PORTFOLIO

IN
HISTOLOGY LABORATORY

SUBMITTED TO: MR. TOM ANTHONY TONGUIA, RMT

SUBMITTED BY: JAMES MAR V. ALABA

BSMLS2A
INTRODUCTION
Inside of this portfolio are the compilation of my reading assessments about the Endocrine
system and Digestive system. My reflection about this two topics is also written in the end part
of this portfolio and my scores are also listed.

OBJECTIVE

 To be able to discuss the importance of digestive system and endocrine system

 To give and define the different parts of the systems
 To give the anatomy and physiology of the systems
 To be able to give my insights or reflections about this topics

READING ASSIGNMENT

 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

SCORES
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical
substances produced in the body that regulate the activity of cells or organs. These hormones
regulate the body's growth, metabolism (the physical and chemical processes of the body), and
sexual development and function. The hormones are released into the bloodstream and may
affect one or several organs throughout the body.

Hormones are chemical messengers created by the body. They transfer information from one set
of cells to another to coordinate the functions of different parts of the body.

The major glands of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids,
adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes). The pancreas is also a
part of this system; it has a role in hormone production as well as in digestion.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
is the system used in the human body for the process of digestion. The human digestive
system consists primarily of the digestive tract, or the series of structures and organs through
which food and liquids pass during their processing into forms absorbable into the bloodstream.
The system also consists of the structures through which wastes pass in the process of
elimination and other organs that contribute juices necessary for the digestive process.
The GI tract is a long tube of varying diameter beginning at the mouth and ending in the
anus. The glands of the digestive system consist of the tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall
bladder, and pancreas. Digestion can be divided into three stages – the oral phase (mouth), the
gastric phase (stomach) and the intestinal phase (small intestine)– depending on the position of
food within the digestive tract. At each stage, different nutrients are digested, under varying
circumstances.

The GI tract begins to form early during the development of the human body, in the third week
after fertilization. Around the 16th day of development, the primitive gut is formed through
invaginations of embryonic cells. The initial structures of the digestive system extend from the
buccopharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrane. The mouth forms when the
buccopharyngeal membrane breaks down and opens the digestive tract to amniotic fluid. For the
rest of fetal development, amniotic fluid is actively swallowed.
CONCLUSION
In this topic I learned that Endocrine system is an important system in our body and it also has an
important function. And also, it serves as the collector of glands which produces hormones. It
also helps to regulate the growth and development and many more. In short, it help regulates and
maintain the various functions of the body by releasing hormones. This are often referred to as
chemical messengers. These hormones are produced and secreted by what are known as
endocrine glands. The endocrine system does not work alone. It works together with the nervous
system and immune system to help the body function the right way. The major glands of the
endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive
organs (ovaries and testes). The pancreas is also a part of this system, it has a role in hormone
production as well as in digestion.
I have also learned that our digestive system is uniquely constructed to perform its specialized
function of turning food into the energy we need to survive. And it is also for packaging the
residue for waste disposal. The organs of the digestive system work together so that complex
biomolecules in food are broken down into their simple monomers and absorbed by the body. A
number of secretions and the activity of a variety of enzymes, starting from the mouth down to
the intestines are involved in this process. Different glands and organs of this system reflect their
particular role, such as our mouth having a salivary glands and our teeth for grinding and
lubrication. Digestive system has another important role. It is to remove the undigested food
particles through egestion. Regulation of the digestive secretions are divided into three phases.
The three phase of digestive secretions are cephalic, gastric and the intestinal phase. Cephalic
phase is the secretion of digestive enzymes and secretions at the sight, smell or thought of food.
Gastric phase begins when food is swallowed. Intestinal phase is associated with the duodenum
and not only influences the release of secretions from the liver and pancreas but also provides
feedback to our stomach.