction which is nothing but their balancing coefficient

Example: aluminum oxide yields aluminum and oxygen gas

mole ratios:

Reaction Stoichiometry Problems - “Given” and an “Unknown”

Type 1:

Example: Using the previous rxn, how many mol of Al can be produced from 13 mol of aluminum oxide?

You try: Given: 2 C2H6 +7 O2  4 CO2 + 6 H2O If 4.0 moles of ethane (C2H6) undergoes combustion – how many
moles of water are formed?

Type 2:

Example: 2 Al2O3  4Al + 3O2 how many g of O2 can be produced from 13 mol Al2O3?

You Try: 2 Al2O3  4Al + 3O2 how many g of Al will be produced at the same time as 3 mol O2?
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Example: How many moles of salt are7 formed from 12.0g of sodium reacting with Cl2? We will write a balanced
equation together first!

You try: Given: MgCl2 + 2 K 2 KCl + Mg How many moles of KCl can be formed from 10 g of MgCl2?

Type 3:
Example: Given: BaCl2 + 2 K 2 KCl + Ba How many grams of barium can be formed from 10 g of potassium?

You try: Using 2Al2O3  4Al + 3O2, how many g of Al2O3 will be needed to produce 25 g Al?

Type 4:

Example: If 10.0 g of carbon reacts with O2 at STP, what volume of carbon dioxide can be formed?

You try: If 8.5 L of I2 are produced (at STP) in the following equation:
2 KI (aq) + Cl2 (g) 2 KCl (aq) + I2 (g) how many grams of KI were used?
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Limiting Reagent (Reactant) – (LR)

LR ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Examples: __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Limiting Reagent Problems **Do mass – mass (g to g) calc. for all reactants**
Whichever reactant produces the least is the Limiting Reagent (LR)
Example: If 5.0g of hydrogen reacts w/ 5.0g of oxygen to make water, which reactant is the LR? How much H2O is
produced?

You try: Given: 2 Mg + O2  2 MgO

If you react 10 g of magnesium with 10 g of oxygen – what is the maximum amount of magnesium oxide that can be
produced and what is the limiting reagent?

Percent Yield-- formula:

**_______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

**_______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

**_______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Example: In lab you complete an experiment that produces 25 g of NaCl – you should have produced 29 g of salt –
what is your percent yield?
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You try: If you produce 3.70 g of Cu but you should have produced 3.55 g - what is the percent yield?

Example # 2: CO + 2H2  CH3OH If 75.0g of CO reacts to produce 68.4g of CH3OH, what is the % yield?

You try: Given: 2 Al + 3CuSO4  Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Cu If 1.85 g of Al react to produce 3.70g of Cu – what is the % yield?

MOLE TO MOLE PRACTICE:

1. N2 + 3 H2  2 NH3 How many moles of hydrogen are need to completelyreact with two moles of nitrogen?

2. 2 KClO3  2 KCl + 3 O2 how many moles of oxygen are produced by the decomposition of six moles of
potassium chlorate?

3. Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 How many moles of hydrogen are produced from the reaction of three moles of zinc
with excess hydrochloric acid?

For the following Write your own balanced equation first!!!

4. Phosphorus will react with bromine to produce phosphorus tribromide. How many moles of phosphorus
tribromide will be produced from 0.78 mol of bromine?
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5. Iron will react with oxygen to produce iron (III) oxide – how many moles of oxygen are required to react with 1.5
moles of iron?

6. If 3.0 moles of calcium sulfide reacts with aluminum nitrate – how many moles of aluminum sulfide are produced?

Mole- mass practice: BALANCE EACH EQUATION BEFORE SOLVING ANY PROBLEMS.

1. ___Cu + ___O2 ___CuO

a. If 101 g of copper is used, how many moles of copper (II) oxide will be formed?

b. If 6.23 moles of copper are used, how many moles of oxygen must also be used?

c. If 83.9 grams of oxygen react with copper, how many moles of copper (II) oxide will be produced?

2) ___Mg + ___HCl ___MgCl2 + ___H2

a. What mass of HCl is consumed by the reaction of 1.90 moles of magnesium?

b. What mass of MgCl2 is produced if 2.35 moles of HCl react?

c. How many moles of hydrogen gas are produced when 3.0 moles of magnesium react?
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STOICHIOMETRY PRACTICE –You must have correct, balanced equations to work these problems!!
1. In the synthesis reaction of potassium with sulfur, what mass of potassium is needed to react completely with
32.0 g of sulfur? 2 K + S  K2S

____________________________
2. Given: Zn + 2 HBr  ZnBr2 + H2 ; What volume of hydrogen gas can be produced from 12 g of zinc?

_____________________________
3. Silver bromide can be precipitated by the reaction of silver nitrate with sodium bromide. What weight of silver
bromide can be produced starting with 34.3 g of sodium bromide? AgNO3 + NaBr  AgBr + NaNO3

____________________________
4. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to 50.0 g of iron (II) sulfide. What mass of hydrogen sulfide is produced? Write
your own equation!

__________________________
5. In the reaction of Magnesium metal with HCl what volume of hydrogen gas can be produced from 5.0 g of
magnesium? Write your own equation!

___________________________
6. Given the Haber process: N2 + 3 H2  2NH3
If 3.41 g of hydrogen reacts with 2.2 g of nitrogen – what is the limiting reagent? How much ammonia is produced?

___________________________
7. When 25 g of Ca reacts with 25 g of Cl2, how much CaCl2 is produced? Write your own equation!

8. When 12 g of calcium reacts with 12.0L of oxygen gas at STP – how many grams of calcium oxide can be
produced? Write your own equation! What is the limiting reagent?

9. In lab you start with 128 g of sulfur dioxide to produce 150 g of sulfurous acid. How much sulfurous acid should
be produced and what is your percent yield? SO2 + H2O  H2SO3
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Stoichiometry Worksheet
Perform the following calculations. Be sure to use proper units!
Answer the following g or L mol and/or mol  g or L conversion problems.

1. How many g in 7.00 mol of N2? _______

2. How many g in 2.7 L of CO2? _______

3. How many mol in 23.0 g of CaCO3? _______

Answer questions 4-9 given the following equation.

2AgNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq)  Ag2CO3(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)?

4. What is the ratio of mol of AgNO3 to mol of Ag2CO3? ________

5. What is the ratio of mol of Na2CO3 to mol of NaNO3? ________
6. What is the ratio of mol of AgNO3 to mol of Na2CO3? _______
7. How many mol of Na2CO3 are required to produce 2.00 Mol of Ag2CO3? _______

8. How many mol of Ag2CO3 are produced from 3.00 mol of AgNO3? _______

9. How many g of Na2CO3 are required to produce 1 mol of Ag2CO3? _______

Answer questions 10-13 given the following equation.

3BaCl2(aq) + 2H3PO4(aq)  Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6HCl(aq)

10. What is the mol ratio between BaCl2 and Ba3(PO4)2? _______

11. Given 10.0 g of BaCl2, how many g of Ba3(PO4)2 will be produced? _______
Remember: gmolmolg

12. Given 10.0 g of BaCl2 and 10.0 g of H3PO4- how any g of HCl will be produced? ________
What is the limiting reagent:_______________

13. In lab you start with 45.7 L of sulfur dioxide gas and produce 155 g of sulfurous acid. How much sulfurous acid
should be produced and what is your percent yield?
SO2 + H2O  H2SO3

Mass of H2SO3 that should be produced:___________ % yield:___________

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Stoichiometry Worksheet Perform the following calculations. Be sure to use proper units!
1. (a) Write the balanced decomposition reaction for sodium chloride.

(b) How many mol of sodium chloride will produce 3.5 mol of sodium?

(c) How many g of chlorine will be produced from the conditions in (b)?

2. Given this equation: Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq)  Al(OH)3(s) + 3NaNO3(aq)

(a) How many moles of sodium hydroxide are required to react completely with 1.5 moles of aluminum nitrate?

(b) If 15.0 g of aluminum nitrate reacts completely with sodium hydroxide, how many moles of sodium nitrate
would be produced?

3 Copper metal reacts with oxygen gas to from copper (II) oxide.
(a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction

(b) If 5.25 mol of Cu are used how many moles of oxygen must also be used?

(c ) if 78.2 g of oxygen are used how many moles of copper (II) oxide will be produced?

Review Sheet Stoichiometry

1. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of aluminum nitrate with sodium hydroxide. What type of rxn is this?

2. How many g of sodium hydroxide would be needed to from 13.0 g of Al(OH)3?

3. How many mol of aluminum hydroxide would be formed from 15.0 g of Al(NO3)3?

4. For the decomposition of mercury (II) oxide how many g of O2 are formed from 10 mol of HgO?

5. A chemist should produce 1.75 g of C7H6O3 and produces 1.42 g of C7H6O3 – what is her % yield?

6. Suppose a solution containing 3.50 g of sodium phosphate is mixed with a solution containing 6.40 g of barium
nitrate. How many grams of barium phosphate can be formed by the LR?

7. If 5.0 g of S is reacted with excess oxygen gas at STP – what volume of sulfur dioxide gas will be produced?
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Lab: Stoichiometry & Making Chalk All Names: _______________________________________ Pd. _____

Objective: To practice stoichiometric calculations while performing a mass-mass lab.

Pre-lab Questions/Calculations:
1. Write the formula for calcium chloride:_____________
2. Determine the mass of exactly .005 moles of calcium chloride. ________________ (do both problems to the
hundredth place – 2 decimal places)
3. Write the formula for sodium carbonate:_________________
4. Determine the mass of exactly .006 moles of sodium carbonate (do both problems to the hundredth place – 2
decimal places). ____________________

Safety: Full MSDS sheets are in the MSDS folder in the lab room. MSDS health information:
Calcium chloride and sodium carbonate
Health Effects: may cause skin irritation, eye irritation, gastrointestinal irritation
First Aid: eyes: flush with water for 15 minutes.
Skin – flush with soap and water for 15 minutes
Ingestion: give 2-4 cups of milk or water – get medical attention

Experimental Procedure: Making Chalk

1. Using your pre-lab data and the electronic balance, measure the correct mass of calcium chloride into a small
beaker.
2. Add 20 ml of water to the calcium chloride.
3. Using your pre-lab data and the electronic balance, measure the correct mass of sodium carbonate into a small
beaker.
4. Add 20 ml of water to the sodium carbonate.
5. Mix the individual solutions (with a stirring rod) until all of the solid has dissolved.
6. Add the sodium carbonate to the calcium chloride slowly, until all of the two solutions are mixed. A white
precipitate (Chalk – calcium carbonate) should be formed!
7. Get a piece of filter paper. Label it with your initials using a pencil; weigh the filter paper before you use-
be sure to record the weight in your data table!
8. Filter the precipitate out by setting up a filtration system.
9. Your teacher will demonstrate how to set-up a filtering system and how to decant.
10. When the filtering is complete, remove the filter paper from the funnel and place it in a dry beaker (with your
initials on it) to dry overnight.
11. The next day, weigh your filter paper. You may keep the chalk or throw it away. Do not leave it at your station!

DATA TABLE:
mass of filter paper:___________________

mass of filter paper and chalk (after drying overnight):_________________

mass of chalk (subtract above)______________________

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Questions and Calculations: SHOW WORK!
1. Write an equation for the reaction that took place between calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. Do not
include the water in reactants –use the state symbol (aq). Put state symbols on the products also!

2. Using the .005 moles of calcium chloride how many grams of chalk (CaCO3) should have been produced
(theoretical yield)? Convert moles of Calcium chloride to moles of chalk and then calculate the grams of chalk.

_________________
3. Using the .006 moles of sodium carbonate how many grams of chalk should have been produced?

___________________

4. Which reactant was your limiting reagent? _____________________________

5. How much chalk did you actually produce? (look at your data table!) _________________________

6. Calculate your percent yield – Hint: use your answer to 5 as the actual yield and your limiting reagent answer as
your theoretical yield.

____________________
7. Where is the sodium chloride?

8. Test review: How many grams of aluminum oxide can be formed from 7.0 g of oxygen reacting with 7.0 g of
aluminum?
Equation:

Final answer:_____________________

9. ERROR ANALYSIS List one error and the effect on your lab.
Error # 1______________________________________________________________________________________________
Effect: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Conclusion: Write (at least) four sentences about what you learned in this lab: