BS Political Science Course Contents

Department of Politics and International Relations
Lahore Leads University

Curriculum of BS in Political Science
All courses are of 3 Credit Hours

Program Mission
Keeping in view the educational needs of our future leaders in the national government, civil
society institutions and international organizations; to achieve excellent levels of distinction in
teaching and research by transmitting knowledge and understanding that are needed to transform
the young people of Pakistan into politically enlightened persons and to make students
understand and realize various issues in the region, contemporary world politics & relevant
issues and to provide training that would enable them to make a significant contribution in the
future.
Program Objectives:
The BS in Political Science is designed to develop knowledge and providing research and
learning opportunities in the field of Political Science. This program will specifically focus on
providing strong theoretical and methodological base to its participants.
Main objective of the program is to develop an exciting and supportive learning environment that
is helpful in high quality research and related learning activities, including debates, seminars, and
lectures.
BS 4-Years program in Political Science is to prepare graduates having a deep knowledge of the
subject as well as ability to analyze any given situation and draw out conclusions. The syllabus
of the subject is designed by keeping in view the following objectives.
PO1. To have a sound knowledge of the subject with a broader view of other disciplines of
social sciences. It will enable the students to interact with other branches of knowledge and
strengthen their understanding of the society.
PO2. To improve their critical thinking and analytical skills that will help them become
confident researchers and knowledgeable observers of political issues, active members of
policymaking procedures and admirable teachers.
PO3. To demonstrate professionalism, success and leadership in their work, engage in lifelong
learning to keep current with the new developments in different fields of Politics.
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PO4. To Understand and realize various issues in the region, contemporary world politics &
relevant issues and be able to know and apply current developments in Political Science to
communicate effectively with a range of audiences and other participants.
PO5. To get engaged in a systematic study of both theoretical and practical aspects of Politics
and international relations and Pursue higher education, based on the acquired skills and
knowledge in Political Science.
PO6. To educate and train the students and make them conscious of their rights and obligations
towards the society. Such a knowledge will facilitate their active participation in State business
Program Learning Outcomes (PLO)
Students of BS program should achieve the following by the time they graduate:
PLO1. Ability to pursue their further higher studies.
PLO2. Ability to use current techniques, skills, and software tools necessary for research and
presentations.
PLO3. Ability to understand and realize various issues in the region, contemporary world
politics & relevant issues.
PLO4. Ability to become active citizens and establish an ongoing interest in domestic and global
politics. Students will demonstrate a sense of political activity and be able to identify the specific
ways in which an individual can participate meaningfully in politics.
PLO5. Ability to think critically about political concepts and systems, will demonstrate the
ability to apply their knowledge of politics by using the major analytic and theoretical
frameworks in Political Science.
PLO6. Attain the necessary organizational and political skills to work effectively in
multidisciplinary teams to accomplish a common goal.
PLO7. Ability to construct and evaluate analytical arguments and write clear logical prose.
PLO8. Ability to engage in continuing professional development.
PLO9. Ability to careers in politics, public service, law, teaching, research, and business, as well
as international, national, and local government and non-governmental-organizations.
PLO10. With basic knowledge of institutions, processes and values that shape politics within
and among states, and the major theories, concepts, foundations, and methodologies used in the
study of political Science, will be able to identify the structure and operations of Pakistani and
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other political systems, and to define and apply concepts and theories in political science and
international relations.
PLO11. Ability to know, and apply current developments in Politics and be able to communicate
effectively with a range of audiences and other participants.
Teaching Techniques
The following techniques shall be used/ applied during the study of the subjects of Political
Science at the BS level.
 Before commencement of a course the teacher concerned shall give a detailed teaching
scheme to the students. It shall comprise of the topics to be taught on weekly basis with
the relevant sources of the reading materials.
 Within four weeks after commencement of a semester, the teacher concerned shall assign
the topic of the term papers / assignments to the students either individually or in groups.
These term papers and assignments must be completed and submitted by the students at
least four weeks before the final exam. In this regard the concerned teacher shall properly
guide the students.
 Presentations will be made essential for all the students in the class for each course.
 Regular seminars, workshops and conferences should be held in the department on
weekly / fortnightly / monthly basis.
Teaching Methodology:
 Lecturing
 Written Assignments
 Guest Speakers
 Field Visits/Study Tours
Assessments:
Sessional: 30 %
 Quizzes
 Presentations
 Assignments/Report writing
Written Mid-Term Exams: 30%
(MCQs, Long Questions, Short Questions)
Written Final Exams: 40%
(MCQs, Long Questions, Short Questions)
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DETAILS OF COURSES
1. PSIR-101: Introduction to Political Science
Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to introduce the students with the fundamentals of the subject of
Political Science and prepare them for advanced studies in the forthcoming semesters. The very
basic concepts and terminology commonly used in the further courses of studies are taught to
make the students friendly with the subject.
Course Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the basic concept of Politics, Political science, Power, legitimacy, Law ,
Constitution , Authority, Comparative Politics, Public Administrations and etc
2. Develop understanding of state relation at international level by focusing on diplomacy,
international relations and strategic studies
3. Develop deep understand regarding origin, forms and operating mechanism of state
Course Contents:
1. Definition, Nature, Scope and the sub-fields of the subject.
2. Relationship of Political Science with other social sciences, specifically International
Relations, Diplomacy, Strategic Studies etc.
3. Basic concepts of Political Science such as law and constitution, power and authority,
legitimacy, nation and nationalities etc.
4. State: its origin and evolution; Western and Islamic concepts of State; Forms of State:
Unitary, Federation, Confederation.
5. Organs of Government: Legislature, Executive, Judiciary.
6. Forms of Government: Parliamentary, Presidential and others.
Core Books:
1. Anderson, Rodee et.al. Introduction to Political Science. Islamabad: National Book
Foundation, Latest Edition.
2. Haq Mazher ul. Theory and Practice in Political Science. Lahore: Bookland, 1996.
3. Agarwal, R. C. Political Theory: Principles of Political Science. New Delhi: S. Chand &
Co., 2006.
Recommended Books:
1. Ahmad Shafi, Choudhry. Usul-e-Siyasiat (Urdu). Lahore: Standard Book Depot, 1996.
2. Bashir Ahmad, Sheikh. Riyasat Jo Ilm (Sindhi meaning Science of State). Jamshoro:
Institute of Sindhalogy, University of Sindh, 1985.
3. G. Roskin, Michael. Political Science: An Introduction.
London: Prentice Hall, 1997.
4. Sarwar, Mohammad. Introduction to Political Science. Lahore: Ilmi Kutub Khana, 1996.
5. Jackson, Robert and Dorreen Jackson. A Comparative Introduction to Political Science.
New Jersey: Prentice – Hall, 1997.
6. Mackenzi, Ian ed. Political Concepts: A Reader and Guide. Edinburgh: University Press,
2005.
7. Ahmed, Khurshid ed. IslamicLaw and Constitution. Islamic
Publications,
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2. PSIR-102: Introduction to International Relations
Course Objectives:
1. To highlight the significance and introduce the fundamentals of the Discipline of
International Relations to the students.
2. To help understand the nature of the discipline.
3. To highlight the scope of International Relations as an independent discipline.
Course Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:
1. Acquire the basic knowledge of international relations and understand the concepts of
basic methodologies to interpret international events.
2. Solve, analyze and evaluate the problems using critical thinking while observing different
multi-view political phenomenon.
Course Content:
1. International Relations as an Academic Discipline
2. Overview of International Relations in the 20th Century
3. Theoretical Approaches to the Study of International Relations
4. Key Concepts in International Relation
5. War and Peace
6. The Foreign Policy Making Process
7. Globalization
8. Current and Future Trends in International Relations
Suggested Readings:
1. John Baylis, Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, eds., Globalization of World Politics 6th
edition (London: Oxford University Press, 2014).
2. Andrew Heywood, Global Politics, 2nd edition (London: Palgrave, Macmillan, 2014)
3. Charles W. Keggley and Shannon L. Blanton “World politics: Trend and
Transformation”2014-2015 Edition
4. Karen A. Mingst, and Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft, Essentials of International Relations
(London: Oxford Publishers, 2016)
5. Richard Devetak and Jim George, An Introduction to International Relations (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2017)
3. PSIR-302: Comparative Political Systems of Developing States
Course Objectives:
1. This course is designed to enable the students for a comparative study of the political
systems of developing countries.
2. The main emphasis will be on South Asian Countries and political systems of major
countries of the region like Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh will be studied in depth.
3. This study will not only provide the students with basic knowledge about the actual
functioning of these political systems, but also enable them to make a meaningful
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comparison among any of the countries and find out the reasons of malfunctioning, if
any.
4. The course introduces the main concepts on political systems to provide insight for
studying political realm as a system and to expand students’ empirical knowledge of
present day political systems through comparison of similarities and differences of
political systems in selected countries.

1. Understand the Political systems, state structure and type of government of developing
countries.
2. Compare different types of political systems.
3. Discover and compare different aspects of socio-political issues and political conflicts.
4. Have a deep knowledge of political history of the countries under study.
Course Contents:
Following aspects of the political systems of the developing Countries shall be studied: -
1. Historical background and development;
2. Constitutional/legal foundations of the system;
3. Political process:
4. Political parties and pressure groups;
5. Functioning of the organs of the government: legislature, executive and judiciary
6. Political environmental factors influencing the Politics such as geographic,
socio-economic, international scenario, media etc
7. Political culture: Salient features, public participation, ideological orientations, nature of
civil-military relations.
Recommended Books:
Durga Das Basu, Introduction to the Constitution of India, New Delhi, Prentice-Hall, 11th
edition, 1985
M.P Singh & Himanshu Roy Singh, Indian Political System, Manak Publishers, 2005.
Robert L. Hardgrave, India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation, New York:
Harcourt, Brace & World, 1970.
4. PSIR-316: Pakistan Movement and Ideology

Course Objectives:
1. The course is designed to generate awareness among the students regarding origin of
Pakistan, constitutional and political evolution in the Indo-Pak sub-continent.
2. It will enable the students to determine the real objectives of the struggle of Muslims of
India for the preservation of their distinct identity.
3. This course focuses on the approaches to study the political, social, ideological, economic
and cultural phenomenon and importance of Muslim’s struggle leading to the creation of
Pakistan.
4. This course is to impart knowledge to the students and create awareness regarding basic
ideological, social, cultural and economic factors contributing in the creation of Pakistan.
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1. Understand the political and economic factors behind Pakistan movement
2. To know about great Muslim political leaders and their efforts for the political, economic
and educational rights of Indian Muslims.
3. Understand the political history and development of Sub-Continent during 19th and 20th
centuries.
4. Understand the ideology of Pakistan, the Muslim struggle for independence and
endeavors for establishing a modern welfare Islamic state.
5. Understand the significance of creation of Pakistan as a sovereign state.
Recommended Books:
1. Abdul Waheed Khan, India Wins Freedom: The Other Side, Karachi, 1961
2. Abul Kalam Azad, India Wins Freedom, Islamabad, National Book Foundation, 2007.
3. C. Rahmat Ali, Pakistan, London, Athlone Press, 1947.
4. Chaudhari Muhammad Ali, The Emergence of Pakistan, ResearchSociety of Pakistan,
Punjab University, Lahore, 1983
5. Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History, Lahore, Vanguard, 1999.
6. Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, The Struggle for Pakistan, Karachi, Karachi University Press,
1997.
7. Keith Callard, Pakistan: A Political Study, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1968.
8. Safdar Mahmood, Constitutional Foundation of Pakistan, Lahore, Jang Publishers, 1990.
9. Stephen P. Cohen, The Idea of Pakistan, Lahore, Vanguard, Books.
5. PSIR- 422. Constitutional Development in Pakistan
Course Objectives
• This course has been designed to give a clear understanding to the students about
constitutional development of Pakistan.
• It also emphasizes on the dynamics of Pakistan politics.
• The main objective of the course is to make students aware of the process of constitution
making as well as issues and problems faced by the constitution makers in Pakistan.
• The course includes main features of three constitutions (1956, 1962 & 1973) and
subsequent amendments.
1. Understand the meaning, fundamentals and different Types of Constitutions.
2. Clearly understand the origin, Historical Background and step by step process of
constitution making in Pakistan.
3. Understand the Political conflicts during Constitutional Development in Pakistan
4. Discover different issues and problems faced by the constitution makers in Pakistan
5. Understand and explain all the Constitutions of Pakistan in a scholarly way
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6. Understand the significance of Constitution for a sovereign State.
Course Contents
1. Definition of the Constitution
a. General features and Functions of Constitution

b. Types of Constitutions
 Monarchic Constitution
 Aristocracy
 Democratic constitution
c. Key Features of Governmental Constitutions
d. Classification of Governmental Constitutions
 Codified or Single Document Constitution
 key principles of a codified constitution
 Codified constitution advantages
 Uncodified or Unwritten constitution
2. Constitution of Pakistan
a. Objectives of Constitution
b. Features
c. Origins and historical background
 Previous legislation as Source
 First Cabinet (1947)
 Constituent Assembly of Pakistan 1947-54
 Functions of Constituent Assembly
 Basic Principle Committee 1949
 Criticism & Results
 Report of the Basic Principle Committee (1952)
3. Constitution of Pakistan: Origins and historical background (contd)
a. Ulama’s 22 Points 1951

b. Objectives Resolution 1949
c. Principles of Objectives Resolution
d. Significance & Criticism
e. Dissolution of Constituent Assembly
4. Constitution of Pakistan 1956
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a. Origins & Process
b. Provisions
c. Salient features
d. Demise
5. Failure of Constitution of 1956
6. Constitution of Pakistan 1962
a. Brief History
b. Process of Constitution Making
c. Provisions
d. Powers of President in 1962 Constitution
e. Salient features of 1962 Constitution
f. Islamic provisions
g. Demise
7. Failure of Constitution of 1962
8. Legal Framework Order, 1970

a. Background
b. One Unit Scheme
c. Causes of One Unit Scheme 1954
d. The reasons for adopting the One Unit Scheme
e. Out Comes
9. Foundation of LFO 1970

a. Provisions of LFO 1970
b. Principles of LFO
c. Outcome of LFO
10. 1970 constitutional crises

a. Background
b. Six point movement
c. Constitutional convention
d. Drafting and ratification
e. Structure
 Fundamental rights
 Provisions
 Islamic introduction
f. Parts & Schedules
11. Amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan
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Recommended Books
1. Golam Wahed Choudhury, Constitutional Development in Pakistan, Long man 1969.
2. Hamid Khan, Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan, Oxford University
Press. 2009.
3. Paula R. Newberg, Judging the State: Courts and Constitutional Politics in Pakistan,
Cambridge University Press, 2002.
4. Safdar Mahmood, Constitutional Foundations of Pakistan, Jang Publishers,1995.
5. Verinder Grover, Ranjana Arora, Political System in Pakistan: Constitutional
Development in Pakistan, Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995.
6. PSIR-314: Western Political Thought
Course Objectives:
1. To examines major texts in the history of political thought.
2. To address the issues regarding the political community, social order, and human nature.
3. To know different views on human nature and the uses of history inform the design of
government.
4. To understand the ways in which thinkers like Plato, Machiavelli, and Rousseau have
responded to the political problems of their times, and the ways in which they contribute
to a broader conversation about human goods and needs, justice, democracy, and the
ever-changing relationship between the citizen and the state.
1. Examine political thought through the Classical, Renaissance, and Enlightenment periods
based on the works of Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau,
Tocqueville, and Marx;
2. Compare and contrast the concepts of justice, freedom, equality, citizenship, and
sovereignty in the works of Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau;
3. Explain the different versions of, and importance of, the state of nature to political
thought;
4. Explain Karl Marx's worldview, with particular regard to his critique of democracy and
the modern, politically liberal state; how it came to be; and its fundamental link to
capitalism; and
5. Explain John Stuart Mill's theory on utilitarianism and how he applies it to society and
the state.
Course Contents:
1. Political Institutions in ancient Greece
2. The Philosophy of Socrates
3. Political Philosophy of Plato
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4. Political Philosophy of Aristotle
5. Machiavelli;
6. Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau
7. Bentham;
8. J.S. Mill;
9. Hegel, Karl Marx and Lenin
Recommended Books:
1. D.R. Bhandari, History of European Political Thought, New Delhi, 1962.
2. Earnest Barker, Greek Political Thought: Plato & Aristotle, London, 1964
3. Ebenstein, Political Thought From Plato to Present, London,1986;
4. G.H. Sabine, History of Political Thought, London, 1980
5. Judd Herman, Political Thought From Plato to Present, Islamabad, National Book
Foundation, 1982.
6. Bertrand, Russell, A History of Western Philosophy, London, Allen & Unwin, 1957.
7. D.R. Bhandari, History of European Political Thought, New Delhi, 1962
8. Ebenstein, Political Thought: From Plato to the Present, London, 1986.
9. Judd, Harmon, Political Thought: From Plato to the Present, London, McGraw-Hill,
1964.
10. Kymlicka, Will, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction, London, Oxford
University Press, 2006
7. PSIR-315 : Muslim Political Thought
Course Objectives:
This course is designed to acquaint the students with the major political concepts of Islam, the
structural functional aspect of Islamic polity, the writings of prominent Muslim thinkers with the
prospectus relating to the application of Islamic principles to modern times.

 The students will learn about the history of the pre and post Islamic period.
 Will be able to fully understand the Islamic concepts of state, Politics, Justice and
Governance.
 Will be able to explain the basic social and political structure of an Islamic state.
 Will be able to understand and explain the different Muslim political philosophies from
mediaeval ages to modern time.
 Will be able to compare the western and Muslim political thoughts.
Contents:
1. The Political Concepts and Institutions in Islam
• Khilafat
• Shura
• Justice (Adl)
• Sovereignty
• Equality
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• Status of Minorities in an Islamic States
2. Muslim Political Thinkers:
 Al-Mawardi
 Al-Farabi
 Al-Ghazali
 Ibn-e-Taymiya
 Ibn-e-Khaldun
 Shah Waliullah
 Allama Iqbal
 Abul Aala Moudoodi
 Jamalddin Afghani
 Muhammad Abdhu
 Ubaidullah Sindhi
 Syed Qutb
 Hasan Turabi
 Imam Khumaini & Ali Shariati.
Recommended Books:
1. E. J. Rosenthal, Political Thought in Medieval Islam, Oxford University Press, 1967.
2. Haroon Khan Sherwani, Muslim Political Thought &
administration, Lahore, Ashraf Publications, 1962.
3. Ibne Khaldoon, Muqadema (Urdu Translation)
4. Ibne Taymiya, Siyasatu Shariya (Urdu Translation)
5. M.M. Sharif, History of Muslim Philosophy, Lahore, Sang-e-Meel Publication, Latest
Edition.
6. Abul Aala Moudoody, Islami Rayasat, Islamic Publications, Lahore
7. Mumtaz Ahmad (ed.,), State, Politics and Islam, American Trust Publication,
Indianapolis, 1986.
8. Perveen Shoukat Ali, The Political Philosophy of Iqbal, United Publishers, 1970
9. Rashid Ahmad, Musalmano Kay Siasy Afkar (Urdu), Lahore, Urdu Bazar
10. Watt. Montgomery, Islamic Political Thoughts, Edinburgh University Press, Latest
Edition.
11. Ali Shariati, Sociology in Islam, Tehran, 1983
12. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Lahore, Sheikh
Ghulam Ali & Son
13. Asghar Ali Shah, Mashriq Kay Siasi Afkar (Urdu), Lahore, Urdu Bazar, 1970.
14. Dr. Asrar Ahmad, Islam Ka Inqilabi Manshoor (Urdu), Lahore, Tanzeem-e-Islami Press,
2000.
15. H. K. Sherwani, Studies in Muslim Political Thought and Administration, Karachi, A.B.
Corporation.
16. M. M. Sharif, History of Muslim Philosophy, Sang-e-Meel Publisher, Latest Edition
17. Manzooruddin Ahmad, Islamic Political System in Modern Age, Karachi, Saad
Publications
18. Rashid Ahmad, Musalmano Kay Siasy Afkar (Urdu), Lahore, Urdu Bazar
19. Shaukat Ali, Masters of the Muslim Political Thought, Lahore, 1988.
20. Syed Abul Aala Maudoodi, Islami Riyasat (Urdu), Lahore, Islamic Publication, 1990.
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8. PSIR-323: Diplomacy
Course Objectives
 Diplomacy is an important means by which sates execute policies. It is largely designed
to enable states to secure the objective of their foreign policies by interacting with the
other states preferably without a resort to force in war.
 The main purpose of this course is to acquaint the students not only about the linkage
between foreign policy and diplomacy of a country but also to teach them about the
means and methods of achieving the aims and objectives of foreign policy through
various kinds of diplomacy.
 In addition, important matters related to diplomacy will be covered in the course in its
theoretical and applied dimensions.

 Use the knowledge acquired to comprehend diplomatic negotiations
 Critically analyze the theory and practice of diplomacy
 Better understand the relation between foreign policy and diplomacy
 Clearly understand the various types of diplomacy.
Course Outline:
1. Introduction to diplomacy (nature, scope and significance)
2. Theorizing Diplomacy
3. Types of diplomacy (bilateral & multilateral; old vs. new diplomacy)
4. Important actors in diplomacy (foreign office, Ministry of foreign affairs, career and non
career diplomats, political leadership)
5. Informal Channels of Diplomacy: Media and NGOs
6. Functions of diplomats
7. Art of Negotiation
8. Diplomatic crises (case studies)
9. Diplomacy in the age of globalization (e- diplomacy/ digital diplomacy)
10. Future of Diplomacy
Recommended Books:
1. G. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice (London: Palgrave McMillan, 2015).
2. Daryl Copeland, Guerrilla Diplomacy: Rethinking International Relations (US: Lynne
Reinner Publishers, 2009).
3. Philip Sheib, The Future of Diplomacy (UK: Polity Press, 2016).
4. Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994).
5. Eban Abba, Diplomacy for the Next Century (London: Yale University Press, 1998).
6. John Davis and Edward Kaufaman, Second Track/Citizens’ Diplomacy: Concept and
Techniques for Conflict Transformation (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,
2003).
9. PSIR- 221: Introduction to Local Government System

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Course Objectives
1. The main objective of this course is to generate awareness among the students about the
significance of Local Government and basic dynamics of the system.
2. It will provide to the students the parameters and analytical framework for study of any
individual system or comparison among various systems of local governments.
Upon the completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Explain and discuss the structure of local governments.
2. Better understand the center-local relationship.
3. Improve their understanding of modes of transfer of power
4. Understand the local government's role in liberal-democratic system of developing states.
Contents of the Course:
1. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Local Government;
2. Difference between Local Government and Local self-government;
3. Approaches to the study of Local Government;
4. Central-Local Government Relations and its implications on the performance of Local
Institutions;
5. Kinds of transfer of powers at the local level: Decentralization, Deconcentration and
Devolution;
6. Local Government Finance;
7. Problems of Local Government in the Developing Countries.
Recommended Books:
1. A.H. Marshall, Local Government Finance, The Hague, International Union of Local
Authorities, 1969.
2. Ayaz Muhammad, Some Political Aspects of Local Government Finance in Punjab,
Oxford University Press, 2004
3. Daniel Norman Chester, Central and Local Government: Financial and Administrative
Relations, London, Macmillan, 1951.
4. Harold F. Alderfer, Local Government in Developing Countries, New York, McGraw-
Hill, 1964.
5. Henry Maddick, Democracy, Decentralization and Development, London, Asia
Publishing House, 1963.
6. Hugh Russell Tinker, The Foundations of Local Self Government in India, Pakistan and
Burma, London, The Athlone Press, 1954.
7. J.A.G. Griffith, Central Departments and Local Authorities, London, Allen & Unwin,
1966.
8. J.A.G. Griffith, Local Authorities and Central Control, London, Chichester, 1974.
9. M. A. Muttalib and Muhammad Akbar Ali Khan, Theory of Local Government, New
Delhi, Sterling Publishers, 1983.
10. Masudul Hasan, History of Local Government in Pakistan, Islamabad, Ministry of Local
Government and Rural Development, 1984.
11. Ursula K. Hicks, Development from Below: Local Government and Finance in
Developing Countries of the Commonwealth, London, Oxford, Clarendon, 1961.
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9.PSIR-382: Research Methodology
Course Description
The course aims:
1. To understand the philosophical debates of advance political analysis
2. To develop an understanding of various research designs and techniques
3. To provide students with the tools and skills required to evaluate published literature.
4. To generate an awareness for the ethical dimensions of research

1. Understand the meaning, significance, Types and scope of Research
2. Understand the role of research in advancing knowledge and policy development
3. Design a context-applicable research project including construction of hypotheses or
research questions, appropriate sampling, data collection and analysis
4. Analyze and present complex data or situations clearly
5. Use different methods for conducting and interpreting research
Course Contents
1. Definition of Research
• What is research?
• Characteristics of Research
• Purpose of Research
• Motivating Factors
• Importance of Research
• Research methods
2. Social Science Research: Meaning & Scope
• Meaning and Scope
• Characteristics of Social Research
• Nature of Social Science Research
• Objectives of Social Research
• Functions of Social Science Research
• Scope of Social Science Research
• Objectivity in social research.
• Factors Affecting Objectivity
• Limits of objectivity in social sciences
• Ethical Issues in Social Sciences Research
3. Scientific Method in Research
• Definition
Procedural Components.
Personal Components.
• Essentials of scientific method
• Basis of scientific method
• Logical Reasoning Process
• Difficulties in the use of scientific methods in social science research
• Qualitative and Quantitative Research
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4. Types of Research
• Pure Research
• Applied Research
• Action Research
5. Qualitative Research Methods-I
• Case Study
• Content Analysis
6. Qualitative Research Methods-II
• Focused Group Interview
• Social Survey Method
7. Stages in Social Science Research
• Definition of the Problem
• Identification of a Research Topic
• Selection of the Problem
• Criteria of good research problem
• Formulating the problem

• Literature Review
• Survey techniques
• Hypothesis
• Types & Importance of Hypothesis
• Formulation & Criteria of Hypothesis
• Characteristics of Hypothesis
10. Research Design
• Features
• Types
Exploratory research
Descriptive Research
11. DATA AND DATA COLLECTION
• Meaning and importance of data
• Types of Data: Primary & Secondary
• Tools for Data Collection
• Sources of Data Collection
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
12. Methods of Data Collection
• Interview method: Characteristics & Requirements
• Types of Interviews
• Process of data collection through schedules
• Reference Writing
• Internet & Research
Recommended Books
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1. Ranjit Kumar, (3rd Edition, 2011), RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, a step-by-step guide for
beginners, London: SAGE Publications Ltd
2. C.R.Kothari, (2004,2ndEdition) ,Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques, New
Delhi: New Age International Publishers
3. Dr. Prabhat Pandey, Dr. Meenu Mishra Pandey, (2015), RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY:
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES, Bridge Center: Romania.
4. August (Edition:1 2017)Handbook of Research Methodology A Compendium for
Scholars & Researchers (Based on revised syllabus of research methodology of various
universities, New Delhi: EDUCREATION PUBLISHING
5. Beverly R. Dixon, A Handbook of Social Science Research, London, Oxford University
Press, 1987.
6. Buttolpa Johnson Janet and Richard A. Joslyn, Political Research Methods, Englewood
Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 1986.
7. Chava Nachmias and David Nachmias, Research Methods in Social Sciences, New York,
St. Martins Press, 1981.
8. John W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods
Approaches, New Delhi, Sage Publications, 2003.
9. Julian L. Simon and Paul Burstein, Basic Research Methods in Social Sciences, New
York, Random House, 1985.
10. PSIR-231:Geo Political Structure of the World
Course Objectives:
The course aims:
1. To make students aware of the vitality of geography for understanding the dynamics of
International relations.
2. To familiarize them with major trends through which the world has reached its current
geo-political structure
3. To bring to their knowledge the ongoing transformation in world’s geopolitical structure
and its impact on international situation.

1. Understand geopolitics and identify where it appears to be playing a part in shaping the
inter-state relations.
2. Evaluate the role of geo-politics as a determining factor of historical and contemporary
changes in the systemic structure.
3. Evaluate the conflict-prone nature of the evolving geo-political dynamics.
Course Contents:
1. Political Geography:
a. Traditional boundaries
b. Modern boundaries
c. Problems of boundaries
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2. Geography of Imperialism
a. The revolutionary heritage
b. Formal Imperialism: the creation of empires
c. Informal Imperialism: dominance without empires
3. Human Topography
a. Politics of identity
b. Politics of ethnicity
c. Modernity and digital divide
4. Geography of Resources
a. Water resources
b. Oil and gas
c. Food resources
5. Geo Politics
a. Core and periphery
b. Choke points
c. Buffer zones
6. Power Analysis and Political Geography
a. Traditional empires
b. Colonial empires
c. Offshore empire
7. Geo-Economics
a. Theories of geo-economics
b. Economics and politics
c. Common economic space
Core Books:
1. Cox, Keven R. Political Geography. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
2. Dicken, Peter. Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economics Map in the 21st Century.
(4th Ed), Sage Publications, London, 2003.
3. Little, Richard and Smith, Michel. Perspective on World Politics. New York: Routledge,
2006.
Recommended Books:
1. Kupchan, Charles A., Adler, Emanuel, Ciocaued Jean-Marc and Khong, Yuen Foong;
Power in Transition: The Peaceful Change of International Order Tokyo: United Nations
University Press, 2001.
2. Martin, I. R. A., Political Geography, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993.
3. Miles, Edward L., Global Ocean Politics: The Decision Process on the Law of the Sea,
1973-1982, Martinus: Nijhoff, 1998.
4. Richard, Muir, Political Geography: A New Introduction, New York: Macmillan, 1997.
5. Jeremy Black, Geopolitics and the Quest for Dominance (Bloomington: Indiana
6. Taylor, Peter J., & Fluet, Colin, Political Geography; New York: Palgrave, 2004.
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11.PSIR-313: International Political Economy
Course Objectives
1. This course is an introduction to the International Political Economy.
2. It will not only present and evaluate the major theories of International Political
Economy, but also examine the highly contested issue of IPE. Politics and Economy are
indispensable correlation in world politics.
3. The objectives of this course include helping the student to understand international
political economy and its role in international politics, to comprehend the main theories
and critical approaches to the study of international political economy and to study and
analyze international economic organizations and financial institutions and their impact
on global politics.

1. Acquire knowledge of IPE and its role in International Politics,
2. Comprehend approaches and critical theories of IPE
3. Analyze study of regionalism and financial institutions in global economic paradigms
4. Evaluate and understand the Problems of IPE
Course Contents:
• Introduction
a. Definition
b. Evolution
c. Scope
• Theories of International Political Economy
a. Economic Internationalism/Liberalism
b. Economic Nationalism/Mercantilism
c. Marxism/Structuralism/Dependency Theories
• Politics of International Trade: Multilateral Trade System
a. Nature
b. Evolution
c. Role and Impact of Trade Institutions: GATT & WTO
• Politics of International Finance: Monetary System
a. Nature
b. Evolution
c. Role and Impact of Financial Institutions: WB & IMF
• International Investment: Role of Multinational Corporations
a. Nature
b. Evolution
c. Influence of MNC’s in IR
• Issues of development
a. North-South Dialogue
b. South-South Dialogue
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c. Foreign Aid: Advantages and Disadvantages
• Recent developments in IPE
a. Economic Integration
b. Revival of Economic Nationalism
c. Neo-Imperialism,
d. Globalization
Core Books:
1. Oatley, T. International Political Economy: Interests & Institutions in the Global Economy.
North Carolina: Pearson Education USA. (2004).
2. Adams, John, (Ed.) The Contemporary Economy. New York: St. Martins, 1985.
Suggested Readings:
1. Keohane,Robert O; Beyond Hegemony: Cooperation and Discard in the World Political
Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
2. Kundi, Mansoor Akbar. Elements of International Political Economy. (2nd Ed.) Islamabad:
National Book Foundation , 2004
3. Spero Joan E. and Hart Jeffry A., The Politics of Economic, (5th Ed.) New York: Routledge,
2000.
4. Blake, David M., & Walters, Robert H., The Politics of Global Economic. Englewood Cliffs:
Prentice – Hall, 1987.
5. Oppenheimer, Peter, (ed.), Issues in Economics: London: Rutledge, 1980.
6. Spero, John Edelman, The Politics of International Economics. (3rd Ed.), London: Allen &
Unwin, 1985
12.PSIR-333: Comparative Politics
Course Objectives:
1. The objective of this course is to make the students aware about the basic concepts and
terminology often used in the study of political systems and processes, commonly in all
the societies.
2. Further, the students are to be prepared for making meaningful comparisons of various
political systems with reference to their political functions, structures, cultures,
development, processes etc.
3. The course aims to introduce students to the prominent works of comparative politics.
4. To examine core theoretical and thematic approaches in the field of comparative politics.
5. To prepare the students for making meaningful comparisons of various political systems
and processes.

1. Comprehend major theoretical approaches in comparative politics
2. Employ critical learning to explain the contemporary political problems and political
behaviors
3. Develop a deep understanding about the relationship among political, social, and
economic phenomena within countries and in the international environment
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Course Contents:
1. Meanings and significance of comparative politics. Nature and scope of this study.
2. Approaches of the study of politics: Traditional and Behavioral approaches with
criticism.
3. Political System: Definition, meanings and characteristics of political system; Functional
and structural approach in the study and comparison of political systems. David Easton’s
and Almond-Colman’s model of political system.
4. Political Culture: definition; significance of the study in the context of international
relations; types of political culture.
5. Political Development: meanings and common characteristics and indicators of political
development.
6. Socio-political change and modernization: Major Theories and their Functional
Implications;
7. Major Issues of National Identity and Integration: Legitimacy, role of bureaucracy and
military elite, charismatic leadership in the political systems.
Core Books:
1. G. A. Almond, Comparative Politics, Princeton U. P. (latest edition).
2. G. M. Career, 6th Ed., Major Foreign Powers, New York, 1972.
3. G. A. Almond and J. Coleman, The Politics of Developing Areas, Princeton University
Press, (latest edition)
4. H. V. Wiseman, Political System Some Sociological Approaches, London: Routledge
and Kegan Paul, 1966.
Recommended Books:
1. A. Dahl, Robert. On Democracy. New Heaven: Yale University Press, London.
2. O’Neil, Patrick and Rogowski, Ronald. Essential Readings in Comparative Politics. New
York-London: W. W. Norton & Company.
3. Jalal, Ayesha. Democracy and authoritarianism in South Asia: a comparative and
historical perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
13. PSIR-322: Conflict and Conflict Resolution
Course Objectives
1. This course is primarily about developing a broadly applicable and eclectic purview of
conflict and peace.
2. It is not just theory-oriented discourse but also includes some practical skills for handling
conflict as these have been developed by practitioners in various contexts of conflicts.
The course aims to develop a broadly applicable and eclectic purview of conflict and its
resolution
3. To analyze pragmatic and applicable skills in various contexts of conflicts
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4. To understand the strategies, theories and role of international institutions in management
and resolution of contemporary regional and global conflicts
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
• Understand the basic concepts and techniques of conflict, its management and resolution
• Analyze the contemporary international conflicts
• Demonstrate practical skills in various contexts of conflicts and their resolution
Course Contents:
1. Defining Conflict and its Sources
a. Definition and Nature of Conflict
b. Systemic Sources
c. Societal Sources
d. Bureaucratic and Organizational Sources
e. Terrorism and Religion: New Dimensions
2. Basic and Complex Level of Analysis
a. The Individual Level
b. The Group Level
c. The State Level
d. The Decision Making Level
e. The Ideological, Social and Economics Levels
3. Typologies of Conflict
a. Low Intensity Conflict
b. High Intensity Conflict
c. International Conflict
d. Non-International Conflict
4. Basics of Conflict Management and Resolution
a. Conflict Management and Resolution between States
b. Conflict Management and Resolution in Civil Wars
c. Conflict Management and Resolution in State Formation
5. Techniques of Conflict Management and Resolution
a. Negotiation: New Trends in Negotiation Theory
b. Facilitation
c. Good Offices
d. Mediation in International Relations.
e. Commission of Enquiry
f. Conciliation
g. Arbitration
h. Adjudication
i. Improvements in the Bargaining Strategies
j. Confidence Building Measures
6. Conflict Prevention and Pre-emption:
a. From Prevention to Pre-emption
b. Preventive Diplomacy
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Core Books:
1. David .P. Barash & Charles. P. Webel, Peace and Conflict Studies, SAGE Publications, 2002.
2. Peter. Wallensteen, Understanding Conflict Resolution, SAGE Publications, 2002.
3. Sandra Cheldelin, Daniel Druckman & Larissa Fast, (ed). Conflict: From Analysis to
Intervention. London: Continuum. 2003
Recommended Books:
1. Allen, John (editor). The Rainbow People of God: The Making of a Peaceful Revolution.
New York: Doubleday, 1994
2. Boulding, Elise. A Culture of Peace: The Hidden Side of History. Syracuse: Syracuse
3. Sloan, Douglas ed. Education for Peace and Disarmament. New York: Columbia
University, 2003.
4. Peter T. Coleman, Morton Deutsch, Eric C. Marcus,The Hand Book Of Conflict
Resolution: Theory and Practice (Indianapolis: Jossey-Bass, 2014).
5. Ho-Won Jeong, Peace and Conflict Studies: An introduction (UK: Taylor & Francis,
2017).
6. Christopher W. Moore, The Mediation Process: Practical Strategies For Resolving
Conflict (Indianapolis: Jossey-Bass, 2014).
7. Peter Wallensteen, Understanding Conflict Resolution (California: Sage Publications,
2015).
14.PSIR-317: Defense and Strategic Studies
Course Objectives
1. The objectives of the course are to familiarize the students with the basic concepts and
terminologies of the discipline.
2. Purpose is to understand the ideas and views of strategic thinkers relating to evolution
and development in the field of Defense and Strategic Studies as an academic discipline,
and make them capable to critically analyze strategic trends and contemporary security
issues around the globe.
3. The use of military force and the phenomena of warfare, its kinds – low intensity conflict
are discussed here.
 Have knowledge of strategic thought and leading strategists

 Understand the basic concepts of strategy, war, warfare and new dimensions of conflict
 Analyze and evaluate the strategic environment and security dilemma puzzles
 Demonstrate the ability and capability to critically examine the conflict environment and
the actors responsible for creating instability
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Course Contents:
1. Definition, Importance, Scope and basic assumptions of Defense and Strategic Studies
2. Evolution and development of strategic thought: Major Thinkers:
a. Sun TZU
b. Karl Von Clausewitz
c. Henry Jomoni
d. Alfred T. Mahan
e. Mackinder
f. Galio Douhet
g. Mao Tse-Tung
h. Lidell Hart
i. Thomas Schilling
j. Henry Kissinger
3. Evolution and Development of Modern Warfare.
a. War as an instrument of national policy
b. Nuclear Parity / deterrence
c. Low Intensity Conflict
d. Mutual Assured Destruction
e. Massive Retaliation and Flexible Response
f. Countervailing Strategies
4. Impact of Technology on Strategic Thinking
a. War Avoidance and Strategy of Prevention
b. Confidence and Security-Building Measures
c. Conflict and Crisis Management
d. Non-Proliferation and Arms Control Strategies
5. Non-Kinetic Warfare
a. Media, Propaganda and Cyber Warfare
b. Psychological Warfare
7. Asymmetric Warfare
8. Contemporary Issues and Emerging Trends in Defense Strategic Studies
Core Books:
1. M. Cronin, Patrick (Ed), 2nd The Evolution of Strategic Thought: Adelphi Papers Classics
“Routledge.2008
2. Adelman, Kenneth L. The Defence Revolution, Strategy for the Brave New World, San
Francisco: Institute of Contemporary Studies. 1990
3. Beafre, Indre, An Introduction to Strategic Studies, London: Faber & Faber.1967
4. Buzan, Berry, An Introduction to Strategic Studies, London: Faber & Faber 1967.
Recommended Books:
1. John G. Steossinger, Why Nations Go to War (New York: St. Martin Publishers, 2001).
2. M. Kane, Thomas, (2007) Ancient China on Postmodern War: Enduring Ideas from the
Chinese Strategic Tradition, New York, Routledge.2007
3. T. Richelson, Jeffrey, (2007) Spying on the Bomb: American nuclear intelligence from Nazi
Germany to Iran and North Korea, New York, Norton and Company. 2007
4. Mandel, Robert, (2006) Security, Strategy, and Quest for Bloodless War. New Delhi, India
Viva Books Private Ltd.
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5. Clausewitz, K. V., (1976) On War (Translated Edn.) Princeton: Princeton University Press.
6. George, Alexander L., (1991) Avoiding War: Problems of Crisis Management. Boulder:
Westview.
7. Kissinger, Henry A., (1983) Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy. New York: Doubleday
Anchor Books.
8. Knorr, Klaus (Ed), Power, Strategy and Security, New York, Princeton University Press. 1983
9. Schelling, Thomas, C. The Strategy of Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1963
10. Wright, Quincy, A Study of War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1965.
15.PSIR- 318: Politics of Pakistan
Course Objective:
1. The objective of this course is to generate awareness among the students regarding the
internal dynamics of Pakistan politics.
2. To know how the state structure, political party system and nature and type of
government in Pakistan
3. To gain knowledge of internal political conflicts/issues in Pakistan and their
management.
4. To understand the causes and effects of major political movements
 Know about the dynamics of Pakistani politics, institutions and their area of scope.
 Understand issues of governance and their repercussions on the state and society of
Pakistan.
 Able to give positive input in policy formation through discussion, research and
participation.
Course Contents:
1. Constitutional foundation of Pakistan’s political system.
2. Nature and characteristics of political party system and pressure groups.
3. Major Political Movements, debates and controversies
4. Federalism in Pakistan – Constitutional Provisions and Politics of Center Province
Relations
5. The Issue of Ethnic Diversity and its management.
6. Nature and patterns of political alliances in the country.
7. Civil-military relations.
8. Decision making process in general.
9. Decision making regarding the external relations of the country.
10. Major Challenges to the Political Stability
Core Books:
1. Khan, Hamid. Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan. Lahore: Oxford
2. Mahmood, Safdar. Constitutional Foundations of Pakistan. Lahore: Jang Publishers, 1990
25
3. Askari Rizvi, Hasan. Military and Politics in Pakistan. Lahore: Progressive Publishers,
latest edition.
4. Askari Rizvi, Hasan. Pakistan and the Geostrategic Environment: A Study of Foreign
Policy. London: Macmillan
16.PSIR-319: Contemporary Political Ideologies
Course Objectives:
Ideologies are interconnected sets of beliefs, opinions, and values regarding people, society and
the state. They are both descriptive and evaluative. They are highly contested, both internally and
externally.
1. The course is designed to introduce students to many of the major contemporary
ideologies, and the debates within and among them.
2. Students will learn the core concepts as well as distinctive aspects of each ideology.
3. The course intends to familiarize students of Politics & IR with the recent trends in the
western political thought while revisiting the old questions about individual, state, law,
justice, democracy power and hegemony in the light of contemporary socio-political
realities.
4. This course examines the origins and impact of ideologies on the development of
societies.

Upon successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Analyse the major concepts and debates in political thinking relating to political ideology
and discourse
2. Understand the relevant social, historical, economic, and international context in which
those debates occur.
3. Engage confidently in written and oral public debate in a range of social and cultural
settings and Communicate and cooperate in a range of group activities
4. Explain the philosophical and intellectual roots of contemporary political ideologies.
5. Examine and analyse the conditions that create the rise of ideologies.
6. Interpret and analyse political ideologies as they apply to modern political problems.
7. Apply their knowledge of ideologies to current political issues.
Course Contents:
1. An overview of the political ideologies of the west in twentieth century
2. Antonio Gramsci
a. Interpretation of Marxism
b. Theory of culture and power
c. Theory of hegemony
3. John Rawls
26
a. Theory of Justice
b. Ideas of modern democracy and law
4. Michel Foucault
a. Ideas on discourse of power
5. Jurgen Hebarmas
a. Public sphere
b. Rule of law and democracy
6. Francis Fukuyama’s End of History
7. Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization
8. Subaltern Thought
a. Gayatri Spivak
b. Homi Bhabh
Recommended Books
1. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffith and Helen Tiffin, The Post Colonial Studies Reader (New
York: Routledge, 1995)
2. Collin Farrelly, ed. Contemporary Political Theory (London: Sage Pub, 2004).
3. James Gordon, Habermas: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: OUP, 2005).
4. Terence Ball, The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 200
17.PSIR-303: Comparative Political Systems of Developed States
Course Objectives:
5. This course is designed to enable the students for a comparative study of the political
systems of developed countries.
6. The main emphasis will be on political systems of major countries of the region like
USA, UK and China will be studied in depth.
7. This study will not only provide the students with basic knowledge about the actual
functioning of these political systems, but also enable them to make a meaningful
comparison among any of the countries and find out the reasons of malfunctioning, if
any.
8. The course introduces the main concepts on political systems to provide insight for
studying political realm as a system and to expand students’ empirical knowledge of
present day political systems through comparison of similarities and differences of
political systems in selected countries.

5. Understand the Political systems, state structure and type of government of developed
countries.
6. Compare different types of political systems.
7. Discover and compare different aspects of socio-political issues and political conflicts.
27
8. Have a deep knowledge of political history of the countries under study.
Course Contents:
Following aspects of the political systems of China, UK and USA shall be studied.
1. Historical background and development;
2. Constitutional/legal foundations of the system;
3. Political process and political recruitment;
4. Political parties and pressure groups
5. Functioning of the organs of the government: legislature, executive and judiciary
6. Political environmental factors influencing the politics such as geographic, socio-
economic, international scenario, media etc.
7. Political culture
Recommended Books:
1. F. N Forman and N. D.J Baldwin, British Politics, London: MacMillan, 1991.
2. G.Q. Wilson, American Government: Institutions and Politics, 3rd edition, Heath & Co.,
n.d.
3. Harold J. Laski, Parliamentary Government in England, London, Allen & Unwin, 1960.
4. J. M. Colomer, Political Institutions in Europe, London, 1996.
5. P.G Cocker, Contemporary British Politics and Government, Kent, Tudor Business
Publishing Ltd., 1993.
6. Pomper McWilliams Baker, American Government, McMillan Publishing Co. London,
1993.
7. Ramsay Muir, How Britain is Governed, London, Constable & Co., 1940
8. Robert G. Neumann, European Government, New York: McGraw-Hill, INC, 196
9. Thomas E. Patterson, The American Democracy, Boston, McGraw Hill College, 1999
18.PSIR-410:Foreign Policy of Major Powers
Course Objectives:
• This course seeks to familiarize about the students foreign policy, theory analysis and
international relations.
• It will examine the context of foreign policy, the ongoing debates in the area in relation
to contemporary concerns in a globalizing world.
• The course will focus on foreign policy decision-making, the role of bureaucracies, the
Domestic sources of foreign policy and the globalization dimension.
• Keeping in view these areas, the foreign policies of America and China will receive an
in-depth treatment.
• To give a comparative understanding of the historical background.
• To highlight principles, objectives, determinants and procedures of foreign policies of
USA, China and Russian Federation.
• To understand the interdependence among foreign policies these three countries
28
• Apply major theoretical approaches in comparative politics
• Employ approaches to understand and explain the contemporary foreign policy problems
and international phenomenon
• Explore interdependence among the major power policies and to highlight principles,
objectives, determinants and procedures of foreign policies of USA, China and Russian
Federation.
• Focus on foreign policy decision-making, the role of bureaucracies, the Domestic sources
of foreign policy and the globalization dimension.
Couse Content:
The foreign policies of these countries are to be studied, and compared from the following
dimensions
1. Historical background
2. Major determinants
3. Aims and objectives
4. Case studies: Comparative Foreign Policy of US, Russia, and China.
Suggesting Readings:
 Foreign Policy Analysis by Chris alden and AmnonAran (2012)
 Soft Power and US Foreign Policy(Theoretical, Historical and Contemporary
perspectives (Edited by InderjeetParmar and Michael Cox) (2010)
 US Foreign Policy and the Rogue State Doctrine (by Alex Miles) (2013)
 The Rise of China-Implications for India ( Edited by Harsh V. Pant) (2012)
 SOFT POWER- Chijna’s Emerging Strategy in International Politics ( edited by
Mingjiang Li) (2010)
 Handbook of China’s International Relations( Edited by : Shuan Breslin-2010)
 Introduction to International Relations-Power and Justice-(Theodore A. Couloumbis;
James H. Wolfe) ( 1978)
19.PSIR-416: Foreign policy of Pakistan
Course Objectives:
•To understand the concepts, determinant and background of foreign policy of Pakistan.
•To analyze the national interests of Pakistan
•To evaluate Pakistan’s relations with various states of the world.
•To acquire basic concepts of foreign policy of Pakistan in effective way.

• Understand foreign policy of Pakistan at large.
• Evaluate different aspects of foreign policy of Pakistan
• Analyze the capacity and potential knowledge of foreign policy of Pakistan.
29
• Comprehend and able to define Pakistan foreign policy with regional and international
powers.
Course content:
1. Introduction to the course
2. Historical events from 1947-58
3. Constitutions of Pakistan
4. Evaluation of following eras and policies of leaders:
• 1971-77
• 1977-1988
• 1988-2001
5. 9/11 and its consequences
6. The confrontation within and counterterrorism challenges
7. Relations with China
8. Relations with India
9. Relations with Saudi Arab, Turkey and Iran
10. The nuclear issue and Pakistan Foreign Policy
Required Readings:
1. Sattar , A. ( 2013). Pakistan’s foreign policy 1947-2012; A concise history, 3rd Edition.
Oxford University Press.
2. Amin, S.M. (2011). Pakistan’s foreign policy ; A reappraisal. 2nd Edition., Oxford
University Press.
3. Lodhi , M. (Ed). ( 2011). Pakistan beyond the crisis state. Hurst and Company Ltd.
4. Kasuri , K.M. ( 2015). Neither a Hawk Nor a Dove ; An Insiders’ account of Pakistan’s
Foreign Relations including details of the Kashmir Framework. Oxford University Press.
5. Schofield & Butt (Eds). ( 2012). Pakistan; The US, geopolitics and grand strategies. Pluto
Press.
6. Kux, D. (2003). The United States and Pakistan 1947-2000; Disenchanted allies. Oxford
University Press.
7. Yusuf. M (Ed). (2014). Pakistan’s counterterrorism challenge. Foundation Books.
Recommended Readings:
1. Stanley Wolpert, India and Pakistan: Continued Conflict or Cooperation (Berkeley:

University of California Press, 2010).
2. Farzana Sheikh , Making Sense of Pakistan (London: Hirst, 2009).
3. Hussain Haqqani . Magnificent Delusions. Pakistan, United States and an epic History of
Misunderstanding. Public Affairs. 2013
4. Cohen, Stephen P. Shooting for a century: the India-Pakistan conundrum. Brookings
Institution Press, 2013.
5. Cohen, Stephen P. The idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution Press, 2004.
6. Markey, Daniel S. No exit from Pakistan: America's tortured relationship with Islamabad.
Cambridge University Press, 2013.
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7. Riedel, Bruce O. Avoiding Armageddon: America, India, and Pakistan to the brink and
back. Brookings Institution Press, 2013.
8. Rashid, Ahmed. Descent into chaos: the US and the failure of nation building in Pakistan,
Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Penguin, 2008.
9. Mushahid Hussain Syed, Pakistan and the Changing Regional Scenario: Reflections of a
Journalist, Progressive Publishers, Lahore, First Edition: March 1988, Library of
Congress Catalog Card No. 88-930672
10. Hasan Askari Rizvi . Pakistan and the geostrategic environment. Palgrave Macmillan.
1993.
20.PSIR-417: Human Rights
Course Objectives:
•To understand basic concept of human rights

•To know why and how human rights have become part of International Law
•To gain knowledge about forms of repression and their impact on societies

•Evaluate the academic texts and real-world examples of government policy choices.
•Develop a conceptually and empirically informed understanding of the debates surrounding
human rights repression.
• Conceptualize issues and theoretical debates
Course content:
1. What are human rights?
• Defining human rights
• Philosophy of human rights-- do human rights exist? What makes a right a human right?
• A brief history of human rights, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
and its impact
• Application of the human rights concept to four case studies
2. Fundamental rights of the individual
• Life—preventing genocide
• Liberty—fighting human trafficking
• Security of the person
o Protection from torture
o What constitutes cruel punishment?
3. Use of the law in defense of rights
• Equality before the law—fighting discrimination based on:
o Race—discussion of Black Lives Matter
o Gender—women’s rights in Saudi Arabia
• Group project on rights of the accused:
o Protection from arbitrary arrest and detention
o Presumption of innocence in fair and public trials
4. Civil and political rights
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• Right to privacy, and how it has been affected by modern technology
• Freedom of movement and right to asylum—Syrian refugee crisis and the American
response
• Right to marry and form a family
• Freedom of thought, conscience, religion-- Comparing religious freedoms around the
world
• Freedom of opinion and expression
o Challenges in protecting free speech in the U.S.
o Fighting for free speech under repressive regimes
• Freedom of assembly and association
• Right to take part in the government of one’s country
5. Social rights
• Right to work, under favorable conditions and for fair and equal pay
• Right to an adequate standard of living, including food, clothing, shelter, and medical
care
• Right to education
Suggested Readings:
• P Alston - R Goodman, International Human Rights (Oxford University Press, 2012).
• D Moeckli et als (eds) International Human Rights Law (3rd edition, Oxford University
Press, 2017).
• R Smith, Texts and Materials on International Human Rights, (3rd edition, Routledge,
2013).
• J Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, (3rd edition, Cornell
University Press, 2013).
• M Freeman, Human Rights (3rd edition, Polity, 2017).
• S Marks and A Clapham, International Human Rights Lexicon (Oxford University Press,
2005).
• J Nickel, Making Sense of Human Rights (2nd edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2006).
21.PSIR-418: Ethnic conflicts in Global perspectives
Course objectives:
Oromo protests in Ethiopia. Hazara demonstrations in Afghanistan. Sectarian tensions in Syria.

Ethnic conflict, especially since the end of the Cold War, has received significant attention in the
popular media. Indeed, it seems that most violent conflicts today are reported as originating from
“ethnic grievances” or “ethnic incompatibilities.”
 This course addresses these claims and others, examining theoretically and practically
ethnicity and conflict.
 Focusing on concepts related to ethnicity and its subsequent properties, major theories in
the field, and the systematic study of ethnic conflict, the course provides both a critical
overview of the field and new avenues for its study.
32
 Students will work on identifying and analyzing the readings’ main arguments, thinking
of case studies where these theoretical views are seen—or are not—and approaches to
studying issues related to ethnicity and conflict.

After completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Understand the meaning of Nationalism, Identity and ethnic identity.
 Understand and analyze the politics of identity in global perspective.
 Critically identify the issues related to ethnicity and ethnic conflicts in global perspective.
 Identify and discuss the different ethnic conflicts and movements on national and
international level.
Course content:
1. Nationalism and identity
2. What makes an “ethnic” identity Ethnic?
3. Politics of identity
4. Ethnicity and public goods provision
5. Ethnicity and grievances
6. Ethnic Civil War – or not ?
7. Ethnicity versus nationalism
8. Self-determination movements and the state role
9. Ethnic conflict and globalization
Suggested Readings:
• Geoff Eley and Ronald Suny, eds., Becoming National: a reader (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1996).
• Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict 2nd ed. (Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press, 2000).
22.PSIR-414: Terrorism and Counter Terrorism
Course Objectives:
On 11 September 2001, the study of terrorism shot from a relatively niche activity in political
science to a top national priority for many governments. Over the past fifteen years, the US
government alone has handed tens of millions of dollars to researchers to study how and why
people become terrorists, and the means by which states can secure themselves from the threat
terrorism poses. The ‘Global War on Terror’ has cost Canada, the US, the UK, and numerous
other states an enormous price in money and in blood. And the scholarly literature on terrorism
and counterterrorism has blossomed as a result. There are numerous questions we might ask
about the always-controversial subject of terrorism, and those studying it have sought to answer
them. The social science literature features significant discussions on what terrorism is, why it
happens, how it works, the ways it has evolved, and what governments have been doing to
counter it. And of course, scholars have also investigated how the label of ‘terrorist’ is used
rhetorically and politically. These discussions have incorporated insights and approaches from a
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variety of academic disciplines, and the field of terrorism studies incorporates work in
international relations, comparative politics, history, sociology, and psychology.
 This course offers a window into the study of terrorism, giving students a critical survey
of terrorism as an historical phenomenon and of ‘terrorism studies’ as a field of academic
research.
 The course begins by discussing terrorism as a concept and as a strategy, looking at how
persons and groups have used terrorism as a means to ends. Then broadens our horizons
by looking at terrorism through a (social) psychological lens and through critical theory,
and examine several contrasting cases.
 The course examines counter-terrorism, looking at multiple cases and focusing in
particular on the United States. Finally, discusses some normative issues, bringing in
perspectives from political philosophy and theory.
Course Learning outcomes:

By the end, students should be able to:
 To clearly study terrorism, with a critical survey of terrorism as an historical
phenomenon and of terrorism studies as a field of academic research.
 Engage critically and knowledgably with the recent and current issues related to the
‘War on Terror’ and to the threat of far-right terrorism, jihadi movements, homegrown
and foreign threats, radicalization and extremism, as well as some of the dangers of an
overly aggressive or powerful domestic security apparatus.
 To understand and realize the various socio-political and socio economic issues related
to terrorism and counter terrorism on different societies.
Course content:
8. Defining terrorism
9. Terrorism in historical and strategic perspective
10. Psychological approaches to studying terrorism
11. Comparison of Cases: IRA, Al Qaeda, ISIS, Hamas
12. Critical approaches to terrorism
13. Counter terrorism and counter insurgency
14. The US and War on Terror
15. Normative perspectives on terrorism and counter terrorism
Suggested Readings:
1. Ami Pedahzur and Magnus Ranstorp: ”A tertiary model for countering terrorism in
liberal democracies: The case of Israel”, in John Horgan and Kurt Braddock, ed.,
Terrorism Studies: A Reader (Routledge 2012), pp. 313-330
2. Audrey Kurth Cronin, “Why Drones Fail: When Tactics Drive Strategy”, Foreign Affairs
July/August (2013)
3. Brigitte L. Nacos, ”Terrorist Propaganda and the Media”, in Terrorism and
Counterterrorism: Understanding Threats and Responses in the Post-9/11 World
(Pearson, 2nd ed. 2007), pp. 221-240
4. Brigitte L. Nacos, ”Anti- and Counterterrorism in the News”, in Terrorism and
Counterterrorism: Understanding Threats and Responses in the Post-9/11 World
(Pearson, 2nd ed. 2007), pp. 257-271
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5. Bruce Hoffman, “Radicalization and Subversion: Al Qaeda and the 7 July 2005
Bombings and the 2006 Airline Bombing Plot”, in Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, #32
2009, pp. 1100-1116
6. Christopher Coker, “Asymmetrical Warfare: Ends or Means?”, in John Olsen, ed.,
Asymmetric Warfare (Oslo: Norwegian Air Force Academy 2002), pp. 319-340.
7. Daniel Byman, “Why Drones Work: The Case for Washington’s Weapon of Choice”,
Foreign Affairs July/August (2013)
8. David Cole: ”Confronting the Wizard of Oz: National Security, Expertise, and Secrecy”,
in Connecticut Law Review, Vol. 44, July 2012 #5, pp. 1618-1625,
9. Davi• Robert Becher, ”NO, Why torture is wrong”, in Richard Jackson and Samuel
Justin Sinclair, ed., Contemporary Debates on Terrorism (Routledge 2012), pp. 159-164d
Lyon: ”Introduction”, in Surveillance after September 11 (Polity 2003
23.PSIR-420:Conflict and Corporation in South Asia
Course Objectives:
 The course is a systematic exploration into the avenues of conflict and cooperation in
South Asia.
 It intends to familiarize students with politics of extremism among South Asian states
while discussing causes and consequences of conflicts in the region.
 The course further looks into the strategic importance of South Asia in the world.

After successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Have basic knowledge about economic, political, geographical and strategic importance
of south Asian countries with a special focus on India and Pakistan.
 Have deep insight into the significance of south Asia on international level.
 Have the ability to know about the different types of conflicts in this region and their
causes and effects on domestic, regional and international politics.
 Better understand the regional and international efforts to contain and solve these issues
and conflicts.
Course Contents:
1. South Asia: An introduction
2. Strategic importance of South Asia in the world
3. Armed conflicts in South Asia
4. The politics of extremism in South Asia
5. Cause and consequences of major conflicts in the region
6. External factors in perpetuating the conflicts in South Asia
7. South Asia as nuclear flashpoint
8. Regional and international efforts to contain conflicts in the region
9. South Asia and the region
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Recommended Books
1. William Elison, Christian Lee Novetzke and Andy Rotman, Amar Akbar Anthony:
Bollywood, Brotherhood, and the Nation (Harvard University Press)
2. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffith and Helen Tiffin, The Post Colonial Studies Reader (New
York: Routledge, 1995
3. Moonis Ahmer, Internal and External Dynamics of South Asian Security (Karachi:
Fazelesons, Pvt. Ltd., 1998)
4. Dipankar Banerjee, Confidence Building Measures in South Asia (Sri Lanka: Regional
Center for Strategic Studies, 1999)
5. Shelton Kodikara, External Compulsion of South Asian Politics (Karachi: OUP. 1993)
24.PSIR-425: Foreign Policy of India
Course objectives:
Since winning independence from Britain in 1947, India has always been a regional power to
reckon with. With a huge linguistically, culturally and ethnically diverse population, it has
functioned as a vibrant democracy for over five decades. In the last twenty years, it has also
become an economic powerhouse and a nuclear weapons state. These factors along with the rise
of China and 9/11, have catapulted it into the international limelight. Today it is an
acknowledged rising power with international clout.
 This course examines the complex dynamics of India’s rise, focusing on the major
elements of its foreign policy and its role in the world.
 It studies this within the context of Indian politics and history and uses IR theory to
understand and analyze its behavior.

The course will enable the students to:
 Know the basic knowledge about the political history of India, and the factors which lead
India emerge as a hegemonic state of the region.
 Understand the factors behind the elements involved in foreign policy making process of
India.
 Understand India’s relations with its neighbors and major powers, conflicts and
cooperation on regional and global level that influence the foreign policy of India.
 Have a deep insight into the policies and strategies which India has been adopted in
formulating her foreign policy to become and maintain its hegemonic status in the region.
Course content:
• How India gained independence.
• India as a new nation
• Nehru’s India: Idealism
• The troubles with Pakistan
• The threat of terrorism
• Nuclear India
• India as a rising power
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• The history of transformation of Indo-US relations
• Relations with Neighbors
Suggested Readings:
• Ramachandra Guha, India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy,
HarperCollins, 2008
• R.J. McMahon, Food as a diplomatic weapon: The India wheat loan of 1951, Pacific
Historical Review 56(3), Aug. 1987, pp. 349-377.
• S.M. Walt, “International Relations: One world, many theories,” Foreign Policy, Spring
1998, pp. 29-46.
• J. Legro and A. Moravscik, “Is anybody still a realist?,” International Security 24(2), Fall
1999, pp. 5-55.
• J.W. Garver, “China’s decision for war with India in 1962,” in A.I. Johnston and R. Ross
(ed.), New Directions in the Study of China’s Foreign Policy, Stanford University Press,
Paulo Alto CA, 2006, pp. 86-130.
• M. Miller, Wronged by Empire: Post-Imperial Ideology and Foreign Policy in India and
China, Stanford University Press 2013, Ch. 3.
• S. Ganguly, The Crisis in Kashmir: Portents of War, Hopes of Peace, Cambridge
University Press, 1997, pp. 43-57, 58-91
• R. Jahan, Pakistan Failure in National Integration, Columbia University Press 1972, pp.
185-204.
• R. Basrur, “India: A major power in the making,” in T. Volgy et al (ed.), Major Powers
and the Quest for Status in International Politics, Palgrave MacMillan, 2011, pp. 181-
202.
25.PSIR-431: Major Issues of Muslim World
Course Objectives
To study major international movements and events to understand the issue of Muslim world
•To comprehend the critical political issues in the field of International Relations, like
sovereignty, social contact, power politics and balance of power in the Muslim world.
•To study the role of political and religious ideologies, which have played significant role in
shaping the international system

• Understand the Challenges faced by the Muslim world
• Evaluate the conflict-Nature of different Muslims region
• Evaluate the role of politics as a determining factor of historical and contemporary
changes in the system.
• Design pattern of subject with various Examples.
Course Content:
1. Muslim World: Geographical Location and Demographic Profile
2. Major Issues:
a) Arab-Israel Issue
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b) Kashmir issue
c) Afghanistan Issue
d) Terrorism and religious extremism
e) Status of women/minorities in Muslim world
f) Underdevelopment
g) Environmental issues
h) Water resources
i) Cyprus, Sudan and East Taimure
Recommended Books:
1. A. L. Marayati, The Middle East: Its Government and Politics, Latest Edition.
2. Bill, J.A., Politics in the Middle East, Boston: 1979.
3. Borthwick, B.M. Comparative Politics of the Middle East, New Jersey: 1980.
4. Dab Perez, The Politics of Middle East, Binghamton University Press, 1996.
5. Glenn Karey, The Middle East; Fourteen Islamic Countries, New Jersey, Englewood
Clifs, 1992.
6. H. Basheriyah, The State and Revolution in Iran, Latest Edition.
7. Halpern, M. The Politics of Social Change Jersey, Engle wood Clifs, 1992.
8. John L. Esposit, Islam and Politics, Syracuse University Press, 1998.
9. Lanczowski, G. The M.E. and the World Affairs, New Jersey, 1962.
10. Peter Mansfield, A History of the Middle East and Arab peoples, London, 1 992.
26. PSIR-426: Governance and Democracy
Course Objectives
Governance and democracy are vital phenomena in the arena of stable political system. These
two concepts have a long history and have acquired different shapes and forms over the period of
time.
This course reflects how good governance effects the overall political system including human
resource management and decision making process. The key aims of the subject are to:
• develop an understanding practical governance
• develop knowledge of the key elements of governance
• examine modern trends in governance
• develop an understanding of how legislation and regulation drive good corporate
governance practices
• examine current topical issues in governance

Upon the completion of this course, students will be able to:
• Understand the basics of governance, democracy and stable political system.
• Develop an understanding of problems, strategies of good governance, and human
resource management.
• Understand how governance affects the decision making process.
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Course Content:
1. Good Governance: definition and dimensions
2. Issues in Governance:
a. Institutional Reforms
b. Accountability
c. Transparency
d. Dispensation of Justice
e. Human Rights
3. Problems and Strategies of Good Governance
a. Stable Political System
b. Human Resource Development and Human Resource Management.
4. Productive Economy and Equitable distribution of Resources
a. Working of Institutions: Political and Administrative
b. Decision Making: Participatory Decision Making at National, Provincial and local levels.
5. Problems and Prospects of Good Governance.
Recommended Books:
1. Cheema, G.S. and D. Rondinelli. Decentralization and Development: Policy
Implementation in Developing Countries. Beverly Hills: Sage.1984.
2. D-8 Conference Report on Good Governance and Institutional Regimes, Planning
Commission, Islamabad: Government of Pakistan,1999.Mahbubul Haq, Good
Governance in South Asia, New York, UNDP.
3. Hussain Mushahid, Akmal Hussain. Pakistan: Problem of
Governance. Lahore Vanguard Books PVT. LTD. 1993.
4. HyeHasnat Abdul (ed) Governance: South Asia Perspective. Karachi. Oxford University
Press. 2000.
5. Pascale, R., Managing on the Edge. New York: Simon and Schuster.1990.
6. Public Sector Management, Governance and sustainable Human Development. New
York. UNDP. 1996.
7. Seminar Proceedings on Good Governance in Pakistan held at the Department of Public
Administration, University of Karachi, Karachi: 1999.
8. SIDA. Poverty, Environment and Development: Proposals for Action. Stockholm: SIDA
1991.
9. Siddiqui Tasneem Ahmed., Towards Good Governance. Oxford University Press 2001.
10. Sohail Mamood, the Mushraf Regime and the Governance Crises: A Case Study of the
Government of Pakistan, Himtington, New York: Nova Science, 2001.
11. UNDP. Cities, People and Poverty: Urban Development Cooperation for the 1990s. New
York: United Nations, 1991.
12. UNDP. Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press. (1993
13. .UNDP. The Urban Environment in Developing Countries. New York: United Nations.
(1992b)
14. UNDP. UNDP: A Charter for Change (Parts I & II). New York: UNDP. (1993)
15. .UNDTCD. Measures to Enhance the Capacity of Management improvement Agencies in
Developing Countries. New York: United Nations. 1992.
16. World Bank. Assistance Strategies to Reduce Poverty. Washington, DC, 1999
17. .World Bank. Governance and Development. Washington, DC. (1992).
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27.PSIR-443: Dynamics of Kashmir Conflict
Course Objectives:
The course aims:
• To provide undergrads with sufficient understanding of the geographic, historical,
political, diplomatic, social and legal perspectives on Kashmir issue and its importance in
International Relations.
• To study and analyze the United Nations Resolutions on the Kashmir Conflict and to
evaluate them separately.
• To equip students with a sound grounding of the role of Major Powers in the Kashmir
Conflict.
• Demonstrate increased understanding on the Kashmir Conflict.
• Assess different resolutions by United Nations on Kashmir conflict
• Critically analyze the conflict and share out of the box ideas in making a contribution to
the academic discourse.
Course Contents:
1. Geo-political and Historical Perspectives on Kashmir Conflict
a. Pre-partitioning
b. Partitioning of the Subcontinent
c. Post-Independence
d. Cold War
e. Post Cold War
2. Current Nature and Significance of the Conflict
3. Moral, Legal, and International Law Perspectives on Kashmir Conflict
4. Role of the UN, and other International Forums
5. Internal Dynamics of Kashmir
6. Pakistan and India’s Standpoints
7. Issues of Human Rights
8. Role of Major Powers and International Community in Kashmir Conflict
9. Options on Resolution of Kashmir Conflict and the Way Forward
Recommended Books:
1. Alastair Lamb, Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 1846-1990 (Oxford University Press,
1991).
2. Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948
(London: Oxford University Press, 2002).
3. Ijaz Hussain, Kashmir Dispute: An International Law Perspective (National Institute of
Pakistan Studies: Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 1998).
4. Victoria Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War (IB
Tauris, 2000).
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28.PSIR-442: Contemporary Regional and International Issues
Course Contents
1. Contemporary Traditional Issues.
a. The Jammu and Kashmir Dispute. The issue will be analyzed from its historical
perspective to-date, emphasizing on; geopolitical and economic significance, role of major
powers, uprisings, role of religious factions and political organizations, international community
(UNO) and Kashmir, and finding a realistic and practical solutin of the issue.
b. Middle Eastern Crisis. From disintegration of Ottoman Empire to the contemporary
times, emphasizing on; Palestine issue, clash of ideologies between Iran and GCC, role of major
powers, contemporary uprising and future prospects.
c. Political and Security issues of Asia Pacific will be discussed in the regional perspective
such as a clash between Japan and China and South Korea and North Korea/China. Globally, US
China clash over the dominance in East Asia will be discussed.
d. Contemporary Issues of Central Asia and Caucasia: The issues ever since their
emergence, particularly Islamic renaissance and nationalism will be discussed. The state of
affairs of the Central Asian countries ever since their independence in 1990-91 will be discussed
in their security, political and economic perspective. In particular, the role of the Russian
Federation in the Central Asian and Caucasian republics would be analyzed in its present
context. In addition, this segment would also include the role of the United States and the other
major powers of the world in the region.
2. The Contemporary Non-Traditional Issues
a. The Water issues of SouthThe issues of cross-border water distribution, utilization,
management and manipulation of water, affecting the upper and lower riparian countries in
South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal). The issue is gradually taking centre-stage in
defining interstate relations leading towards water wars.
b. The Global Energy: Hydrocarbons and Pipeline Politics. The scope of this module will
include the global efforts to secure the hydrocarbons of Middle East, Central Asia/ Caspian
region and Africa.
c. Political Islam: Reality and Perception
d. Environmental issues, natural disaster and climate change
e. Terrorism: its regional and global impact with particular emphasis on Pakistan and
Afghanistan.
f. The Global Poverty, Food crises and their Impacts
g. International Economic Issues
h. Global impact of HIV and AIDs
i. Cyber warfare; a new forms of warfare
j. Migration, displacement, refugees and international politics
Recommended Books:
1. Panigrahi, D. N. ed. Jammu and Kashmir, the Cold War and the West. New Delhi:
Routledge, 2009.
41
2. Victoria, Schofield. Kashmir in the Crossfire. London: I. B Tauris and Co Ltd, 1996.
3. Bazaz, Prem Nath. The History of Struggle for Freedom in Kashmir. New Delhi :
Kashmir Publishing Co, 1954.
4. Haq, Zahur-ul. Kashmir From B.C. To 1991. Lahore: Progressive Publishers, 1991.
5. Lamb, Alastair. Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy 1846-1990. Karachi: Oxford University
Press, 2000
6. Bazaz, Prem Nath. Inside Kashmir. Mirpur: Verinag Publishers, 1987.
7. K. F., Yousaf ed. Perspectives on Kashmir. (Islamabad: Sadyal Composers, 1994.
8. Lamb, Alastair. Birth of a Tragedy – Kashmir 1947. Karachi: Oxford University Press,
1994.
9. Khalidi, Rashid. Palestinian Identity, the Construction of Modern National
Consciousness, and With a New Introduction. New York: Columbia University press,
1893.
10. Smith, D. Charles. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. London: Palgrave Macmillan,
2004.
29.PSIR-344: International and Regional Organizations
Course Objectives:
 The course will broadly expose students to regional organizations as agencies of regional
orders. Their evolution, structure and functioning in political, economic and social fields.
The role of these organizations in post-cold war era will be examined as well.
 The goal of this course is to help the students forge their own analytical framework to
understand as well as explain international affairs. History of contemporary international
organizations can be dated back to the early 19th century. In the aftermath of the World
War II, a growing number of international organizations indicated the needs for sovereign
states to deal with common problems. International nongovernmental organizations
increased tremendously also as a reaction to the pressing issues such as climate change.
 This course will review the origins, structures, and functions of major international
governmental and nongovernmental organizations.

 Understand the importance of the role of organizations.
 Acquire knowledge and information about the formation of different regional and
international organizations and their achievements for bringing closer even rival nations.
 Make a comparison of different regional and international organizations and their
effectiveness for achieving their agenda.
Course Contents:
1. Definitions, Origin and Development of International Organizations
• Origin of the League of Nations, Structure, Successes and Failures
• Multilateralism in the 20th Century: Challenges of Global Governance
• Types of International Organizations
42
2. The United Nations System
3. Regional Organizations
a. European Union (EU)
b. Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
c. ASEAN Regional Forum
d. Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
e. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
f. Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
g. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
h. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Recommended Books:
1. A Leroy Bennett, International Organizations, New York, 2001.
2. Avi Shlaim, International Organizations in World Politics, New York yearbook, 1975.
3. Buzan, Barry., Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Society, 2003.
4. David A. Key (ed)., The United Nations Political System, latest edition.
5. David Armstrong., The Rise of the International Organization: A Short History, 2003.
6. Good speed, S. S., The Nature and Function of International
Organizations, latest edition.
7. Mahajan, V. D., International Relations Since 1919., S. Chand and Co., New Delhi, 1993.
8. Paul Taylor and A. J. R. Groom (eds)., International Organization – A Conceptual
Approach, latest edition.
30.PSIR-324: Principals and Theories of Political Science
Course Objectives
 The course Principles and theories of Political Science offers students a first introduction to
the central concepts and questions of Political Science.
 The core idea is that politics concerns conflict as well as cooperation regarding matters that
have to be organised for large groups of people. By using core concepts such as conflict,
cooperation, interests and power and a number of key political science questions, students
should be able to independently analyse political developments and events.
 Moreover, this course aims to educate students on the functioning of political systems,
introduce important political science theories, and offer students insight into the ways
important societal developments have affected politics over the last few decades.
 The course focuses on the political development and will discuss within its theoretical
framework. It begins by discussing what politics is, and goes on to explore some of the major
concepts and ideas in the field.

 Understand the meaning of political theory and its connection with the study of
political science
 Will have the knowledge that will help them understand politics and political phenomena.
 Develop a deeper understanding of the political world around them, how it works,
when and why it doesn’t, and what can be done to fix it.
43
 Gain knowledge of political ideologies and modern theories.
 Insight into the ways important societal developments have affected politics over the
last few decades.
Course Content:
1. Approaches to the Study
2. Structural and Functional Analysis
3. Group Politics
4. Political parties
5. Elites in Politics
6. Class Politics and its Analysis
7. Ideologies and Political Development
8. Leadership and Political Modernization
9. Revolution and Change
10. Violence and Terrorism in Politics
Recommended Books:
1. Almond G., & G. Bringham Powel, Jr. (ed.) Comparative Politics Today:A. World
View, Glenview Scott: 1988.
2. Curtis, M. & Jean Blondel:,Introduction to Comparative Politics, Harper Collins, NY.
1990.
3. Jane Erick Lane: Sevante Ersson, An Introduction to new Approaches, Cambridge,
England, Polity Press.
4. Lane, Jane Erick, Sevante Essen, Comparative Politics,Cambridge England.
5. Roy C. Macridis, R., & Steven berg, Introduction to Comparative Politics, Harper
Collins, NY. 1991.
6. Roth, D. Paul Wanwick, Comparative Politics, Harper Collins,
31.PSIR-334 :Major Issues in Pakistan’s Politics
Course Objectives:
The course aims at:
 To provide knowledge of the ideology of Pakistan which is the base of Political Structure
in Pakistan.
 To impart knowledge about domestic political, social and economic issues and conflicts,
their causes and consequences on overall political and economic development of
Pakistan.
 To highlight various socio-economic, religious and ethnic issues in Pakistan, with a focus
on the government policies to combat with such issues.
 To provide information on functions of various political institutions and their mutual
relations and conflicts.
Course learning outcomes
44
 Have knowledge of the ideology of Pakistan which is the base of Political Structure in
Pakistan.
 To learn about domestic political, social and economic issues and conflicts, their causes
and consequences on overall political and economic development of Pakistan.
 To understand various socio-economic, religious and ethnic issues in Pakistan, with a
focus on the government policies to combat with such issues.
 To have sufficient information on functions of various political institutions and their
mutual relations and conflicts.
Course Contents:
1. Ideology
2. Civil military relations
3. Centre province relation
4. Religious Issues
5. Ethnicity
6. Population
7. Politics of Exclusion and Inclusion
Recommended Books:
 G W Choudhary, Constitutional development in Pakistan, London: Longman, 1967.
 Hamid Khan, Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan Oxford University Press,
2005.
 Hasan Askari Rizvi, Military, State and Society in Pakistan, England: MacMillan, 2000.
 Mehr-un-Nisa Ali, Politics of Federalism in Pakistan, Royal Book Company, 1996.
 Muntzra Nazir, Federalism in Pakistan –Early Years, Pakistan Study Centre, University
of the Punjab, 2008.
 TahirAmeen, Ethno Nationalist Movements in Pakistan, Institute of Policy Studies, 1988.
32.PSIR-321:Political Parties and Elections in Pakistan
Course Objectives:
 To provide a better understanding of the origin and growth of Political Parties in
Pakistan.
 To familiarize the students with the Political environment, Culture and its influence on
party organizations and their functioning.
 To give them a clear understanding of major Political Parties i.e., national,
regional/nationalist, religious and ethnic political parties in the context of their
manifestos, functional framework and over all contributions to political stability,
modernization and change.
 To teach them the methods and process of elections and electoral system of Pakistan.
 To highlight the issues, conflicts and problems of electoral and party politics in Pakistan.
45
After the successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Understand the origin and growth of Political Parties in Pakistan.

 Get Familiarize with the Political environment, Culture and its influence on party
organizations and their functioning.
 Have a clear understanding of major Political Parties i.e., national, regional/nationalist,
religious and ethnic political parties in the context of their manifestos, functional
framework and over all contributions to political stability, modernization and change.
 Know the methods and process of elections and electoral system of Pakistan.
 To highlight the issues, conflicts and problems of electoral and party politics in Pakistan
Course Content:
1. Political parties in Pakistan: Their origin and growth
2. Pakistan Socio Economic Environment, Political Culture and its influence on party
organizations and their functioning.
3. A critical Study of major Political Parties i.e., national, regional/nationalist, religious and
ethnic political parties in the context of their manifestos, functional framework and over
all contributions to political stability, modernization and change.
4. Military influences, party alliances and their impact on national politics.
5. Electoral behavior and political change since 1950s.
6. Changing trends in electoral process: A critical analysis of general election in Pakistan
since 1960s.
7. Problems and prospects of electoral and party politics in Pakistan.
Recommended Books:
1. Afzal, Rafiq, Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I & II.
2. Askari, H., Military and Politics in Pakistan, Lahore: Progressive Publishers, 1988.
3. Aziz, K.K., Party Politics in Pakistan, 1947-58, National Commission on Historical and
Cultural Research, Islamabad, 1976.
4. Mahmood, Safdar, Pakistan: Political Roots and Developments, Oxford University Press,
Incorporated, 2002.
5. Norman Dunbar Palmer, Elections and political development: the South Asian
experience, Duke University Press, 1975.
6. Saeed, K.B., Politics in Pakistan: Nature and Direction of Change, Lahore: Vanguard,
1988.
7. Waseem, M, the 1993 Election Elections in Pakistan. Lahore, 1994.
8. Ziring, L., Pakistan: The Enigma of Political Development, Folkstone: Dawson, 1980.
33.PSIR-432: Politics of South Asia
Course Objectives:
46
 The course intends to provide comprehensive understanding to students of Politics & IR
about the diplomatic and regional politics in South Asia.
 It explore the nature of political and economic relations among nations in South Asia
while analyzing issues and conflicts in the region.
 The course also looks into dynamics of regional politics from the dynamics of regional
politics.
 The course intends to familiarize students of Politics/IR with the major principles of Area
Studies. History, significance and potentials of south Asian countries.
 The course further explores the energy resources and its potentials to build economic
relationship with other countries.
 This course will give a brief introduction to south Asia with a focus on political, cultural
and social structure and development.
 The course intends to familiarize students of Politics/IR with historical, strategic and
political significance of South Asian Region.
 To give them a picture of state structure, type of government and different political and
economic issues of these countries.
 The course is also aimed at comprehending nature of conflicts in the region.

 Know about the region with a focus on political, cultural and social structure and
development.
 To get familiarize with historical, strategic and religio-political significance of these
countries.
 To better understand the type of state structure, nature of government and different
political and economic issues.
 To have a clear understanding of conflicts in the region.
 To explore the nature of political and economic relations among nations in South Asia
while analyzing issues and conflicts in the region.
 Will be able to look into dynamics of regional politics from the dynamics of regional
politics
Course Contents:
1. An introduction to South Asian region
2. Dynamics of regional politics and diplomatic interactions
3. South Asian States and their behavioral pattern
4. Evaluation of regional politics
a. Colonial Era
b. Post-Partition Scenario
c. Religio-Political developments in Post-partitioned South Asia
5. Nature and Factors of geo-politics of South Asia
6. Role of India and Pakistan in determining geopolitical options of the region
7. External influence and regional politics
Recommended Books
47
• Moonis Ahmer, Internal and External Dynamics of South Asian Security (Karachi:
Fazelesons, Pvt. Ltd., 1998)
• Dipankar Banerjee, Confidence Building Measures in South Asia (Sri Lanka: Regional
Center for Strategic Studies, 1999)
• Shelton Kodikara, External Compulsion of South Asian Politics (Karachi: OUP. 1993)
34. PSIR- 451: Politics of Central Asia
Course Objectives:
 The course intends to familiarize students of Politics/IR with the major principles of Area
Studies. History, significance and potentials of Central Asian Republics are among the
basic areas explored in the study.
 The course further explores the energy resources of CARs and its potentials to build
economic relationship with energy hungry South Asia and China.
 This course will give a brief introduction to Central Asian region of the world with a
focus on political, cultural and social structure and development.
religio-political significance of CARs..
economic issues of these countries.

 Know about Central Asian region of the world with a focus on political, cultural and
social structure and development.
 To get familiarize with historical, strategic and religio-political significance of these
countries.
political and economic issues.
Course Contents:
1. Central Asia: An Introduction
2. An overview of Contemporary Central Asian Republics (CARs)
3. Internal dynamic of Central Asia
4. Geo-political, geo-strategic and eco-strategic significance of Central Asia
5. Trans-regional interactions between South and Central Asia
6. Great Game revisited in Central Asia
7. CARs and regional cooperation
Recommended Books
1. Rashid Ahmed, The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam and Nationalism (Karachi: OUP,
1994)
48
2. Bosworth, C.E., & M. S. Aimov, History of Civilization of Central Asia (Delhi: Motilal
Publishers, 2003)
3. Dani, Ahmad Hassan, Central Asia Today (Lahore: Sang-i-Meel Publications, 1996)
4. Glenn, John, The Soviet Legacy in Central Asia (London: Macmillan Press, 1999)
5. Roy, Oliver, The New South Asia: Geo-Politics and the Birth of Nation (New York: I B
Tauris, 2007)
35.PSIR-435: Regional Connectivity and CPEC
Course objectives:
The course aims:
• To help understand the international political economy, emphasizing on regional
connectivity.
• To cover the debate surrounding the region for regarding the new strategy of China for
regional integration through market economy.
• To trace the ways in which trends in connectivity, international trade, production and
finance contribute to the development of a region.
• Provide an overview of the economic connectivity in the 21st century.
• Understand key concepts, theories, and explanations of economic connectivity, reducing
security risks.
• Able to think critically and analytically about the policy options for a state or government
in dealing with its economy and connectivity with other countries
Course Outline:
1. Regional Connectivity: Theory and Practice
2. Preparing for Asian Century: Sources of Growth and Development
3. Regional Cooperation and Integration in Asia
4. China and its strategy of integration
5. Revivalism of Silk Routes: One Belt, One Road Strategy
6. CPEC: From Conceptualization to Realization
a. Near Term: Early Harvest Phase (2015-2020).
b. Medium Term: Development Phase (2021-2025).
c. Long Term: Comprehensive Development Stage (2026-2030).
7. CPEC and Connectivity
• South Asian Connectivity
• Central Asian Connectivity
• Middle Eastern Connectivity
• African and European Connectivity
• Potential Challenges to CPEC
• Transit Trade Facility to CAR’s
10. Inter-Provincial and Regional Grievances
49
11. India, Afghanistan and their Nexus of Gulf states
12. American Strategy to Contain China
13.CPEC: A Game Changer and Harbinger for Inclusive Regional Economic Development,
Prosperity and Peace.
Recommended Books
1. Minhas Majeed Khan, Ahmad Rashid Malik, Saira Ijaz and Ume Farwa, eds., China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Game Changer (Islamabad: Institute of Strategic Studies,
2016).
2. Lin Sangwon, Enhancing Regional Connectivity: Towards a Regional Arrangement for
the Facilitation of Cross Border Paperless Trade (United Nations, 2016).
3. Babar Ayaz, What’s Wrong With Pakistan (India: Hay House, 2013).
4. Carlson, Unifying China, Integrating with World: Securing Chinese Sovereignty in the
Reform Era (Singapore: NUS Press, 2008).
5. Madhumanti Debnath, Strategic Implications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
(Munich: GRIN Publishing, 2017).
6. R. Deepak, China's Global Rebalancing and the New Silk Road (Singapore: Springer,
2018).
7. Maximilian Mayer, ed., Rethinking the Silk Road: China’s Belt and Road Initiative and
Emerging Eurasian Relations (Palgrave McMillan, 2018).
36.PSIR-320: Foreign Policy Analysis
Course Objectives:
•To enable the students to analyze the foreign policy of a country from different aspects
•To study the foreign policy making process and the role of state and non-state actors in this
process in different political systems.
•To introduce the students framework of analysis in the study of foreign policy analysis.
•To analyze the pertinent foreign policy decisions in a theoretical framework and applying
models of foreign policy making.

• Understand foreign policy making processes in general.
• Acquire knowledge of different theories and models of foreign policy making.
• Analyze significant foreign policy decisions and their outcomes
Course Content:
1. Importance of foreign policy in International Relations
2. Principles and objectives of foreign policy
3. Determinants of foreign policy
4. Theories of Foreign Policy
5. Foreign policy making process
50
• Approaches to the study of foreign policy-formulation
• Elements of Foreign Policy
• Models of foreign policy decision making
• Internal and external inputs/pressures and limitations in the formulation of foreign policy
• Leaders, Institutions and Process
• Foreign Policy, Media, Public Opinion and Domestic Politics
• Foreign Policy; National and Transnational Actors
6. Various strategies for the achievement of the aims and objectives, implementation-
opportunities and obstacles
7. Foreign policy making process of selected countries
Suggested Readings:
1. Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield, and Tim Dunne. 2012. “Introduction,” in Steve Smith,
Amelia Hadfield, and Tim Dunne (eds.) Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases (Oxford
University Press)
2. Valerie M. Hudson. 2012. “The History and Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis,” in
Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield, and Tim Dunne (eds.) Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors,
Cases (Oxford University Press)
3. Brian White. 1999. “The European Challenge to Foreign Policy Analysis,” European
Journal of International Relations, Vol. 5: 37-66.
Further Reading
1. Valerie M. Hudson, “Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of
International Relations," Foreign Policy Analysis, Vol. 1, No. 1 (March 2005), pp. 1-30.
2. Walter Carlsnaes. 2002. “Foreign Policy Analysis,” in Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse,
and Beth A. Simmons (eds.) Handbook of International Relations (London: Sage), pp.
331-49.
3. Arnold Wolfers, “The Goals of Foreign Policy,” in Discord and Collaboration. Maryland:
Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 67-80.
4. James N. Rosenau. 1971. Scientific Study of Foreign Policy. New York: Free Press
5. Valerie M. Hudson and Christopher S. Vore. 1995. Foreign Policy Analysis Yesterday,
Today, and Tomorrow, Mershon International Studies Review, Vol. 39, No. 2, 209-238.
6. Zeev Maoz. 1990. National Choices and International Processes. New York: Cambridge
University Press,
7. Ole R. Holsti. 1989. “Models of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Diplomatic
History, Vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 15-43.
8. David Patrick Houghton. 2007. “Reinvigorating the Study of Foreign Policy Decision
Making: Toward a Constructivist Approach,” Foreign Policy Analysis, 3, 1, pp. 24-45.
9. Chris Alden and Amnon Aran, Foreign Policy Analysis: New Approaches (London:
Routledge, 2017).
37.PSIR- 453: Politics of the Middle East
Course Objectives:
 This course will give a brief introduction to Middle Eastern region of the world with a
focus on political, cultural and social structure and development.
51
religio-political significance of Middle Eastern Muslim countries.
economic issues of Middle East countries.
 Further, ever-increasing importance of Middle East in the world due to its rich resources
will also be explored.

 Know about Middle Eastern region of the world with a focus on political, cultural and
social structure and development.
 To get familiarize with historical, strategic and religio-political significance of Middle
Eastern Muslim countries.
political and economic issues of Middle East countries.
 To know the ever-increasing importance of Middle East in the world due to its rich
resources will also be explored.
Course Contents:
1. An introduction to Middle East
2. History of Middle East
• Ottoman- Safavi Rivalry
• British Colonization and decolonization
3. Petro-chemicals and significance in the world
4. Iran-Saudi Rivalry and consequences for the region
5. Dictatorships and democratization
6. Middle East and It’s periphery
7. South Asia and Middle East
8. Great Game and Middle East
Recommended Books
1. Peter Mansfield, A History of Middle East (London: Penguin Books, 2013)
2. Hamid Dabashi, Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundations of the Islamic
Revolution in Iran (New York: New York University Press, 1993)
3. Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the
Middle East (Princeton :Harper Perennial, 2003)
4. Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power (Cambridge: Free
Press.
38.PSIR- 440: Contemporary Environmental Issues
Course Objectives:
52
• This course will cover a number of major contemporary global and regional
environmental problems, the reasons and impacts of these issues, with special focus on
Pakistan and South Asian Region.
• The Course will introduce the a number of psychological and socio-economic factors that
contribute to environmental issues, and use them to gain insight into and draw parallels
between specific environmental problems.
• The aim of this course is to keep students up to date with current and emerging global
environmental issues and government policies regarding issue management at a deeper
and broader level.
• The students will attain an overall picture of environment with a better understanding of
the contemporary environmental issues and gain an in-depth insight in making a
sustainable world.

After completing this course students should be able to:
 Understand a number of major contemporary global and regional environmental
problems, the reasons and impacts of these issues, with special focus on Pakistan and
South Asian Region.
 Explain the scientific basis of the global environmental issues including the options
available for avoiding or contending with each problem.
 Discuss social, psychological, economic and political issues surrounding each of the
global environmental issues.
 Will be able to understand and analyze the government policies to address the
environmental issues.
Course Contents:
1. Climate Change, Global Warming and Increased Carbon Footprints
2. Deforestation and Greenhouse Effect
3. Overfishing, Marine Pollution and Ocean Acidification
4. Over population & Urban Sprawl
5. Ozone Layer Depletion
6. Air Pollution
7. Water Pollution
8. Soil and Land Pollution
9. Natural Resource Use
10. Waste Pollution
• House Hold Waste
• Industrial Waste
• Nuclear Waste
• Medical Waste
11. Genetic Modification of food & Agricultural Pollution
12. Acid Rain
13. Polar Ice Caps
Suggested Readings
53
• Understanding Environmental Pollution, Hill, M.K., 2nd Edition. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge UK, 2005.
• Environment Pollution: Types, Sources & Management. Ghafoor, A., G. Murtaza, M.Z.
Rehman, M. Sabir, H.R. Ahmad and Saifullah. Allied Book Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
2012.
• State of the Environment- Pakistan , Government of Pakistan,2005 2. National
Conservation Strategy Government of Pakistan Ministry of Environment and IUCN –
1993
• Angus I. and Butler, S. Too Many People? Population, Immigration, and the
Environmental Crisis. Haymarket Books, P.O. Box 180165, Chicago, IL 60618. 2011.
• Earth Observation of Global Change, Chuviero, E. (ed) Springer, New York, USA, 2008
• William James Burroughs (2007) Climate change: A Multidisciplinary Approach,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
• 2. Sharon L. Spray, Karen Leah McGlothlin, (2002) Global climate change, Rowman&
Littlefield, Maryland, USA
• Horace M. Karling, (2001) Global climate change, Nova Publishers, New York, USA
• Climate Change Causes, Effects, and Solutions, 1stEdition, Hardy, J. T., John Wiley &
Sons, 2003.
• Global Warming -The Complete Briefing by John T. Houghton. (3rdedition) Cambridge
• Environment: Problems and Solutions. Asthana, D. K & Asthana, M, 5th Ed, S. Chand &
company LTD 2006
• Environmental Laws and their implementation in Pakistan, Qadar, S. Law Books House,
2000.
• Solid Waste Technology and Management, T. Christensen, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
• Water Treatment Technologies, B. Salopek, Akademija tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske,
2007.
• Advanced Air and Noise Pollution Control, L.K. Wang, N.C. Pereira and Y.T. Hung,
Humana Press, 2005.
• Energy: Its use and the Environment,5thEdition, Roger A. Hinrichs and Merlin
Kleinbach, Brooks Cole, 2013
39.PSIR- 412. International politics of Environment
Course objectives:
• This course introduces the study of global environmental politics.
• It focuses on the international relations of climate change, environmental protection,
pollution, resource management, energy security, food and other issues of environmental
concern.
• It applies international relations theory, including environmental and green political
theory, to analyse today’s most important environmental challenges.
54
Course content
• Introduction
• International politics
• Environmental politics
• Environmental problems
• Agents, Structures, and Processes
• Actors (IGO’s ), NGO’s
• Epistemic Communities
• Science and Risk
• Trade
• Security
• Population
• Biodiversity
• Forests
• Waste and chemical toxins
• Water, Deserts
• Ozone depletion/ Global warming
Suggested Readings:
• Kate O’Neill (2009) The Environment and International Relations. Cambridge, UK; New
York: Cambridge University Press
• Bjørn Lomborg (2001) The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the
World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
40.PSIR- 434. International Security

Course Objectives
• To gain acquaintance with foundational concepts and phenomena of international security
studies.
• To develop an ability to examine the emerging trends in International security with a
sound theoretical foundation.
• To encourage critical evaluation of policy options available for responding rationally to
issues of national significance.
55
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
• Analyze and comprehend the emerging dynamics in international security.
• Contextualize and critically dovetail the prevalent and unfolding dominant discourses on
international security.
• Effectively synthesize adequate response strategies to existing and foreseeable challenges
by revisiting and learning from the strengths and failings of already adopted strategies.
Course Contents
1.Conceptualizing security studies
2.Levels of Analysis in International Security
3.Theoretical Approaches to International Security
4.Traditional Issues in International Security
5.Contemporary Challenges in International Security
6.Response Strategies for addressing International Security issues
• Rising Irrelevance of Internal Balancing
• Relevance of Collective Security Approaches
• Regional and International Institutions
• The Significance of Counter-Narratives
• Reviving the Social Contract
• Peace Operations: Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding
• Reviving the Public Sphere: Public Diplomacy, Communication and Confidence
Building Measures
Recommended Books
1.Alan Collins, Contemporary Security Studies (Oxford University Press, 2016)
2.Paul D. Williams, Security Studies: An Introduction (New York: Routledge, 2008).
3.Peter Hough, and Shahin Malik, International Security Studies: Theory and Practice
(New York: Rutledge, 2015).
4.Patrick M. Morgan, International Security: Problems and Solutions (Washington D. C.:
CQ Press, 2006).
5.Barry Buzan and Lene Hansen, The Evolution of International Security Studies
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
6.Mely Caballero-Anthony, An Introduction to Non-Traditional Security Studies: A
Transnational Approach (London: SAGE Publications, 2016)
41.PSIR- 411. Arms Control and Disarmament

Course Objectives
56
•To familiarize the student of the inter-linkage of foreign and security policies which culminates
into war and peace between the states.
•To examine the steps that have been taken to control the nuclear and conventional weapons to
achieve peace and security around the globe.
•To focus on the problems of verification, transparency and on-site inspection.
• Gain familiarity with the history of arms control and disarmament and with the different
stages of evolution
• Understand the different concepts of arms and control and disarmament
• Analyze the different instruments and regimes of arms control, including the nuclear non-
proliferation regime, their application and the attitudes and policies
• Capable to contribute to the effective application of arms control and disarmament
regimes
Course Contents
1. Definition and Theories of Armaments: Causes of Conventional and Nuclear Arms Races.
2. Relationship between Disarmament & Arms Control,
3. Theories and Approaches of disarmament and its critiques
4. Types & problems of Disarmaments and Arms Control.
a. Inspection, verification and enforcement
b. Transparency in Arms Transfer
5. A review of Arms Control Negotiations and Treaties
a. Nuclear Supplier Group, Zangger Committee 1971.
b. Arms Control: Theory of Arms Control, Brief outlines of Pre-World War-I efforts towards
disarmament and Post-World War-II process and arms control agreements - Antarctic Treaty,
PTBT, Outer Space Treaty, Treaty of Tlatelolco, NPT, CWC, SALT-I, ABM Treaty, Sea-Bed
Treaty, BW Convention, CTBT, PNET, ENMOD Convention, SALT-II Treaty, & START,
FMCT, Nuclear Non-Proliferation and their present status, National Missile Defense, Current
Trends in Arms Control and Disarmament and Development.
c. Case Studies of the Arms Control Policies of any two of the existing and emerging Nuclear
Powers/States.
57
d. Alternative Security Strategies: Confidence-Building Measures, Non- Offensive Defence.
Nuclear Restraint Régimes, Nuclear Weapons Free Zones, Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI).
6. Case Studies:
a. Arms Race between Superpowers, Great Powers & Third World States (India v/s Pakistan)
b. Arms Control Measures: Failures and Successes.
Recommended Books
1. Allan, Pierre, Crisis Bargaining and the Arms Race. MA: Ballinger, 1983.
2. Blacker, Coit D., & Duffy, Glors, International Arms Control. (2nd ed.), Stanford: Calift:
Stanford University Press, 1984.
3. Goldblat, Jozef, Agreements for Arms Control: A Critical Survey. London: Taylor &
Francis Ltd., 1982.
4. Alison, Graham T., and Carnesale, Albert, An Agenda for Avoiding Nuclear War. New
York: St. Martins, 1985.
5. Carnesale, Albert, Learning from Experience with Arms Control. Cambridge: Cambridge
6. Charles H. Jr., & Shulsky, From Arms Control to Arms Reduction: The Historical
Experience, the Washington Quarterly, Summer 1987.
7. Dean, Johnathan, Watershed in Europe: Dismantling the East-West Military
Confrontation. Irvington: Irvington Books, 1986.
8. Haley, Edward P., & Merritt, Jack, (Ed.), Nuclear Strategy Arms Control and the Future,
(2nd Ed.) Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1988.
9. Halloran, Bernard E. (Ed.), Essays on Arms Control and National Security. Washington
DC: United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1987.
58

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Department of Politics and International Relations

Lahore Leads University

All courses are of 3 Credit Hours

Program Learning Outcomes (PLO)

PLO1. Ability to pursue their further higher studies.

PLO8. Ability to engage in continuing professional development.

Course Learning Outcomes:

3. PSIR-302: Comparative Political Systems of Developing States

Course Learning Outcomes

4. PSIR-316: Pakistan Movement and Ideology

5. PSIR- 422. Constitutional Development in Pakistan

a. General features and Functions of Constitution

3. Constitution of Pakistan: Origins and historical background (contd)

a. Ulama’s 22 Points 1951

4. Constitution of Pakistan 1956

5. Failure of Constitution of 1956

6. Constitution of Pakistan 1962

7. Failure of Constitution of 1962

8. Legal Framework Order, 1970

9. Foundation of LFO 1970

10. 1970 constitutional crises

11. Amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan

6. PSIR-314: Western Political Thought

Course Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:

7. PSIR-315 : Muslim Political Thought

Course Learning Outcomes

Course Learning Outcomes

9. PSIR- 221: Introduction to Local Government System

Course Learning Outcomes

8. Stages in Social Science Research

10. PSIR-231:Geo Political Structure of the World

Course Learning Outcomes:

Course Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:

12.PSIR-333: Comparative Politics

Course Learning Outcomes:

13. PSIR-322: Conflict and Conflict Resolution

Course Learning Outcomes:

14.PSIR-317: Defense and Strategic Studies

Course Learning Outcomes

 Have knowledge of strategic thought and leading strategists

15.PSIR- 318: Politics of Pakistan

16.PSIR-319: Contemporary Political Ideologies

Course Learning Outcomes

17.PSIR-303: Comparative Political Systems of Developed States

Course Learning Outcomes

18.PSIR-410:Foreign Policy of Major Powers

Course Learning Outcomes:

19.PSIR-416: Foreign policy of Pakistan

Course Learning Outcomes:

1. Stanley Wolpert, India and Pakistan: Continued Conflict or Cooperation (Berkeley:

20.PSIR-417: Human Rights

•To understand basic concept of human rights

Course Learning Outcomes:

21.PSIR-418: Ethnic conflicts in Global perspectives

Oromo protests in Ethiopia. Hazara demonstrations in Afghanistan. Sectarian tensions in Syria.

Course Learning Outcomes

22.PSIR-414: Terrorism and Counter Terrorism

Course Learning outcomes:

23.PSIR-420:Conflict and Corporation in South Asia

Course Learning Outcomes:

24.PSIR-425: Foreign Policy of India