ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Chapter 13. Control and Response

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Grade 9
 Lesson Objectives

• Define a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried

by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs.
• Identify specific endocrine glands and their secretions, limited to adrenal
glands and adrenaline, pancreas and insulin, testes and testosterone and
ovaries and estrogen.
• Describe adrenaline as the hormone secreted in ‘fight or flight’ situations and
its effects including; increased breathing and pulse rate and widened pupils.
• Discuss the role of the hormone adrenaline in the chemical control of
metabolic activity, including increasing the blood glucose concentration.
• Give examples of situations in which adrenaline secretion increases.
• Compare nervous and hormonal control systems in terms of speed and
longevity of action.
• State the functions of insulin, estrogen and testosterone.
 Chemical Coordinate systems
Messengers

Oestrogen
What is a Hormone? Insulin
What do hormones do?
Glucagon
Testosterone
Can you think of any
ADH examples? HGH

Travel in the blood, Causes a change in how

secreted by glands the body works

Control Growth, blood sugar, sex

development, mood, metabolism.
 Glands and hormones
• Two types of gland – endocrine and exocrine

• Exocrine glands have a duct, endocrine glands

do not
Where are your
glands found?
 Compare Hormone and Nervous Systems
HORMONES
Communication is by chemicals
called hormones
Transmission is in the blood to
all parts of the body. Only
target organs respond
Slow Transmission
Slow and long-lasting Response
Response is widespread
Effect maybe permanent and
irreversible
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Communication is by nerve
impulses
Transmission is by neurones
and travels to specific parts of
the body
Fast Transmission
Fast and short-lived response
Response is localised
Effect is temporary and
reversible
 Pituitary Gland
• Found at the base of the brain
• Produces lots of hormones, Example FSH, LH
ADH
 The Pancreas
• Both an endocrine
and exocrine

• Secretes 2
hormones involved
in the regulation of
blood glucose

• And the enzymes

into the small
intestine.
 Adrenaline
• Complete the phrase:
– Fight or flight

• Secreted by your
adrenal glands
 Adrenaline

• Think about a time when you were really

scared. List what you biological changes you
felt.
Adrenaline
 Which hormones do what?
Hormone Endocrine Gland Target Organs Action
Adrenaline Adrenal Gland Vital organs e.g. Prepares body for action
liver and heart
ADH Pituitary Gland Kidney Controls blood water level
by triggering uptake of
water in kidneys
Insulin Pancreas Liver and Muscles Reduces blood glucose
level
Glucagon Pancreas Liver Increases glucose level of
blood
Estrogen Ovaries Ovaries, uterus, Controls puberty. Increases
pituitary gland the thickness of uterus
lining in the menstrual
cycle

Testosterone Testes Male reproductive Controls puberty in males

organs