Neurology (peads)

Tension-type Tightness, no other symptoms (usually)

Bilateral or unilateral

Migraine without aura 1-72h duration

GIT disturbing

No problems btwn epi

Primary headaches:
Premonitory symptoms

-ve (hemianopia, scotoma)

Migraine with aura Visual disturbance
+ve (forti cation spectra)

Unilateral sensory + motor symptoms

Few hours

Worse when lying down

Morning vomiting

+ or - night-time waking

Mood

Change in: Personality

Educational performance

Visual eld defects E.g pituitary tumour

Headache Secondary headaches: Brain mass
Diplopia

Facial nerve palsy

Abnormal gait

Torticollis

Growth failure

Papilloedema

Cranial bruits

worse lying down or coughing and straining

Wakes up child

Symptoms: With confusion

Morning nausea and vomiting

Recent changes in personality and education

Red flags (brain mass)
Growth failure

Bradycardia

Signs: Squint

Fundi

Whatever i wrote in brain mass signs

w fever

No intracranial infection

6 months-5 years

Genetic predisposition (1st degree relative)

By viral infection (usually) Temp raises rapidly

Brief

Generalised tonic-clonic
Febrile seizures:
no brain damage

If simple: Same intellectual ability as a child w/o febrile seizure

1-2% chance of developing epilepsy

Focal

Prolonged
If complex:
Repeated in same illness

4-12% chance of developing epilepsy

Clinically diagnosed as epilepsy

Most common hazardous (syncope leading to anoxic -non epileptic- tonic clonic seizure
Seizure
Breath-holding attacks Temper

Re ex anoxic seizures Head trauma, cold food, fear, fever

Stuffy environment, fear, standing for long

periods
Syncope

Clonic movements may occur

Unsteadiness, light-headedness, visual and

Migraine
GIT disturbance

Nystagmus, unsteadiness
Benign paroxysmal vertigo
Funny turns (paroxysmal disorders):
Usually due to viral labyrinthitis

Causes:
Cardiac arrhythmias

Tics, daydreaming, night terrors

Self-grati cation

Non-epileptic attack disorder

Others
Pseudoseizures

Fabricated seizures

Induced illness (e.g hypoglycemia by

injecting high dose insulin)

Paroxysmal movement disorders

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