Domain III

Stakeholder Engagement

1- During a meeting to make decisions about project goals and product features, it was observed that some
project stakeholders did not express whether they were for or against the inclusion of particular goals for their
agile. Which of the following tools could be used to help elicit a response from all participants in order to help
ensure a productive discussion?

A) Convergence

B) Rolling wave planning

C) Story points

D) Decision spectrum

Answer: D

A decision spectrum that include responses other than simply ‘yes’ or ‘no’ allows each stakeholder to participate in
the decision and render an opinion

2- A team member is new to agile and has not been accomplishing all the work required to complete user stories
while reporting them finished. What key concept of agile project management is this team member not fully
comprehending and is the most likely the cause for this team member to not complete their work?

A) Individuals and interactions over process and tools

B) Working software over comprehensive documentation

C) The practice of developing user stories to describe requirements

D) Definition of done

Answer: D

The definition of done is an essential agile concept and a difference between agile and traditional non-adaptive
project. It is very likely that the team member does not understand this important concept or these definitions
within the team. While the team member feels that they are finishing the work to complete the story, this is not
what has been defined and agreed to during iteration planning as “done” for these user stories.

3- The sponsor of an agile project is going on a two-month business trip and has requested a weekly project
status report. What is the best way to accommodate the sponsor’s request?

A) Speak to the sponsor over the phone to communicate the project status

B) Email a slideshow presentation and a spreadsheet report to the sponsor

C) Take pictures of the information radiators and email them to the sponsor
D) Wait until the sponsor is back and provide them with the latest project status

Answer: C

Agile teams are using information radiators to display the project status to all concerned project stakeholders.
Taking pictures of the information radiators and sending them to the sponsor via email on a weekly basis is the
easiest, the most effective, and information rich way to keep the sponsor up to date.

4- When planning for the development of a new product, the owner suggest that the team engage in an exercise
called ‘prune the product tree’. This exercise helps the team do which of the following?

A) Consider value versus cost ranking

B) Identify threats and opportunities

C) Gather and shape requirements

D) Set vision and elicit requirements

Answer: C

The goal of ‘Pruning the Product Tree’ collaboration game is to gather and shape product requirement.

5- An agile project to develop a new application has just finished its first iteration. Management has requested
that the team provide a date for when the application can be launched, so they can better assess marketing and
support needs. What should the team do next?

A) Carry out an agile estimation-based spike

B) If possible, defer estimating until after a few iterations

C) Estimate based on the actual performance from a non-agile project

D) Provide a precise estimate in story points per iteration

Answer: B

If and when possible, the team should defer estimating until after a few iterations as this should provide a more
accurate forecast.

6- An information radiator is more effective when it is:

A) Dynamic and low-tech

B) Static and High-tech

C) Dynamic and high-tech

D) Static and low-tech

Answer: A
Teams can easily and quickly update the information radiators to keep the information dynamic and changed over
time; stakeholder can view a project status at a glance.

7- An agile team is creating a model of a web application to be developed incrementally using scrum and XP
agile methodologies. The team members are discussing the model with the project stakeholders in order to get
their feedback and ensure that the model is balanced between being “barely sufficient” on the one hand, while
meeting customer’s expectations on the other. Which of the following modeling techniques is the team using?

A) Scrum modeling technique

B) XP modeling technique

C) Agile modeling technique

D) Incremental modeling technique

Answer: C

Agile modeling technique is a general referring to the various modeling techniques that are commonly used on
agile projects.

8- A certified professional engineer who has been leading agile teams for the past six years has just been
assigned to work with a team led by experienced scrum master to develop a new type of technology. Which of
the following would be considered one of the certified project engineer’s responsibilities?

A) Understanding customer requirements

B) Breaking down political impediments that the project faces

C) Providing financial support for the project

D) Acting as a change agent in organizational processes and methods

Answer: A

Since the question states that the engineer assigned to the team with an experienced scrum master, their likely
role would be team lead, team member, or product owner. The question mentions that the team already has an
experienced scrum master. In addition, looking at the choices, all expect the choice about “ understanding
customer requirements” refer to the responsibilities of a business sponsor/champion or scrum master.

9- An experienced scrum master is starting a new project and is currently meeting with her development team
to explain that servant leadership is one of her primary responsibilities. Which of the following is the best
explanation of servant leadership?

A) Servant leaders impede the team from developing software too quickly by ensuring roadblocks are in place

B) Servant leaders ensure that roadblocks are identified and removed during the sprint retrospective meeting

C) Servant leaders coordinate shared resources and critical dependencies during the daily scrum meeting to
prevent burnout by allowing individuals some down time between tasks
D) Servant leaders shield the team from interruptions and help to ensure that team members have what they need
to be productive constantly throughout the project

Answer: D

Servant leaders shield the team from interruptions that would distract them from their work and help to ensure
that team members have what they need to be productive constantly throughout the project, which is referred to
as “carrying or hauling food and water”.

10- At each iteration planning meeting, one of the project stakeholders is suggesting new product features.
However, these features are not aligned with the overarching goal agreed to by all project stakeholders. Given
this situation, the agile project leader should do which of the following?

A) Remove impediments to progress

B) Recognize team conflict as a positive thing

C) Continually communicate the project vision

D) Be flexible and agile and look for a way to incorporate the suggestions into the project goals and objective

Answer: C

The agile project leader at regular intervals needs to communicate and re-communicate the project vision to all
project stakeholders. This should help to minimize suggestions for product features that are not aligned with the
project vision. The iteration planning meeting presents a good opportunity to align the project stakeholders with
the project vision.

11- A product owner is currently facilitating a meeting whose attendees include developers, users, stakeholders
and other parties who can contribute to requirements for a new application. The participants utilize low-fidelity
prototyping using note cards and a white board to create map outlining very high-level interactions and features
within the planned application. What type of meeting is the product owner currently facilitating?

A) Prototyping workshop

B) User story workshop

C) Brainstorming workshop

D) Backlog grooming workshop

Answer: B

A user story workshop is a meeting that includes developers, users, the product customer, and key stakeholders
who all collaborate to write user stories.

12- During a meeting, five agile teams are supposed to choose a shared development infrastructure to be used
by all the teams on their upcoming project. Despite intense debate and voting, the teas cannot come to an
agreement on what infrastructure to select. In this situation, how should the decision about the development
infrastructure be made?
A) Each team should choose a development infrastructure that works for them

B) The teams should accept the decision of the appropriate decision-making authority

C) The teams should use agile voting techniques and accept the majority decision

D) The project management office should make decisions for multiple team projects.

Answer: B

Even though the teams on agile projects are self-organizing, self-directing, and empowered to make decisions
about their own work, when a disagreement happens on issues affecting all teams, a decision-making authority, for
example the development team lead with the appropriate subject matter expertise, should be called on to make
the decision. In this case, the team lead should make a decision with input from all teams as she is still acting as a
servant leader and not dictator.

13- A team is trying to determine whether to implement use cases or user stories for the development effort for
the new video game system. Which of the following best describe the relationship between use cases and user
stories?

A) Use cases contain data user interface design information, and always capture single user stories

B) Use cases do not contain data and user interface design information and may contain multiple user stories

C) User stories do not contain data or user interface design information and can consist of single or multiple use
cases

D) Both use cases and user stories contain data or user interface design information

Answer: B

A use case does not contain data or UI design information, while a user story may be a request for new
functionality, extension of functionality or data, or improved usability. A use case may contain multiple user
stories, but it is not the case that each step in a use case is always a single user story. It may take several use case
steps to capture a single user story, or one use step may be complicated enough that it needs to be split into
several user stories. Some use case steps describe business rules or behaviors that are difficult to implement,
either of which may need to be split into several user stories and developed in different iterations. This is
mismatch between user stories and use case since some user stories are in the use cases, and some are not. That
makes it difficult to ‘convert’ use cases to user stories.

14- A product owner missed the last two sprint reviews. What would an agile practitioner tell the product owner
about attending this event?

A) The product owner decides if the developed stories are acceptable

B) The product owner can tell the team how to perform its processes better

C) Attendance is optional provided an end user can take the product owner’s place

D) The product owner determines how much value was added by the development team

Answer: A
The product power grants final acceptance of the completed stories during the sprint review.

15- An experienced agile practitioner is introducing agile value to a newly formed team. The practitioner
explains that agile approaches are value-driven in two ways: one way is focusing on features that provide the
highest value to the customer. The other way is focusing on the practices that:

A) Promote company’s success and prosperity

B) Endorse courage, respect, and communication

C) Respect practitioners from different cultures

D) Encourage use of the best technology

Answer: B

Courage, respect, and communication are all outlined in the Agile Manifesto and are key to the successful
implementation of any agile method.

16- Several key stakeholders have been missing from iteration reviews. What should an agile practitioner do in
this case?

A) Coach the stakeholders on why their attendance is needed

B) Continue holding reviews without the stakeholder

C) Move the review meetings to a more convenient time for the stakeholders

D) Ask the product owner to provide feedback as a proxy for the stakeholders

Answer: A

The agile practitioner should promote agile concepts, including coaching stakeholders as to why their attendance
in iteration reviews is important.

17- During a meeting, the product owner restated the product the product vision, described the target user
group, the business goals, and main features to be delivered in the upcoming releases. The team created a
product roadmap, a visual depiction of the features to be delivered in each product release. Which of the
following best describes the purpose of the meeting?

A) Establish a shared project vision among the stakeholders

B) Establish a shared product vision among the stakeholders

C) Establish a shared release vision among the stakeholders

D) Determine an initial estimate of scope, schedule, and cost

Answer: A

Main features to be delivered in the upcoming releases, the target user groups, business goals, product roadmap,
high-level features for each product release, are all part of the project vision.
18- Which of the following is most likely going to help foster collaboration between the customer and the team
on an agile project?

A) Ensuring that the customer is co-located with the team and able to communicate face-to-face

B) Building projects around motivated individuals and trusting them to get the job done

C) Ensuring that the customer and the team are able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely

D) Welcoming changing customer requirements, even latte in development of the product

Answer: D

Welcoming changing customer requirements, even late in development of the product fosters (and requires)
collaboration between the project team and the customer. Therefore, this option is the best among the answer
choices given.

19- Which of the following would be the most likely reason for stories not to be sufficiently tested?

A) Vague project scope

B) Lack of tacit knowledge

C) Incomplete definition of done

D) Poor osmotic communication

Answer: C

The definition of done is created by the agile project team, and is a description of the mandatory steps that must
be completed within a user story to indicate that the user story is 100%tested and is ready to be delivered to the
customer.

20- An agile practitioner was introducing agile value and principle to the new team members. The practitioner
explained that agile teams provide transparency regarding their work status by communicating team progress,
work quality, impediments, and risks. One of the team members asked why that was so important to have this
transparency. The agile practitioner replied that transparency is important to:

A) Support change at the system and organization level

B) Contribute to a safe trusting team environment

C) Encourage emergent leadership within the team

D) Help the primary stakeholders make informed decisions

Answer: D

Transparent communication allows the project stakeholder to see the whole picture of the project, its status,
progress, roadblocks, and helps them make informed decisions.
21- An agile team has a new scrum master. The scrum master notices that the team members are guarded, do
not trust each other, and have many conflict. As the team starts to open the new scrum master, what is one way
to help resolve conflict within the team?

A) Keep the focus on individuals and not on the issues, as conflict is mainly a problem with people

B) Avoid restating and rephrasing problems, as it agitates issues even further

C) Be assertive rather than submissive when setting the scene for conflict resolution

D) Recognize that people can just be ‘difficult’ so at times it is best for the team to disengage from their work

Answer: C

It is best to be assertive rather than submission when setting the scene for conflict resolution.

22- Early in the design process of a new web site development project, an agile practitioner uses simple
prototypes that demonstrate to the client how the webpages flow together. Which of the following tools can
the agile practitioner utilize to help clients visualize what the website will look like when their end users
navigate through the web pages?

A) Product roadmap

B) Personas

C) Wireframes

D) Fishbone diagrams

Answer: C

A wireframe is a framework of a website that serves as a visual guide.

23- At the sprint review meeting, an agile team is demonstrating the product increment developed during the
sprint. Which of the following is most important for the team to define ahead of time in order to ensure the
product increment is potentially shippable to the customer?

A) Definition of acceptance criteria

B) Definition of complete

C) Definition of conditions of satisfaction

D) Definition of done

Answer: D

An effective definition of done is the most important thing that should be defined to ensure that a product
increment is potentially shippable to the customer.

24- An agile team has a spike and decides on a new technology. One of the team members indicates that
another agile team uses the same technology. What should the agile practitioner do?
A) Ask member of the other team to share their knowledge

B) Inform the other team that both teams have selected the same technology

C) Request weekly status reports from the other team

D) Give weekly reports to the other team

Answer: A

Knowledge sharing is a core agile practice. The knowledge gained by the other team’s efforts should for the greater
good of the organization.

25- A senior executive is very interested in a product that an agile team is building and asks the scrum master to
include several additional features. How should the scrum master respond?

A) Refer the executive to the product owner

B) Include the features in the current sprint

C) Include the features in the next sprint

D) Ask for a change request to include the work

Answer: A

While others may write the user stories, the product owner is solely responsible for ensuring that these user
stories add value to the business. When the senior executive approaches anyone on the team but the product
owner about adding a new feature, the team member should refer executive to the productive to the product
owner.

26- How would an agile practitioner correctly rank the richness, or temperature, of the following communication
channels from cold to hot?

A) Two people at a whiteboard, two people on the phone, two people communicating via email

B) Two people on the phone, two people communicating via email, two people at a whiteboard

C) Two people communicating via email, two people on the phone, two people at a whiteboard

D) Two people communicating via email, two people at a whiteboard, two people on the phone

Answer: C

Face-to-face is the warmest channel and should always be the preferred method of communication on an agile
project whenever possible.

27- A product owner is conducting the initial strategy meeting with the agile project team and is reviewing the
agile project charter. The product owner notice that although it includes the project vision, another critical
element of a typical agile charter is missing. Which information is missing from the project charter?

A) Assumptions
B) Milestones

C) Constraints

D) Working agreements

Answer: D

Working agreements along with the project vision are the two essential elements that should should be presented
at minimum in every agile project charter.

28- The sponsor has informed the agile project leader that the project will have a new influential stakeholder
that is not familiar with agile. What should the project leader do first in this situation?

A) Determine the type or classification of stakeholder

B) Discuss the new stakeholder with the team

C) Schedule a meeting with the new project stakeholder

D) Invite the stakeholder by email to the next sprint retrospective to meet the team

Answer: C

The agile leader’s job is to promote agile within the team and throughout the organization. Since this new
stakeholder is not familiar with agile, the best thing to do is to schedule a meeting with the stakeholder to discuss
agile practices and the stakeholder’s role with the project, particularly in attending iteration reviews.

29- A brainstorming session was conducted during the iteration retrospective. The team invited the stakeholders
to attend and give their opinions about the previous iteration. The team needs a method to prioritize those
things that were discussed and identified to be improved. Of the choices, which prioritization tool or approach
would an agile practitioner suggest to prioritize the output of the team’s retrospective?

A) Use an Ishikawa diagram

B) Use MoSCoW prioritization scheme

C) Ask the product owner for their opinion

D) Use a decision spectrum approach

Answer: D

A decision spectrum is a participatory decision model that teams use to engage the stakeholders and to help
stakeholders contribute to the decision-making process. This tool is the only choice listed that would help the
yeam to prioritize the issues that should be addressed in the next iteration.

30- After checking information radiators, a project sponsor has expressed concern about the slow progress of
the project in comparison to a similar project executed by the same team a year ago using a waterfall approach.
The scrum master decides that the sponsor should be invited to participate in one of the scrum meetings to
learn more about the project. According to scrum best practices, it would be most appropriate for the sponsor
to participate in which of the following scrum meetings?

A) Sprint planning meeting

B) Daily scrum meeting

C) Sprint review meeting

D) Sprint retrospective meeting

Answer: C

Since the sponsor’s comparison is based on two separate projects with one of them being waterfall -based, it is
unreasonable to compare the two, regardless of the fact that the team is involved. The scrum master’s task in this
situation is to educate the sponsor about agile and scrum best practices. According to rules of scrum, stakeholders
who are not scrum team members do not typically attend the sprint planning meeting, daily scrum meeting, or
sprint retrospective meeting because these meetings are generally for the team members. Stakeholders who are
not scrum team members are welcomed and encouraged to both attend and participate in the sprint review
meeting.

31- Which of the following skills or capabilities should agile leaders possess in order to successfully lead teams
and positively influence project stakeholders?

A) Encouraging team members to express their joy or frustration

B) Making decisions for the team when they cannot decide

C) Making people empathize with others

D) Exercising good self-control and being able to effectively empathize with others

Answer: D

An agile leader who has mastered self-control and is socially aware, able to show empathy, is demonstrating
qualities influence both team members and stakeholders. How well we manage ourselves and our ability to
“contribute” or be socially aware of the needs of others are viewed as very positive qualities and directly affect our
ability to influence those around us.

32- An agile team was discussing several design options sketched on the flip charts to implement a product
feature that would allow students to enroll in different courses offered by the university. After the discussion,
the team members were asked to provide their high-level estimates for the development of this feature. One of
the team members provided an estimate that was significantly higher than everyone else’s. what tool or
technique would help the team member to support their estimate?

A) The personas of the students requesting enrollment and the course instructors

B) A burndown chart of the story points to be completed to implement the requirement

C) A data model of the many-to-many relationship between students and courses

D) A Kanban board showing the tasks associated with the implementation of the requirement
Answer: C

A data model is a diagram that depicts data entities and inter-relationships. Data models, among other agile
modeling techniques, are used on agile projects to capture designs at a high level and often help to describe the
complexity associated with designs required to implement product features and requirements.

33- A new senior manager who has never been exposed to agile practices, asks an agile practitioner about how
servant leadership works to deliver results on an agile project. Which of the following would be the most
appropriate response to the manager’s inquiry?

A) Demonstrating empathy and support by encouraging the team member to secure their own resources

B) Managing the team throughout the software development lifecycle

C) Shielding the team from interruptions that are part of the project

D) Clearing impediments to progress that could lower team productivity

Answer: D

Cleaning obstacles and impediments to progress is a key responsibility of a servant leader as it clears the road for
the team to get the work that contributes to the iteration goal accomplished. A servant leader removes the
roadblocks that are revealed during the daily stand up meeting.

34- The product owner is disappointed that no business value gas been delivered by the team in t he recent
iteration, which resulted in a loss of interest from some business stakeholders. What should the team lead say
to the product owner in the team’s defense?

A) The team spent time analyzing issues to mitigate project risks

B) Delivering business value in each iteration is not so important

C) Keeping the stakeholders engaged is not so important

D) In agile, product owners have no right to criticize teams

Answer: A

If the team feels there is a risk on a project, it is better to investigate it now, even at the expense of not delivering
any value to the customer in the short term, rather than to wait until this risk ‘explodes’ later on and potentially
causes the entire project to fail.

35- In order to remove a roadblock a developer has encountered; a scrum master is trying to clarify the issue as
possible. During the conversation the scrum master repeats back what the developer has said by paraphrasing it
and asks the developer to confirm that the scrum master heard is an accurate description of the roadblock.
What technique is the scrum master using?

A) Active listening

B) Servant leadership
C) Emotional intelligence

D) Participatory decision making

Answer: A

In this situation, the scrum master is using the active listening technique. Active listening involves understanding
what someone is really trying to convey, rather than simply relying on the meaning of the words they are speaking.
One of the most effective practices of active listening is repeating back what a person has said by paraphrasing it to
confirm the true meaning and intent of what was said. Active listening is also an important part of emotional
intelligence.

36- an agile team is midway into the current sprint when a key stakeholder approaches the scrum master with a
“must” new requirement. Which of the following would be the scrum master’s best response?

A) Add the new requirement to the current sprint backlog

B) State that the sprint is currently underway and that new requirements cannot be added without written
approval from management

C) Add the new requirement to the product backlog so that the product owner can review it for possible inclusion
in a future sprint

D) Ask the stakeholder to discuss the new requirement with the product owner and let them decide whether to
include it in the product backlog

Answer: D

In this situation, the first thing the scrum master should do is ask the stakeholder to discuss the new requirement
with the product owner and let them decide whether or not to add it to the product backlog.

37- There are three key elements that agile teams can use to analyze the product and create a backlog. Which of
the following activities represents one of the key elements?

A) Ensuring that user stories have interdependencies with other stories

B) Aggregating user stories into features

C) Breaking the value stream map down into individual activities and steps

D) Identifying the roles, or personas, that exist in the customer environment

Answer: D

This choice represents the first key element in product analysis and backlog creation. The two other elements are:
identifying the functions performed by the personas in the customer environment; and, breaking the functionality
down into implementable chunks, or user stories.

38- After several sprints, the productivity of a scrum team had dropped. A new stakeholder has recently been
involved and has frequently been contacting the development team to request information and question their
methods. Assuming this stakeholder is the main reason for productivity drop, what is the best course of action
for the scrum master to take to address this issue?

A) Isolate the team from outside influence

B) Communicate and recommunicate the project vision

C) Remove impediments to progress

D) Provide the team with things that will motivate them to be more productive

Answer: A

Although this action may seem extreme and goes against the general agile principle of collaboration, shared
participation, and customer involvement, the scrum master must protect the development team from any outside
influence or distractions that will negatively affect productivity. Isolating or insulting the development team by
requiring stakeholders to direct development inquiries to the scrum master is a common ground rules used to
accomplish this task.

39- After an agile project chartering session, a stakeholder asks when the first opportunity would be to view the
scrum team’s progress on the development of the new application. Which scrum event should the product
owner suggest that the stakeholder attend in the first sprint, so they can view how the team and the project are
progressing?

A) Sprint planning meeting

B) Sprint retrospective meeting

C) Daily scrum meeting

D) Sprint review meeting

Answer: D

The sprint review is the best meeting for the stakeholders to attend to check on project progress, as well as
provide feedback that could influence the project work going forward.

40- Two agile coaches are discussing which methodology to use to improve their relationship with heir clients.
They have observed that in general, their stakeholders do not want to be involved in the details as the team
works through a process or what is required in a deliverable. However, the same stakeholders are quick to
complain when the deliverable does not meet their expectation. What agile methodology should the agile
coaches use to help them better engage their stakeholders?

A) Heuristic methodologies

B) Normative methodologies

C) Participative methodologies

D) Rational methodologies

Answer: C
Participative methodologies capture certain aspects of customer involvement, this type of approach is stakeholder-
based.

41- During agile chartering sessions, the participants usually go through the product vision, project scope and
boundaries, and release planning activities. What else is done at these sessions?

A) As new user stories are identified, the backlog is updated

B) As new stakeholders are identified, the stakeholder register is updated

C) As new risks are identified, the risk burndown chart is created

D) As new technologies are identified, the architectural spike is scheduled

Answer: A

Updating the product backlog as new user stories are identified, is done during agile project chartering sessions.

Agile project charters differ from traditional ones in several aspect. One aspect is the discussion that takes place
about the product vision. Unlike traditional project, where the scope is mostly known upfront, agile projects are
characterized by high rate of changes identified at any time during the project, including project chartering
sessions.

42- An agile team needs to produce a simple visual representation of the user interface that will display the
content, layout, and intended functionality of a new community center website. Which of the following should
they develop and demonstrate to the customer or product owner for feedback?

A) A prototype

B) A wireframe

C) A screen design

D) A mock-up

Answer: B

Wireframes are simple block designs that display the placement of elements in a user interface and demonstrate
the intended layout and functionality of a solution. They are an important tool used in web site development.

43- During project execution, the agile team realizes that to develop some of the product increments, a very
expensive software development tool is required. The project manager can not purchase the tool right away as
the budget allocated for the project does not cover this unexpected expense. One of the developers bypassed
the software security, obtained the required copies and offered them to the project manager. What should the
project manager do?

A) Decline the offer and approach the sponsor to determine how to obtain additional funding for the required
software

B) Take as many copies from the developer as needed and thank them for helping resolve the issue
C) Decline the offer from the developer and find creative ways to perform the project work without the use of the
necessary software

D) Accept the copies and use them on the project because it will provide what is needed and save the company’s
money at the same time

Answer: A

This is the only option in compliance with the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.

44- A newly formed agile team is creating the working agreements for their current project. Which of the
following might an agile practitioner recommend as a best practice?

A) Having every team member contribute as many agreements as they want to incorporate into the working
agreement

B) Conducting a workshop where all team members collaborate on drafting and approving working agreements

C) Once completed, the working agreements should be kept private to maintain confidentiality

D) Empowering a facilitator to create the working agreements and then sharing with the team

Answer: B

Conducting a workshop is an excellent method for creating effective working agreements. This method encourages
team participation and collaboration so the team can gain consensus on the content of the working agreements.

45- Agile team members understand that if by the end of the sprint, the product increment that they are
building does not meet the criteria specified at the beginning of the sprint that their work is not included in the
velocity for the current sprint. What are these criteria?

A) Estimate to complete

B) Definition of done

C) Testing and usability

D) Retrospective

Answer: B

Definition of done is a shared understanding of what it means for work to be complete.

46- Due to new cost reduction efforts undertaken by the company, a scrum team who used to be co-located in
the same office will now work from home. Which would most likely be retained when the team members switch
from physical to virtual co-location?

A) Osmotic communication

B) Daily scrum

C) Face-to-face communication
D) Tacit Knowledge

Answer: B

Osmotic and in-person, face-to-face communication would be immediately lost when team members are no longer
physically co-located. The daily scrum is one of the major scrum events and therefore, assuming the team is
applying agile best practices in their work, the team members would use communication tools (e.g. video
conferencing) and hold their daily scrum meeting.

47- A new senior manager has assigned to oversee several projects. The manager contacts an agile project
leader and asks for monthly report that summarizes the project status and projected finish date. How should the
project leader respond to this request?

A) Provide the detailed status report requested by the manager

B) Suggest the manager periodically come to daily standups

C) Create an intranet site that has a sophisticated dashboard for progress status reporting

D) Post a project burndown chart in a visible location and recommend use this to monitor the project progress

Answer: D

A project burndown chart is an example of an information radiator used to show the work that has been
completed, the work remaining, and the forecasted date of completion. The typical burndown chart is a large
graph that plots the amount of work, in story points or estimated effort required vs. time or iterations remaining.
As work is completed, a progress line on the chart moves downward to reflect the decreasing amount of remaining
work.

48- In iteration zero, the owner is facilitating a story writing workshop with the team and the project
stakeholders to create initial user stories. What is the main focus of this workshop?

A) To create as many user stories as possible

B) To create user stories for the first iteration

C) To refine user stories in the product backlog

D) To re-prioritize user stories for the first release

Answer: A

During a story writing workshop, the focus should be on quantity rather than quality, so the meeting participants
should write as many user stories within the prescribed timebox of the workshop as possible.

49- An agile team has created a set of team agreements for their current project. When would the review of
team agreements as a team have the greatest impact?

A) During pair programming

B) During the adjourning stage of team development

C) During sprint zero of every release

D) During daily stand-up meetings

Answer: C

The team member typically actively reviews and potentially revise agreements during sprint zero of every release.
Of the available options, this is the most impactful time to review team agreements as a team

50- Agile project stakeholders are discussing the success criteria of the new product to be developed by the
project for their customer. They disagree on whether meeting the customer requirements, or product
architectural requirements, or the profitability requirements of the internal stakeholders determine the
product’s success. The best advice an agile practitioner can give this situation is that the product’s success is
achieved by:

A) Meeting both the expectations and the requirements of the customer and all project stakeholders

B) Meeting the customer requirements, which are the most important criteria

C) Meeting the profitability requirements of the internal stakeholders

D) Meeting the requirements of the customer and all project stakeholders

Answer: A

While it is not always easy to meet the stakeholders’ expectations as they are intangible, meeting both
requirements and expectations of all project stakeholders is the best way to increase the chances of product’s
success.

51- During a meeting where the entire agile team is in attendance, a team member is about to speak. What
should the rest of the team do?

A) Pay particular attention to the word choices of the speaker

B) Focus attention only to the speaker and no one and nothing else

C) Be efficient and multi-task while listening

D) Listen to both the verbal and non-verbal cues from the speaker and the rest of the audience

Answer: D

This choice describes “global listening”, where the listener has a higher level of awareness of both verbal and non-
verbal cues of the audience as well as the speaker.

52- An agile team is working on a project to develop an e-commerce portal. They met to determine the best
approach among several proposed ways to develop the back-end functionality of the portal. However, after a
very long discussion, they were unable to reach a consensus. What is the best way to approach this situation if it
is essential that an approach be selected by the end of the meeting?

A) The scrum master should make the decision

B) The team should use a simple voting technique

C) A user story should be created to determine the approach

D) The team should carry out an architectural spike

Answer: B

While not ideal, simple voting is a quick way to make a decision when time is of the essence.

53- The team is working on an application for gathering customer feedback on the company’s top-selling
products. The project is half way done when the CEO announced that a new VP of Product Development and
marketing has been hired. As far as the scrum master is aware, the executive sponsor and product owner for the
project remains unchanged. What should the scrum master do next?

A) Engage the executive sponsor in conversation to understand the impact of this organizational change on the
project

B) Engage the VP of product Development and Marketing by inviting them to the sprint retrospective

C) Do nothing, the executive sponsor for the project remains unchanged

D) Do nothing, the project stakeholders have already been identified and the project is half way done

Answer: A

The executive sponsor is the product owner of this project and would be pivotal in ensuring that the new VP of
Product and Marketing is appropriately engaged and aware of this project.

54- An agile team is engaged in a decision-making process during a team meeting, and they decide to use a
technique called ‘fist-of-five’ voting. Which of the following is a valid reason for using this technique?

A) Is a slow process but has the advantage of allowing team member to indicate their level of agreement

B) Has the advantage of anonymity to prevent undue influence from more senior member of the group

C) Allow team members’ voices that are unheard to surface and helps encourage conversation dominators

D) Participants are voting from their conscience at the same time and are not being swayed by other team
members ‘votes

Answer: D

The ‘fist-of-five’ voting technique permits all participants to vote at the same time to ensure they are not swayed
by other team members’ votes.

55- An agile coach understands the importance of effectively using emotional intelligence to lead and develop
the members of her agile project teams. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand your own emotions
and the emotions of others in order to successfully interact with them, and is characterized by four major
attributes. In what order should an agile project leader master these attributes to get to the point where they
can effectively lead and develop other team members?
A) Self-management, self-awareness, social awareness, social skills

B) Social skills, self- awareness, self-management, social awareness

C) Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, social skills

D) Social awareness, self-awareness, self-management, social skills

Answer: C

Emotional intelligence mastery begins its focus with you and is then projected out to others.

56- A project stakeholder requested to monitor the progress of the work for each user story being developed by
an agile team. Which of the following would an agile team suggest to the stakeholder in this situation?

A) Invite the stakeholder to the daily standup meeting

B) Invite the stakeholder to the iteration planning meeting

C) Suggest the stakeholder to view the information radiators

D) Email the progress of each user story to the stakeholder

Answer: C

Information radiators are used by agile teams to “radiate” the status of their progress to the project stakeholders.
Of the choices provided, information radiators are the best answer to address the stakeholder’s request.

57- Work has not yet started on an agile project that a company is about to undertake, yet the project
stakeholders are already discussing its success. Which of the following collaboration game are the stakeholders
engaged in to make this scenario possible?

A) Project pre-mortem

B) Project post-mortem

C) Remember the future

D) Back to the future

Answer: C

Remember the future is a collaborative game that aims to facilitate a discussion of what would have helped the
project (or release, or iteration) to succeed.

58- An agile coach reflects on his past agile projects and realizes that his ability to understand human
motivation, expression and dynamics played a large part in his success. What interpersonal skill is being
described here and was most responsible for his success?

A) Servant leadership

B) Conflict resolution
C) Emotional intelligence

D) Adaptive leadership

Answer: C

Emotional intelligence (EI) is considered the ability to understand your own emotions and the emotions of others
in order to successfully interact with them on your agile projects.

59- An agile practitioner met with the team to decide the technology for the system to be developed. At the end
of the meeting, she obtained consensus from the team on the choice of technology. Which of the following agile
activities did the agile practitioner and her scrum team demonstrate in this situation?

A) Cross-functional training

B) Self-organization

C) Participatory decision making

D) Collaboration

Answer: C

The agile practitioner and her team were demonstrating participatory decision making, which is a creative process
that delegates ownership to the entire team, and relies on methods that will resulted in finding an effective option
that is acceptable to the team.

60- Communicating the product vision is one of the primary roles a servant leader performs. Which of the
following would be the following would be the best way to do this?

A) Present the product vision statement on the kickoff meeting

B) Display the product vision statement as an information radiator

C) Email the product vision statement to all project stakeholders

D) Re-communicate the product vision at the beginning of each iteration

Answer: D

Envisioning (a process of creating the product vision) does not stop after the envisioning phase. At the beginning of
each iteration or milestone, as the team meets to discuss their next steps, team members need to revisit the
product vision to remind them of the purpose of their endeavors.

61- An agile team has to implement a new payroll system. The product owner is a payroll expert but is not
familiar with agile planning. What advice should an agile coach offer to the product owner?

A) Create an environment that facilities face-to-face planning events involving all project stakeholders

B) Generate a requirements document for the team to develop the product exactly per customer specifications

C) Draft a project plan and send it to stakeholders for approval to ensure everybody are on the same page
D) Develop a Gantt chart listing project deliverables to get necessary resources from the project sponsor

Answer: A

The product owner will need to collaborate with team members. Agile communication management relies on face-
to-face feedback. The coach may need mentor the product owner in this situation.

62- A member of an agile project team gathered data about the project and discovered an opportunity for
improvement. What is the best way for the team member to implement the change?

A) Make the change, see what happens, then report the results during the retrospective meting

B) Ask the scrum master for permission to make the change and then report the results during a post-mortem

C) Send an email to the manager to report the observation and ask for permission to make the change

D) Inform the team of the opportunity for improvement and then make he change once the team supports it

Answer: D

Bringing up the opportunity for improved and the proposed solution to the team demonstrates responsible
leadership to the team and fosters trust and loyalty.

63- An agile practitioner just finished creating plans and documents for an agile project. What is their next step?

A) Proceed as planned since avoiding wasted time is against agile principle

B) Meet with the customer to verify the plans

C) Check the plans against the requirements to ensure they are covered

D) Consider this documentation step as wasted time since agile projects do not produce documentation

Answer: B

It is important to get feedback from the customer who is potentially represented by the product owner as soon as
possible, therefore meeting the customer is the most appropriate next step.

64- Which of the following aspects of participatory decision-making focuses on who should be involved in the
decision?

A) Consensus decision making

B) Decision framing

C) Decision triage

D) Decision retrospective

Answer: B

Decision framing focuses on who gets involved in the decision process and considers the values and principles that
the participants share.
65- To engage the newly identified stakeholders in the project at the earliest opportunity, the scrum master
suggested inviting them to the upcoming sprint review meeting to demonstrate to the stakeholders that the
team is moving in the right direction and get feedback from the stakeholders about what the team has done.
Which of the following is the third reason for inviting the stakeholders to the sprint review meeting?

A) To reflect on the team performance

B) To reprioritize the release backlog

C) To prioritize high-risk user stories for the next sprint

D) To discuss what is to be worked on in the next sprint

Answer: D

Among other items, the work of the next sprint is discussed at the sprint review meeting.

66- Agile project stakeholders were asked what project goal was the most important one. One stakeholder
stressed the importance of the project deadline, another mentioned the product performance, and others were
not sure about the goals. What could be the reason for such a difference in the opinions about the project goals
among the stakeholders?

A) The project charter was two pages long

B) The product vision and project objective were not initially discussed and agreed upon by the project
stakeholders

C) The project charters signatory had limited authority over resources

D) The objectives in the project charter did not include details on how to assess them

Answer: B

This answer choice represents the most likely reason for the different perceptions of the product vision and project
objectives among the project stakeholders.

67- To better understand the required design of a new system, an agile team is discussing a set of interactions
between the system and its targeted users. Per customer request, the users should be able to search, reserve,
and pay for tickets to different events. Given the discussion and its goal, which of the following agile models
would an agile practitioner recommend to the team?

A) A wireframe

B) A persona

C) A user story

D) A use case

Answer: D
A use case is a generalized description of a set interactions between the system and the users. This is precisely
what is being described in the question; high-level interactions between the system and users, which are critical
when considering system design.

68- An agile team of a large organization decided to use earned value management (EVM) metrics to report to
senior management and provided metrics at the iteration level. What could the team improve upon?

A) Nothing. The agile team used EVM metrics appropriately

B) The agile team should avoid using EVM metrics

C) The agile team should avoid using EVM metrics at the iteration level

D) The agile team should provide metrics at the user story level

Answer: C

In agile projects, when providing earned value management (EMV) metrics to senior management of a large
organization, reporting at the iteration level, which would have typically happened every two weeks, could be too
detailed. Reporting at the user story level is even more granular. In large organization, it’s reasonable to assume
that senior managers would be interested to see the project progress at the release level. Release level would
allow them to understand the cadence and the progress of the agile project without going too deep into details,
and, on the other hand, to see the big picture of the project as a whole. Therefore, to address the question at
hand, i.e. to improve reporting to the senior management of a large organization, the agile team should avoid
using EVM metrics at the iteration level.

69- Due to a lack of expertise, an agile project aims to outsource the development a particular software module.
All of the vendors that the procurement department has contracted so far use traditional project management
methods. What is the best course of action for the company to take in this situation?

A) Ensure that the RFP process includes information on the preferred project management method as part of the
vendor selection criteria

B) Educate the procurement office to make sure the vendors are required to be familiar with agile methods

C) Perform the necessary work in house since none of the vendors use agile practices

D) Set up agile training for the vendors

Answer: A

It is a perfectly acceptable practice for the buyer to require that the seller’s team members act much like an
extended part of the buyer’s agile team as part of the vendor selection criteria.

70- Agile practitioners facilitate awareness among project stakeholders in order to align expectations and build
trust. Managing stakeholder expectations is achieved by which of the following?

A) Establishing a shared understanding of success criteria and acceptable trade-offs

B) Facilitating face-to-face communication between the team and the project stakeholders

C) Maintaining proper stakeholder involvement and continually assessing changes

D) Identify, engage, and manage motivated and empowered business stakeholders

Answer: A

Shared understanding of success criteria is what defines whether stakeholder expectations regarding the
deliverable product will be met or not. Trade-offs may have to be made when project priorities are changed.
Stakeholders must be engaged throughout the project execution and be part of the process in determining
acceptable trade-offs.

71- The PMBOK Guide defines project charter as a document that “formally authorizes the existence of a project
and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities”.
Developing project charter on agile projects:

A) Must follow the PMBOK Guide process

B) Must not follow the PMBOK Guide process

C) Is not required because Agile is paperless

D) Does not necessarily require an internal document

Answer: D

In some instances, agile projects do not require internal documents when it comes to project charter. Examples
include, but are not limited to, teams that accept contracts from outside sources, teams that are working on
special projects, teams that are working in smaller organizations.

72- A scrum team is midway into the current sprint when a stakeholder approaches the scrum master and
requests that a new, urgent, and potentially complex mandatory compliance-related requirement be added to
the current sprint backlog. Which of the following would be the scrum master’s best response?

A) Inform the stakeholder that the sprint is currently underway and that new requirements cannot be added
without written approval from the sponsor

B) Add the new requirement to the current sprint backlog and ask the team to start working on it immediately

C) Add the new requirement to the product backlog so that product owner can review it later for possible inclusion
in a future sprint

D) Discuss the new requirement with the product owner, who might then cancel the sprint

Answer: D

The scrum master should discuss the new requirement with the product owner who, together with the team, may
decide to cancel the sprint. In that case, the product owner and the team will have to re-plan the work for this and
future sprints.
73- Which of the following best describe the ultimate goal of the decision gradients?

A) Engaging stakeholders

B) Eliciting reasons for any doubts

C) Gaining commitment

D) Brainstorming

Answer: C

Ultimately, the decision gradient is used to have better discussions, which lead to more commitment on the path
and hopefully a more effective and sustainable decision.

74- During a sprint retrospective meeting, most of the agile team members were in favor of using manual tests
instead of automated during the next sprint. The team lead opposed the idea arguing that it was against agile
best practices. After long debates, despite the disagreement of the team lead, the decision was made to use the
manual tests anyway. What should the team lead do next?

A) Commit to the implementing the decision

B) Use their authority as team lead to revert the decision

C) Escalate the issue to the project sponsor

D) Consult with the scrum master and the product owner

Answer: A

The team as a whole, acts a decision maker, therefore once the decision is made, even those who disagree with it,
should commit to its implementation.

75- An agile leader facilitated a retrospective, where team members were quite angry with each other and
blaming each other for violating work agreements. What should the agile leader do?

A) Ignore individual emotions in the interest of the team

B) Openly and directly ask team members to discuss their feelings

C) Be aware of personal emotions to keep them in check

D) Make everyone in the retrospective happy

Answer: C

In order to keep the retrospective as productive as possible, it is important for an agile leader to keep his or her
own emotional state and responses in check.

76- An agile team lead is facilitating a team retrospective meeting, where a team is complaining how they would
not be in this predicament if the other team member had created the back up as agreed before the storm
knocked out the power. One of the team’s working agreements is that they should avoid personal criticism or
blame. What should the team lead do next?

A) Let the comment pass without calling attention to it as it is the team’s job to monitor working agreements

B) Remind the team of the working agreements

C) Focus on the impact of not creating back-ups

D) Call for a break

Answer: B

The team lead should use this opportunity to remind the team of their working agreements.

77- Effective scrum masters demonstrate excellent meeting facilitation skills. Which of the following activities
should the scrum master manage while facilitating an iteration retrospective?

A) Grooming the backlog

B) Demonstrating the increment to the product owner

C) Meeting timeboxes

D) Meeting content under discussing

Answer: C

One of the scrum master’s responsibilities in a sprint retrospective, a daily standup, or in any scrum meetings is to
enforce timeboxes.

78- An agile team has one subject matter expert that understands the complex business rules of a legacy system
that will be integrated with a new application. Agile promotes knowledge sharing among team members. Which
of the following would most likely improve knowledge sharing in the team?

A) Encourage business rule questions be addressed by just the subject matter expert

B) Organize as a virtual team over colocation

C) Forego writing of test cases for obvious success scenario

D) Ensure access to the legacy system and documents by all team members

Answer: D

Allowing access to the legacy system and documents will allow the team members to understand the complex
business rules better.

79- During a retrospective, the team finds that in the past, they had set upon course of action, which was
expedient at that time. In hindsight, they now realize that their decisions were sub-optimal and detrimental to
overall product quality. What should the team do different when they face an issue?

A) The team should always agree on everything

B) The team should go down the path of least resistance

C) The team should consider a divergence of ideas before converging on a path of action

D) The product owner should decide the best course of action

Answer: C

Divergence allows for a variety of paths to be considered before agreeing on which one to take.

80- The program management office wants to see if their agile teams can use social-based communications.
Which of the following is an appropriate way for a collocated team use social media?

A) Using social media as an information radiator rather than displaying hard copies

B) Using social media as a conflict resolution tool

C) Using social media to blast out all communications to the team

D) Gathering relevant customer feedback via social media

Answer: D

Engaging customers and listening to customer through social media can be very beneficial to the team. This
method represents an excellent use of social media that is commonly used.