‫األسم‪:‬‬

‫عبدالعزيز سويلم‬
‫رقم المقرر ‪MTH413‬‬
Research Summary:

This scientific paper aims to study the gamma function and its most
important theories, where it was used

These theories solve some issues. Keywords Gamma function .

(1) Research introduction:

Due to the presence of advanced aspects in mathematics that require

functions other than elementary functions, through which we can
calculate difficult integrals or solve complex differential equations,
therefore the need for special functions such as the gamma, beta,
gender function and other special functions has emerged, and these
functions are also important in the fields of science. Applied. This
function has been defined in different ways, and the most important
of these definitions are the following:

[4] (Werierstrass definition) 1-1

00

C (2)

n=1

WITH

Where... 2- 1-0, and it is called Euler's constant and is defined by 772

c=
1

lim

Σ k=1

m00

In(m) 0.5772156649

[4] (Infinite limit definition 1-2) Euler’s infinite limit definition)

(z) = lim

n! n²

z(z + 1)(z+ 2)... (z + n)

n→∞ Z

;z≠0,-1,-2, ...

Definition (21) can be derived from definition (1-1) and its

characteristics:

Buz' m = n

]4[ )Integral Euler definition( 1-3) Integral Euler definition( Gamma

mathbb Z (z)=lim n infty n!n^ z z(z + 1)(z + 2) ...(z+n)

]4[ )Legender's duplication formula 1-4) Legend's duplication formula

for Jama( Gamma*\mathbb{Xi}(z) = integrate e ^ (- t) * t ^ (z - 1) dt
from 0 to ∞; Re (z) >

1/(Gamma(z)) = z*e^(gamma*z)*prod n = 1 to ∞ \{(1 + z/n)*e^(-

z/n)\}

1 Gamma(z) =z lim m infty ^n-1 e^ (1+ 1 2 + 1 3 +***+ 1 m ln(m))z

prod n = 1 to m \{(1 + z/ n)*e^(-z/n)\}

1 Gamma(z) =z lim m infty e^ (1+ 1 2 + 1 3 +*+ 1 m -ln(m))Z .e^ (-z- z 2

-*- z m ) prod n = 1 to m \{(1 + z/n)\}

1/(Gamma(z)) = z * lim m -> ∞ e ^ (- z * ln(m)) * lim m -> ∞ prod n = 1

to m (1 + z/n);

1/(Gamma(z)) = z * lim m -> ∞ m ^ (- z) * prod n = 1 to m ((n + z)/n)

1 Gamma(z) = z lim m infty 1/(m^z)*(1+z)/1*(2+z)/2***(m+z)m

1 Gamma(z) = z lim m infty 1/(m^z)*1/(m!)*(1+z)(2+z) ...(m+z)

Gamma*\mathbb{Theta}(2z) = (2^(2z - 1))/(sqrt(pi)) * Gamma(z) *

Gamma(z + 1/2)

(2) Theorems on the gamma function

Theory (2-1)

Gamma[ \mathbb{Z}(1) = 1

Proof first using definition (1-1)

With the same previous steps in proving the definition (1-2), we find
that

By setting z = 1 we find that:

1 Gamma(1) =lim m infty \ 1/m * (1 + 1)(1 + 1/2)(1 + 1/3) ...(1+ 1 m )\
1 Gamma(1) =lim m infty \ 1/m * (2)(3/2)(4/3) ...( m m-1 )( m+1 m )\

Secondly, prove using the definition (1-2) 433 Rightarrow iz = 1omega

that: Gamma mathbb B (z)=lim n infty \ n!n^ z z(z + 1)(z + 2) ...(z+n) \

1/(Gamma(z)) = z * e ^ (gamma*z) * prod n = 1 to ∞ \{(1 + z/n) * e ^ (-

z/n)\}

1/(Gamma(z)) = z * lim m -> ∞ m ^ (- z) * prod n = 1 to m \{(1 + z/n)\}

1/(Gamma(1)) = 1 * lim m -> ∞ 1/m * prod n = 1 to m \{(1 + 1/n)\}

1/(Gamma(1)) = lim m -> ∞ \{((m + 1)/m)\}

1/(Gamma(1)) = 1 -> Gamma(1) = 1

Gamma mathbb B (1)=lim n infty\n!n (1)(2)(3)...(1+n)\

∴ Gamma(1) = 1 Gamma*\mathbb{B}(1) = lim n -> ∞ \{(n!n)/((1 +

n)!)\} = lim n -> ∞ (n/ (n+1))

. Gamma(1) = 1 Gamma*\mathbb{Theta}(1) = integrate e ^ (- t) * t ^ 0

dt from 0 to ∞ = integrate e ^ (- t) dt from 0 to ∞

Third, proof using definition (1-3)

By setting z = 1 we find that:

Theorem (2 - 2) Gamma[?]^ prime (1) = - gamma Proof

To prove this theory, we refer to definition (1-1)

Taking the logarithm of both sides:

Differentially with respect to 2

We set z = 1

Gamma*\mathbb{Xi}(z) = integrate e ^ (- t) * t ^ (z - 1) dt from 0 to ∞

1/(Gamma(z)) = z * e ^ (gamma*z) * prod n = 1 to ∞ \{(1 + z/n) * e ^ (-

z/n)\}

- ln(Gamma(z)) = ln(z) + gamma*z + sum n = 1 to ∞ [ln((n + z)/n) - z/n]

- 1/(Gamma(z)) * Gamma' * (z) = 1/z + gamma + sum n = 1 to ∞

\{(n/(n + z)) * 1/n - 1/n\} - 1/(Gamma(z)) * Gamma' * (z) = 1/z +
gamma + sum n = 1 to ∞ \{(1/(n + z)) - 1/n\}

By putting -1 instead of 2

Gamma*\mathbb{B}(z) * Gamma(1 - z) = 1/z * prod n = 1 to ∞ (1/(1 -

(z/n) ^ 2)) = 1/z * lim n -> ∞ 1/(prod n = 1 to m (1 - (x/n) ^ 2))

It is disassembled

Conclusion:

The gamma function was known in several forms, and each form was
based on a specific concept. The diversity of these forms led to the
diversification of the use of the gamma function in different applied
problems. The gamma function rarely appears in the form of
definitions (1-1) and (1-2) in applications, but Mostly, they appear in
the form of integrals, that is, they appear in the form of the definition
(1-3), which is the most common, and gamma is known in other
forms, due to the possibility of calculating the gamma function for
negative numbers.

Gamma(1-z)=lim n infty n!n^ 1-z (1 - z)(2 - z) ...(n+1-z) Gamma mathbb

B (z) Gamma(1-z)= lim n infty (n!)^ 2 n z(z+1)... (z + n)(1 - z)(2 - z)
...(n+1-z) z[ overline a ... hat s...hat s..

=lim n infty 1 z (n!)^ 2 n (1 - z ^ 2)(2 ^ 2 - z ^ 2) *(n^ 2 -z^ 2 )(n+1-z) =

1 z lim n infty 1 (1 - z ^ 2)(1 - (z/2) ^ 2) *(1-( z n )^ 2 ) lim n infty ( n
1+n-z )

pi/(sin(pi*z))

therefore Gamma(z) * Gamma(1 - z) = pi/(sin(pi*z))

the reviewer

[1] Al-Zawam Dallah, Omar Ashour, Muhammad Uraibi, Special

Functions, 2003.

[2] Murray Spiegel, Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and

Scientists, 1971.

[3] Maha Awad Al-Kubaisi Advanced Mathematics, Omar Al-Mukhtar

University Publications, 2004. [4] Larry C. Andrews, Special Function
For Engineers and Applied mathematicians, Macmillan publishing
company, New York, 1985.

[5] Farrell and Ross, Solved problems gamma and beta, The Macmillan
company, New York, 1963.