 ‫א‬‫א‬

@ @òÜßb“Ûa@òîãëØÛ⁄a@ïㇾa@òjnØß
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻧﻈﻢ ادارة ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬

Microsoft Access XP

Eng. Mohamad S. Ghanem

Mghanem_2002@yahoo.com
 ‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪Database system‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﱄ ﳊﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ‪ Records‬ﻛﻞ ﺳﺠﻞ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻞ ‪ Field‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﲜﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘــــــﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫‪٢٥٦٢٣١‬‬ ‫‪١٩٧٨/٣/٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬
‫‪٢٦٩٨٤١‬‬ ‫‪١٩٧٧/٥/٢٥‬‬ ‫ﳏﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﻨﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﲪﺪ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫‪٣٢٠١٥٤‬‬ ‫‪١٩٧٦/١٠/١٥‬‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺫﻥ ﻓﺎﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻻﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪Insert new records‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ‪Delete records‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪Update‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪Retrieve‬‬

‫®‪Microsoft‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﻤﻤﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Access‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Microsoft Access‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Start‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪ Programs‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪Microsoft Access‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ )ﻣﻠﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ( ‪Blank Access dBase‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ ‪ Blank Access database‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ )ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ( ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ‪ File name‬ﻭﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ‪Save‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ in‬ﰒ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ‪.Create‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻂ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪Tables‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ‪Queries‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ‪Forms‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ‪Reports‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪Pages‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭ ‪Macros‬‬

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 ‫‪ -‬ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﳕﻄﻴﺔ ‪Modules‬‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪Tables‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ Access‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭﻻﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻻﰐ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ )‪ (Tables‬ﰒ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ )‪ (New‬ﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻻﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ Datasheet view‬ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪.Excel‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪ Design view‬ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ Table wizard‬ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻫﺰﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺣﻀﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ Import table‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﰎ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪ Design view‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﰒ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪ Ok‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻣﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺣﻘﻞ ‪ Field‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺳﺠﻞ ‪ Record‬ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻥ ﳓﺪﺩ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺪﺓ )ﺣﻘﻮﻝ( ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﳍﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ƒ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ‪:Field name‬‬
‫ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰﻼ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ƒ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪:Data type‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ) ﻧﺺ(‪ Text‬ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻓﻤﺜ ﹸ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻮﻥ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ Number‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ ‪:Description‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺩﺧﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ‪:Field properties‬‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﰲ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ‪Field size‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪. Format‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻻﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻚ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ )ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ( ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ‪ Field name‬ﰒ ﻧﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﱄ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ Data type‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻧﺺ ‪ Text‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻞ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻧﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪.Ok‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬

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 ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻓﺘﺢ ‪ Open‬ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﻧﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ ‪Filter‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪Filter By Form‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪Filter By Selection‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪Filter Excluding Selection‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪Advanced Filter/Sort‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪Filter By Form‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ "ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ" ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ‪Records‬‬
‫ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ‪ Filter‬ﻭﻣﻨﺔ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪ Filter By Form‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﲣﺘﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﱄ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﺪﻟﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪Filter By Selection‬‬

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‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ "ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ" ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﳓﺪﺩ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻒ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ‪ Records‬ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ‪ Filter‬ﻭﻣﻨﺔ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪Filter By‬‬
‫‪ Selection‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪Filter Excluding Selection‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﲡﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﻧﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ "ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ" ﳓﺪﺩ ﺍﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ‪ Records‬ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ‪ Filter‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪ Excluding Selection Filter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ‪Queries‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ Access‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ‪ Query‬ﻭﻫﻮﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺰﻝ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﻲ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮﺑﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ‪ Queries‬ﰒ ﻧﻀﻌﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪New‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﳓﺪﺩ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ "ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ" ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪Add‬ﰒ ﺍﻏﻼﻕ ‪ ) Close‬ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ( ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﱄ ﺟﺰﺋﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﲤﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﳒﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﻘﻞ ‪ Field‬ﳓﺪﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﻀﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﱄ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ Table‬ﳓﺪﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺮﺯ ‪ Sort‬ﳓﺪﺩ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Criteria‬ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻮﻑ ﳒﺮﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﲤﺮﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺷﺨﺺ ﲟﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﳒﺮﻱ ﺍﻻﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ "ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ" ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺿﻐﻄﺎ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ "ﺍﻻﺳﻢ" ﻭ "ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ" ﻭ "ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ" ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺿﻴﻔﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ﺣﻘﻞ ‪ Field‬ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻇﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ Table‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Criteria‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻮﻑ ﳒﺮﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ "ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﺪ" ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻐﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻓﻴﺴﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻔﻂ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﲰﻪ "ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺷﺨﺺ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪ Ok‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﱄ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻗﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﳓﺪﺩﻩ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﺘﺢ ‪ Open‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺘﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﲰﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Criteria‬ﺍﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻏﲑ ﳏﺪﺩ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﻨﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻧﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﱄ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪ Design‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ] ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ [ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ )ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ(‪ :‬ﳓﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﰒ ﻧﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﳓﺪﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ‪ Open‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

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‫‪Microsoft Access XP‬‬ ‫‪Eng. Mohamad S. Ghanem‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪ Ok‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ‪Primary key‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﳔﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﱄ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻅ "ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ" ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ "ﻛﻮﺩ" ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫‪ Insert‬ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ‪ Rows‬ﻓﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ "ﻛﻮﺩ" ﻭﳓﺪﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ Number‬ﻭﳒﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ‪ Primary key‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻧﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ‪ Edit‬ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ‪ Primary key‬ﻓﻨﻼﺣﻆ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍ ﺕ ﻭﻧﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ "ﻛﻮﺩ" ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺷﺨﺼﲔ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ )ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ‪(Primary key‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪Relationship‬‬

‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺪﻭﻟﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﻻﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻟﲔ ﰲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪.‬‬
‫ﲤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻨﺸﻲﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﻭﻟﲔ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻛﺎﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻓﺄﺣﺪ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻟﲔ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﻮﺩ )‪(PK‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﻮﺩ )‪(PK‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻭﻻﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﰲ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳓﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻘﻞ "ﻛﻮﺩ" ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ "ﺍﻻﲰﺎﺀ" ﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ "ﻛﻮﺩ" ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫"ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ" ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ‪ Tools‬ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ‪Relationship‬‬
‫ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻌﻂ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ Add‬ﰒ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻌﻂ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ Add‬ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ( "ﺍﻻﲰﺎﺀ" ﻧﺴﺤﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ "ﻛﻮﺩ" ﻭﻧﻀﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ( "ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ" ﻭﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻻﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻥ ﳓﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﱄ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪One to One‬‬

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‫‪Microsoft Access XP‬‬ ‫‪Eng. Mohamad S. Ghanem‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﱄ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ‪One to Many‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪One to One‬‬
‫ﺍﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪One to Many‬‬
‫ﺍﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﳓﺪﺩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀ ‪ Create‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻂ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻘﻠﲔ ‪١:١‬‬

‫ﻧﻐﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻭﳓﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ﰒ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺣﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺗﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﳒﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﻗﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﰎ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

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‫‪Microsoft Access XP‬‬ ‫‪Eng. Mohamad S. Ghanem‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻥ ﻓﻠﻨﻨﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﳛﺪﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ )ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ( ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻟﲔ )ﺍﻻﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ( ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﻧﺪﺭﺝ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻟﲔ )ﻻ ﳓﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﱄ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻛﻮﺩ ( ﻭﰲ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ] ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ؟[ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫ﳓﻔﻂ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪ OK‬ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪Forms‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﻪ ﻭﺟﺬﺍﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪Create Form‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﳓﺪﺩ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ‪Forms‬‬

‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪ New‬ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪Design view‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪Form wizard‬‬
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 ‫)‪ (٣‬ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪Columnar‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺟﺪﻭﱄ ‪Tabular‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪Datasheet‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﺎﺕ ‪Chart wizard‬‬
‫ﳓﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪ Form wizard‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ OK‬ﻓﻨﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﱄ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﺪد اﻟﺠﺪول‬

‫ﻧﺤﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﻮل‬

‫ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﰒ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﻭﺍﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﶈﺪﺩ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﶈﺪﺩ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪ Next‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﱄ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ Layout‬ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ )ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪ /‬ﺟﺪﻭﱄ ‪ /‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ /‬ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻁ( ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‪ Columnar‬ﱎ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪ Next‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـ‪Style‬‬
‫ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻧﻀﻌﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪ Next‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪ Form‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺀ ‪ Finish‬ﳒﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻓﺘﺤﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

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 ‫اﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮل‬

‫اﻟﺴﺠﻼت‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ‪Reports‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﻫﺰ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ‪Create report‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﳓﺪﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ‪ Report‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪ New‬ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪Design view‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ‪Report wizard‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪Columnar‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺟﺪﻭﱄ ‪Tabular‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﺎﺕ ‪Chart wizard‬‬
‫ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ‪ Report wizard‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ "ﺷﺨﺺ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ OK‬ﻓﻨﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﱄ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪ Next‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﱄ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ Grouping levels‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﺔﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪ Next‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
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 ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ‪ Sort order‬ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﻱ ‪ Ascending‬ﺃﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﱄ‬
‫‪ Descending‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺮﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﻱ‪ A-Z‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪ Next‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﱄ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ‪) Layout‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪ /‬ﺟﺪﻭﱄ ‪ /‬ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻁ( ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺃﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ Portrait‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪ Landscape‬ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‪ Columnar‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪ Portrait‬ﱎ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪Next‬‬
‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـ‪ Style‬ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪ Next‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺀ ‪ Finish‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺪ ﰎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪ Ok‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪X...W‬‬
‫‪Eng. Mohamad S. Ghanem‬‬ ‫‪ ...‬‬ ‫‪With my best wishes‬‬

‫‪www.mohamad-ghanem.4t.com‬‬ ‫‪mghanem_2002@yahoo.com‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬
‫…‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

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