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DISORDER
Hannie M. Sacatan
• THROMBOCYTOPENIA
• Decreased production
• Dilutional loss
• Nonimmune destruction
• Immune platelets destruction
• sequestration
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
• Is a common clinical disorder and results from one or any combination of mechanisms including
production defects, accelerated loss or destructions and splenic sequestration.
DECREASED PRODUCTION
• Pathophysiology
• The severity of bleeding is related to the degree of thrombocytopenia.
• Haemostatic defects are said to be more severe when the platelet count fall rapidly rather than
gradually.
• Clinical presentation
• Small vessel bleeding attributed to thrombocytopenia results in PETECHIAE,PURPURA or
ECCHYMOSES ( haemorrhages into the skin of different sizes < 3mm , 1cm and > 3cm
respectively.
• Significant bleeding usually does not occur until the platelet count id less than 60X109L.
• The central nervous system id the most serious site of spontaneous bleeding which may be fatal.
• Laboratory findings:
• Platelet counts is DECREASED
• Clot retraction usually is ABNORMAL when the platelet count is below 60x109/L
• ETIOLOGIES:
• Generalized bone marrow suppression leading to a DECREASE in all cell types is
characteristic of plasma anaemia.
• Selective suppression of the megakaryocytes is associated with chlorothiazide(diuretic) and
other drugs
• Myelophthisic process is a space occupying lesion in the bone marrow such as metastatic tumor
,fibrosis or leukaemia.
DILUTIONAL LOSS
• Therapy:
• The most important aspects of treatment is to discontinue the drugs suspected of triggered the
immune thrombocytopenia. Corticosteroids may be administered because of their positive effects
on vascular integrity.
SEQUESTRATION
• The spleen may be responsible for thrombocytopenia either by increased phagocytosis and
destruction of damaged platelets or by increased sequestration of normal undamaged platelets.
THRPMBOCYTOSIS
• Is an abnormal INCREASED in the number of circulating platelets as a result of physiologic or
pathologic processes.
• Two types of thrombocytosis: