Possible Question and Answer

Q1: What is the main objective of your research study?

A1: The main objective of our research study is to investigate the motivations and visit intentions
of tourists who engage with Intramuros after participating in a dark tour, with a specific focus on
how this engagement can contribute to strengthening the dark tourism branding of the site.

Q2: What is Intramuros, and why is it significant in the context of dark tourism?

A2: Intramuros is a historic walled area located in Manila, Philippines. It is significant in the
context of dark tourism because it holds a rich history, including its use as a site for
imprisonment and execution during World War II. Tourists are drawn to Intramuros for its
historical dark events, making it a prime example of dark tourism.

Q3: What are the key motivations for tourists to engage in dark tourism activities in Intramuros?

A3: The motivations for tourists to engage in dark tourism in Intramuros may include a
fascination with history, a desire to understand the darker aspects of human experience, and a
curiosity about the events that took place in the past. Some tourists may also be motivated by a
quest for knowledge and a desire for a unique and authentic cultural experience.

Q4: How do these motivations differ among different demographic groups of tourists?

A4: Motivations for engaging in dark tourism can vary among different demographic groups. For
example, younger tourists might be more motivated by the thrill and adventure, while older
tourists may be motivated by a desire to connect with history. Gender, nationality, and cultural
background can also influence motivations.

Q5: How does the engagement with Intramuros after a dark tour impact tourists' visit intentions?

A5: Engaging with Intramuros after a dark tour can have a significant impact on tourists' visit
intentions. It may enhance their desire to explore the site further, participate in additional
historical and cultural activities, and spend more time and money in the area. This engagement
can lead to a deeper connection with the destination.

Q6: In what ways can the findings of your research be applied to strengthen the dark tourism
branding of Intramuros?

A6: The findings of our research can be applied to strengthen the dark tourism branding of
Intramuros by providing insights into the specific motivations and preferences of dark tourists.
This information can be used to develop targeted marketing strategies, create more engaging
visitor experiences, and design thematic events or tours that align with tourists' interests.

Q7: What are the potential implications of your research for the broader field of dark tourism and
heritage tourism?

A7: The potential implications of our research for the broader field of dark tourism and heritage
tourism include a better understanding of tourist behavior and motivations, which can inform the
development of sustainable and culturally sensitive tourism practices. It can also contribute to the
preservation and promotion of historical and cultural heritage sites like Intramuros.

Q8: Are there any ethical considerations in conducting research on dark tourism, especially in
sensitive historical sites like Intramuros?

A8: Yes, conducting research on dark tourism in sensitive historical sites like Intramuros comes
with ethical considerations. Researchers should be mindful of respecting the sanctity of the site,
the feelings of the local community, and the potential emotional impact on tourists. Informed
consent and ethical data collection and reporting are crucial aspects of such research.

Q9: What are the next steps in your research, and how do you plan to apply the findings to
strengthen Intramuros' dark tourism branding?

A9: The next steps in our research involve data analysis and interpretation. We plan to
collaborate with tourism authorities and stakeholders to develop strategies and initiatives that
align with the findings of our study, with the ultimate goal of enhancing Intramuros' dark tourism
branding. This may involve creating tailored experiences, educational programs, and promotional
campaigns.

Q10: How can the local community in Intramuros benefit from the strengthening of dark tourism
branding?

A10: Strengthening the dark tourism branding of Intramuros can benefit the local community by
increasing tourism revenue, creating job opportunities, and raising awareness about the historical
and cultural significance of the area. It can also encourage community engagement and pride in
preserving and sharing their heritage with visitors.

Chapter 1
Q1: What is the primary objective of your study, "Tourist Motivations and Visit Intentions for
Engaging with Intramuros After the Dark Tour: Strengthening Dark Tourism Branding"?

A1: The primary objective of our study is to investigate and understand the demographic
profiles, motivations, and visit intentions of tourists who engage with Intramuros after
participating in a dark tour. This research aims to provide insights to enhance the branding of
dark tourism sites like Intramuros.

Q2: What demographic profiles are you interested in determining, and why are they relevant to
your study?

A2: We aim to determine the demographic profiles of the respondents, including age, sex, level
of education, marital status, and annual income. These profiles are relevant as they can help us
identify if these factors influence tourists' motivations and visit intentions, thus providing a
deeper understanding of the target audience.

Q3: How are tourist motivations for engaging with Intramuros after the dark tour categorized in
your study?

A3: Tourist motivations in our study are categorized into four main factors: dark experience,
engaging entertainment, unique learning experience, and casual interest. These categories help us
explore the various reasons that drive tourists to engage with Intramuros after experiencing a
dark tour.

Q4: What are the components of visit intentions that you are looking to identify in your study?

A4: We aim to identify the visit intentions of tourists in terms of attitude, behavioral intentions,
subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. These components are vital for understanding
how tourists plan to engage with Intramuros after the dark tour and how external factors
influence their decisions.

Q5: How will you test the significant relationship between the respondents' motivations and visit
intentions in your study?

A5: We will use statistical analysis, such as regression analysis, to test the significant relationship
between the respondents' motivations and visit intentions. This analysis will help us determine
the extent to which motivations influence tourists' intentions to engage with Intramuros after the
dark tour.

Q6: How does the theoretical framework of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) from Lewis,
Schrier, and Xu (2021) relate to your study?

A6: Our study is anchored in the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior
(TPB), as it provides a structured approach to understanding human behavior, including tourists'
intentions and motivations. The TPB model allows us to analyze how attitudes, subjective norms,
and perceived behavioral control influence tourists' decisions to engage with Intramuros after the
dark tour.

Q7: What role does the TPB model play in guiding your research?

A7: The TPB model serves as a guiding framework for our research. It helps us organize our
study by focusing on key factors that influence tourists' behavior. By applying the TPB model,
we can systematically examine how tourists' motivations and visit intentions align with the
theoretical constructs of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, ultimately
informing our research findings.
Q8: What is the expected outcome of your study based on the theoretical framework?

A8: Based on the TPB model and our research, we anticipate gaining a better understanding of
the factors that shape tourists' motivations and visit intentions. This insight will enable us to draw
an action plan to enhance the branding of dark tourism sites like Intramuros, aligning it more
closely with the expectations and motivations of visitors.

Chapter 2
Q1: What is the concept of dark tourism, and how has it evolved in academic research?

A1: Dark tourism refers to the act of visiting sites associated with death, suffering, or tragedy. It
has been a subject of academic inquiry for over two decades, leading to the development of
various perspectives and insights globally.

Q2: How do various studies categorize dark tourism destinations?

A2: Studies like that of Qian et al. (2021) categorize dark tourism destinations into four key
dimensions: memorial places, educational sites, leisure destinations, and landscapes associated
with fear. This categorization helps in understanding the diversity of dark tourism experiences.

Q3: What are some of the motivations that drive visitors to engage with dark tourism?

A3: Visitors are motivated by a diverse range of factors, including interest in cultural heritage,
education, and a desire to comprehend the historical significance of dark sites. These motivations
are often shaped by the internal conflicts arising from the experience.

Q4: How has the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) been used in understanding tourists'
engagement with dark tourism?

A4: The TPB has been utilized alongside constructs related to dark tourism, such as dark
experience, engaging entertainment, unique learning experience, and casual interest. It helps in
understanding how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence
tourists' decisions to engage with dark tourism.

Q5: What is the significance of the dark experience in tourists' attitudes regarding visiting a dark
tourism location?

A5: According to the study by Lewis et al. (2021), dark experience has a positive relationship
with attitudes regarding tourists visiting a dark tourism location. This suggests that the
experience of darkness itself is a motivating factor for tourists.

Q6: How do visitors' values and emotional factors impact their loyalty intentions in the context
of dark tourism?

A6: Research by Sharma (2019) suggests that tourists' values, especially emotional value, play a
significant role in shaping their loyalty intentions through satisfaction in the realm of dark
tourism. Emotional value has a substantial direct and indirect influence on visitors' intentions.

Q7: How does the manipulation of visual darkness impact the psychological experiences and
recommendations of dark tourists?

A7: According to research by Xinyang (2022), the manipulation of visual darkness significantly
impacts the psychological experiences and behavioral intentions of dark tourists. This influence
extends to factors like their inclination to recommend dark tourism sites and their tactile
preferences.

Q8: Are there distinct motivations for engaging in dark tourism, or is there a common underlying
interest?

A8: Within the realm of dark tourism, there is a differentiation in motivations. While the interest
in death exists to some extent, it is not the primary or dominant reason for visitors' engagement.
Motivations vary widely, including cultural heritage, education, and personal interests.

Q9: How do different aspects like paranormal tourism relate to the broader field of dark tourism?
A9: Paranormal tourism, rooted in popular folklore and unexplained phenomena, is a subset of
dark tourism. It includes beliefs in supernatural entities, religious practices, and experiences like
encounters with spirits or ghosts. This adds diversity to the experiences within dark tourism.

Q10: What do we know about the relationships between tourists' on-site experiences, destination
image, and behavioral intentions in dark tourism?

A10: The study by Qian et al. (2022) sheds light on the intricate relationships between tourists'
on-site experiences, destination image, and behavioral intention in dark tourism destinations. It
provides valuable insights into how these factors interact in the context of dark tourism.

Chapter 3
Q1: What research method is being used in this study, and what is its purpose?

A1: This study employs a quantitative method to understand tourists' motivations and intentions
when engaging with Intramuros After the Dark Tour. The purpose of quantitative research is to
attain a deeper knowledge and understanding of the social world, specifically focusing on
situations or events that affect people.

Q2: How does the study determine the negative and positive opinions of tourists about Dark
Tourism?

A2: The study assesses tourists' opinions about Dark Tourism through a quantitative approach. It
utilizes self-constructed questionnaires with Likert scales to gauge the respondents' attitudes,
motivations, and visit intentions, which can encompass both positive and negative aspects.

Q3: How was the population for this study selected, and why was purposive sampling chosen?

A3: The researchers opted for purposive sampling to select participants deliberately. This method
allows them to target specific individuals with characteristics, experiences, or expertise relevant
to the study. The selection criteria are based on research objectives.
Q4: How many respondents were included in the study, and how were they gathered?

A4: The researchers gathered 169 respondents through purposive sampling. They approached
individuals who had experience with visiting Intramuros After Dark Tour and those who desired
to experience such situations.

Q5: What types of questions were included in the research instrument, and how were they
administered?

A5: The research instrument consisted of self-constructed questionnaires with three parts. The
first part gathered socio-demographic information using multiple-choice questions. The second
part assessed dark tourism motivations and visit intentions using Likert scales, while the third
part evaluated behavioral patterns related to dark tourism.

Q6: How was the data collected, and what procedures were followed?

A6: The research instrument was personally administered by the researchers at Intramuros and
through social media platforms. It was distributed to the respondents after gaining approval for
the study. Identical questions were posed to all 169 participants, and their responses were
tabulated in a Google spreadsheet for later statistical analysis.

Q7: What ethical considerations were taken into account during the research?

A7: The researchers prioritized ethical considerations by assuring the confidentiality of personal
details and obtaining consent for research procedures. They explained the study's objectives
clearly to respect participants' rights.

Q8: What statistical methods were used to analyze the data in this study?

A8: The study employed percentage calculations to assess the socio-demographic profile of
respondents. It also used weighted means to evaluate the level of agreement on touristic
experiences. The Theory of Planned Behavior formula was used to determine the significance of
motivations and visit intentions in relation to attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral
control.

Q9: How was the Likert scale used in the research, and what does it measure?

A9: The Likert scale was used to assign numerical values to responses related to motivations,
visit intentions, and the construct of planned behavior. It measures the level of agreement or
importance respondents attribute to various statements or questions in the questionnaire.

Q10: What was the purpose of using a weighted mean in the study's analysis?

A10: The weighted mean was used to assess the level of agreement among respondents regarding
their touristic experiences. It allowed the researchers to summarize and interpret the data
effectively, providing insight into the respondents' perceptions and motivations in dark tourism.