Resumen

Maria Fernanda Calamaco Arenas

Estrategias de comercialización Internacional

 TOPIC 13
FINANCIAL BUDGET
The budget is an accounting tool used by companies to plan and control their
actions in line with their strategy. The financial budget estimates the expenses and
expected financial results of projects, including exports. Key questions should be
considered when preparing a budget, such as the investment required, costs per
phase and export cost. In addition to financial budgets, there are non-financial
budgets, such as units manufactured, employees, and new products.
Financial resources are essential to the success of any project, and the budgeting
process allows you to quantify benefits, costs and risks, facilitating investment
decision making. However, the process can be complicated for international
companies due to factors such as the distinction between cash flows, political and
economic risk, and the connection between cash flow and financing.
Budgets usually have a specific period, usually a year, subdivided into months and
quarters, with periodic reviews for adjustments. The first step involves calculating
the operating budget that outlines revenue-generating activities. The budget is an
instrument of financial control and must be approved by the corporate
headquarters. Subunit management is charged with ensuring that budget
objectives are challenging but achievable, and accounting information systems are
used to evaluate performance throughout the year.
 TOPIC 14
Logistics Aspects: transport, inventory, and packaging
This topic discusses the application of logistics in the context of foreign trade.
Logistics plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficient execution of operations
related to the preparation and delivery of merchandise in international trade. The
key points from the text include:
• International Marketing: This involves identifying the best options for
exportable products, target markets, distribution channels, pricing, and
international promotion to encourage purchases.
• Regulations: Adhering to legal frameworks and taking advantage of
international and national norms, as well as bilateral and multilateral trade
agreements and treaties, is essential for successful exports.
• Export Logistics: Export logistics comprises five critical tasks, including:
• Customs proceedings: Dealing with customs requirements and
documentation.
• Transport: The movement of merchandise from its point of origin to its
destination.
• Merchandise handling: Protecting and facilitating merchandise movement
using containers and packages.
• Insurance: Insuring merchandise to mitigate the risk of damage during
transit.
• International payment methods: Ensuring that both exporters and
importers fulfill their agreements during negotiations.
• Containers and Packages: In logistics, containers and packages are used
to protect and facilitate the movement of merchandise. Containers serve as
individual protection and may also act as advertising or trading elements,
while packages provide physical protection during transportation. Additional
protection can be applied to packages to prevent damage during transit.
• Merchandise Handling: This involves packaging, storage, and stowage,
depending on the nature of the merchandise, means of transportation,
handling staff, and instructions from importers or exporters.
• Insurance: All merchandise involved in foreign trade is at risk of damage,
and insurance rates are determined based on factors such as the type of
merchandise and its value.
• International Payment Methods: Managing collections to ensure both
exporters and importers fulfill their agreements.
• Logistics in Foreign Trade: Logistics in foreign trade encompasses
various actions and procedures necessary for delivering merchandise to
clients and completing payments. It includes transport, merchandise
 handling, customs procedures, insurance, credit management, and
collections.
In summary, logistics plays a vital role in foreign trade by ensuring that the process
of preparing and delivering merchandise is efficient and compliant with regulations,
ultimately contributing to the success of exports.