The future with “going to” “Going

“Going
“GOING
to”to”
“GOING
is also
TO”
TO”
is also
FOR
used
FOR
used
PREDICTIONS
PREDICTIONS
to make
to make
predictions
predictions
“Going
“Going
to” gives
to” gives
when
when
there
there
is evidence
is evidence
in the
in the
present
present
moment.
moment. the the
prediction.
prediction.
Future forms in English are formed using auxiliary verbs. See also:
One of the most commonly used constructions is The future with “will” 18
Future continuous 20 Future in the past 22
“going to” plus the base form of the main verb.
Evidence
Evidence
in the
in the
present
present
moment
momentmeans
means
thatthat
youyou
cancan
makemake
a prediction.
a prediction.
HOW TO FORM THE FUTURE WITH “GOING TO”

SUBJECT “BE” “GOING TO” BASE FORM OF VERB REST OF SENTENCE

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

“GOING TO” FOR FUTURE PLANS

“Going to” is used to talk about future events
that have been planned in advance, rather
than decided upon at the time of speaking.
Base form of verb.

QUESTIONS
QUESTIONSWITH
WITH“GOING
“GOING
TO”
TO”
Questions
Questions
with
with
“Be” matches the “Going to” doesn’t “going
“going
to”to”
areare
formed
formed
subject of the sentence. change with the subject.
by by
swapping
swappingthethe
subject
subject
andand
“be.”
“be.”

FURTHER EXAMPLES

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES Question
Question
words words
cancan
be added
be added
to the
to the
startstart
of the
of the
question.
question.
“Not” is added after the verb
“be” to make the negative.

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 The future with “will” “Will”
“Will”
“WILL”
“WILL”
is used
is used
FOR
FORPREDICTIONS
PREDICTIONS
to talk
to talk
about
about
predictions
predictions
about
about
thethe
future
future
when
when
there
there
is no
is no
firm
firm
evidence
evidence
forfor
that
that
prediction.
prediction.
“Will” is used to form some future tenses in English. See also:
It can be used in several different ways, which are all The future with “going to” 17
Infinitive and participles 51
different from the future with “going to.”
There
There
is no
is firm
no firm
evidence
evidence
thatthat
the the
person
person
willwill
likelike
the the
movie.
movie.
HOW TO FORM THE FUTURE WITH “WILL”
SUBJECT “WILL” BASE FORM OF VERB REST OF SENTENCE

the new movie. FURTHER

FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
“Probably"
“Probably" means
means
something
something
is likely,
is likely,
butbut
notnot
definite.
definite.
“Will” doesn’t change
with the subject.

THE FUTURE USING “WILL”

English uses “will” when talking about the future in four main ways: TIP
Remember to use the
future with “going to” for
To make a predictions based on current
prediction about evidence, and for decisions
what you think made before the time
will happen. of speaking. “WILL”
“WILL”FOR
FORQUICK
QUICKDECISIONS
DECISIONS
This prediction is not “Will”
“Will”
is used
is used
to describe
to describe
quick
quick
decisions
decisions
that
that
based on evidence. someone
someone hashas
made
madeat the
at the
time
time
of speaking.
of speaking.
They
They
Contraction areare
often
oftena solution
a solution
to an
to an
unexpected
unexpected problem.
problem. “Will”
“Will”
shows
shows
youyou
have
have
justjust
made
madethe the
decision.
decision.
To offer to
do something
for someone.

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
To make a “Will
“Will
not”not”
or “won’t”
or “won’t”
is the
is the “So”“So”
is often
is often
used
used
to join
to join
a a
promise. negative
negative
formform
of “will.”
of “will.” situation
situation
to atoquick
a quick
decision.
decision.

This decision was not

planned in advance.

To describe a
decision you’ve
just made.

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 “WILL” FOR MAKING OFFERS “THINK”
“THINK”
WITH
WITH
“WILL”
“WILL”
“Will” is also “Think”
“Think”
cancan
be be
usedused
with
with
“will”
“will”
to show
to show
that
that
a a
used to offer to prediction
prediction
is just
is just
an an
opinion,
opinion,
or or
a decision
a decision
is not
is not
final.
final.
do something
for someone. “That”
“That”
is used
is used
afterafter
“think,”
“think,” ThisThis
is anis uncertain
an uncertain
butbutit can
it can
be left
be left
out.out. prediction.
prediction.

ThisThis
decision
decision
is still
is still
being
being
considered.
considered.
FURTHER EXAMPLES

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

“Think”
“Think”
is made
is made
negative,
negative,
rather
rather
thanthan
“will.”
“will.”

“WILL” FOR MAKING PROMISES

"Will" can be used when
making a promise.
FUTURE
FUTURE
WITH
WITH
“SHALL”
“SHALL”
“Shall”
“Shall”
is used
is used
instead
instead of “will”
of “will”
when
whenasking
asking
forfor
a decision,
a decision,or or
making
making
offers
offers
or or
suggestions.
suggestions.
In these
In these
cases,
cases,
it isitonly
is only
used
used
with
with
“I” “I”
or or
“we.”
“we.”
It isItrarely
is rarely
used
used
in US
in US
English.
English.

FURTHER EXAMPLES “Shall”

“Shall”
is being
is being
usedused “Shall”
“Shall”
is being
is being
used
used
to make
to make an offer.
an offer. to make
to make a suggestion.
a suggestion.

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

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 The present for future events TheThe
THE
present
THE
present
PRESENT
PRESENTCONTINUOUS
continuous
CONTINUOUS
continuous
FOR
FORFUTURE
FUTURE
EVENTS
EVENTS
“At the
“At the
moment”
moment” shows
shows
the the Present
Present
continuous
continuous
refers
refers
cancan
be be
usedused
to talk
to talk action
action
refers
refers
to the
to the
present.
present. to Dave’
to Dave’
s present
s present
activity.
activity.
The present simple and present continuous can be used See also: about
about
pre-arranged
pre-arranged
to talk about future events that are already planned. They Present simple 1 Present continuous 4 future
future
events.
events.
TimeTime
Prepositions of time 107 markers
markers
usually
usually
show
show
are usually used with a future time word or time phrase.
whether
whetherthethe
event
event
is in
is in
thethe
present
presentor or
future.
future.
THE PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE EVENTS Time
Time
clause
the the
clause
action
“tomorrow”
action
“tomorrow”
refers
refers
to the
shows
to the
shows
future.
future.
Present
Present
future
continuous
future
continuous
event
event
refers
thatthat
refers
to ato a
is planned.
is planned.
The present simple This refers to a point
can be used to talk Present simple. in the future.
about events that are
scheduled to take
place in the future. NOW
NOW TOMORROW
TOMORROW

NOW 10PM HOW

HOWTOTO
FORM
FORM

SUBJECT
SUBJECT PRESENT
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS FUTURE
FUTURE
TIME
TIME
PHRASE
PHRASE

HOW TO FORM
SUBJECT PRESENT SIMPLE FUTURE TIME PHRASE

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

FURTHER EXAMPLES

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 The future continuous TheThe
future
THE
THE
future
FUTURE
FUTURE
continuous
CONTINUOUS
continuous
CONTINUOUS
cancanalso
WITH
WITH
also
“ANYWAY”
be be
“ANYWAY”
used
used
to talk
to talk
about
about
events
events
that
that
areare
going
going
to happen
to happen
as aasmatter
a matter
of course
of course
or or
“anyway.”
“anyway.”
The future continuous can be formed using “will” or See also:
“going to.” It describes an event or situation that will Present continuous 4 “Will” 18
Infinitives and participles 51
be in progress at some point in the future.

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS WITH WILL

The future continuous describes an event that will be in progress at a given time in the future
which is often stated. The event will start before the stated time and may continue after it.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

“Anyway”
“Anyway”
is implied
is implied
here.
here.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

NEUTRAL
NEUTRALQUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
TheThe
future
future
continuous
continuous
is also
is also
used
used
to ask
to ask
neutral
neutral
questions:
questions:
questions
questions
asked
asked
forfor
information,
information, notnot
to make
to make
a request.
a request.

NEUTRAL
NEUTRAL
QUESTION
QUESTION REQUEST
REQUEST
NOW 10 YEARS’ TIME
Future
Future
simple.
simple.
Future
Future
continuous.
continuous.

HOW TO FORM
SUBJECT “WILL BE” PRESENT PARTICIPLE OBJECT

FURTHER EXAMPLES FURTHER

FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

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 THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TO TALK ABOUT THE PRESENT THE
THEFUTURE
FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS
WITH
WITH
“GOING
“GOING
TO”
TO”
You can also use the future continuous to speculate about TheThe
future
future
continuous
continuous cancansometimes
sometimes be be
formed
formedwith
with
“going
“going
to”to”
what is happening at the present moment. instead
instead
of “will,”
of “will,”
butbut
thisthis
is less
is less
common.
common. It can
It can
be be
usedused
in most
in most
future
future
continuous
continuous constructions
constructions except
exceptto speculate
to speculateabout
about
thethe
present.
present.

HOW
HOWTOTO
FORM
FORM

SUBJECT
SUBJECT “BE”“BE” “GOING
“GOING
TO TO
BE”BE” PRESENT
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
PARTICIPLE REST
REST
OF OF
SENTENCE
SENTENCE

FURTHER EXAMPLES

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

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 The future perfect TheThe
future
THE
THE
future
FUTURE
FUTURE
perfect
perfect
PERFECT
PERFECT
continuous
CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS
continuouscancan
be be
used
used
to predict
to predict
thethe
length
length
of an
of an
activity.
activity.
This
This
tense
tense
looks
looks
backback
from
from
thethe
imagined
imagined
finishing
finishing
time
time
in the
in the
future.
future.
The future perfect is used to talk about an event that will See also:
overlap with, or finish before, another event in the Infinitives and participles 51
Prepositions of time 107
future. It can be used in simple or continuous forms.

THE FUTURE PERFECT

The future perfect is used to describe an action
“By” has a similar
or event that will be finished before a certain future time. meaning to “before.”

LAST
LAST
JULY
JULY NOW
NOW JULY
JULY

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
NOW NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY
TIME
TIME
PHRASE
PHRASE SUBJECT
SUBJECT “WILL
“WILL
HAVE
HAVE
BEEN”
BEEN” PRESENT
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
PARTICIPLE REST
REST
OF OF
SENTENCE
SENTENCE

HOW TO FORM
SUBJECT “WILL HAVE” PAST PARTICIPLE OBJECT TIME PHRASE

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

FURTHER EXAMPLES

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 The future in the past Where
Where
THE
“will”
THEFUTURE
“will”
FUTURE
is used
ININ
is used
THE
THE
PAST
to talk
PAST
to talk
USING
USING
“WOULD”
“WOULD”

about
about
a future
a future
event
event
fromfrom
thethe
There are a number of constructions in English that can See also: present,
present,
“would”
“would”is used
is used
to talk
to talk
be used to describe thoughts about the future that Past continuous 10 about
about
a past
a past
viewview
of it.
of it.
Infinitives and participles 51
someone had at some point in the past.
EARLIER
EARLIER NOW
NOW
THE FUTURE IN THE PAST USING “WAS GOING TO”
The future in the past is used to
look back on an earlier prediction.
Where “going to” is used to talk
about the future from the present,
“was / were going to” is used to
talk about a past view of it. FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

EARLIER NOW

HOW TO FORM THE

THEFUTURE
FUTURE
ININ
THE
THE
PAST
PAST
USING
USING
THE
THE
PAST
PAST
CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS
TheThe
past
past
continuous
continuousis used
is used
to talk
to talk
about
about
an an
SUBJECT “WAS / WERE” “GOING TO” BASE FORM REST OF SENTENCE arranged
arranged
future
future
event
event
fromfrom
a time
a time
in the
in the
past.
past.

MONDAY
MONDAYMORNING
MORNING MONDAY
MONDAYAFTERNOON
AFTERNOON NOW
NOW

FURTHER EXAMPLES

FURTHER
FURTHER
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

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 Future overview English
English
future.
verb
verb
uses
future.
“will”
uses
These
“will”
different
These
or or
different
areare
a form
a form
constructions
mostly
constructions
mostly
of of
formed
“be”
formed
“be”
with
with
with
to to
with
“going
talk

“going
talk
thethe
about
about
auxiliary
thethe
auxiliary
to.”to.”
SeeSee
also:
TheThe
also:
future
TheThe
future
future
withwith
future
“going
withwith
to” 17
“going
“will” 18 18
“will”
to” 17

THE FUTURE
The present simple can be used to talk about The simple future is the most common form TheThe
future
future
perfect
perfect
is used
is used
to predict
to predict
when
when TheThe
future
future
in the
in the
past
past
describes
describesthoughts
thoughts
about
about
thethe
events that are timetabled or scheduled to used to refer to an event in the future. an an
action
action
or or
event
event
willwill
be be
finished.
finished.
This
This
tense
tense future
future
that
that
someone
someonehadhad
at some
at somepoint
point
in the
in the
past.
past.
take place in the future. looks
looks
back
back
from
from
an an
imagined
imagined time
time
in the
in the
future.
future. There
There
areare
three
three
ways
ways
to form
to form
thisthis
construction.
construction.

“Am“Am
going
going
to” becomes
to” becomes
“was“was
going
going
to.” to.”
“Will”
“Will”
becomes
becomes
“would.”
“would.”

The present continuous can The future continuous describes an event that will be TheThe
future
future
perfect
perfect
continuous
continuousis used
is used
to predict
to predict
be used to talk about future in progress at a given time in the future. The event will thethe
eventual
eventual
duration
duration
of an
of an
activity.
activity.
This
This
tense
tense
arrangements and plans. start before the stated time and may continue after it. looks
looks
back
back
from
from
thethe
endpoint
endpointof the
of the
action.
action.

“Am“Am
starting”
starting”
becomes
becomes
“was“was
starting.”
starting.”

“GOING TO” AND “WILL”

English uses both “going to” and “will” to talk about the future. They can sometimes have a
very similar meaning, but there are certain situations where they mean different things. ThisThis
decision
decision
waswas
notnot
planned
planned
in advance.
in advance.
“Will” is used to This is a prediction “Will”
“Will”
is used
is used
when
when
make predictions without firm evidence. a decision
a decisionis made
is made
that aren’t based on at the
at the
timetime
of speaking.
of speaking.
present evidence.

ThisThis
decision
decision
has has
already
already
been
been
planned.
planned.

“Going to” is used when “Going

“Goingto”to”
is used
is used
there is evidence in the when
whentalking
talking
about
about
present moment to a decision
a decision
thatthat
hashas
support a prediction. already
already
been
beenmade.
made.

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