Foreign Literature

* Zhao, Pengjun & Zhang, Yixue (2019): The effects of metro fare increase on transport equity:
New evidence from Beijing
Changes in public transit fares can significantly affect residents' travel expenditures and
possibly transport-related social equity. However, cases from developed countries dominate the
existing literature in the field, and the comparison of equity between flat fare and distance-based
fare is scarce. ... To relieve operators’ financial pressures, the Beijing municipal government
replaced its flat metro fare (CNY 2) by a distance-based fare in 2014. Using retrospective
survey data, this study analysed the effects of the metro fare increase on transport equity. An
index of affordability was established to measure transit equity, and the multivariable models
showed that the introduction of a distance-based fare would significantly increase the cost
burden of vulnerable residents on metro use with such groups as low-income earners and
young workers, who pay more than their counterparts.

*Jaime Larumbe (2021): Measuring Customer Reservation Price for Maintenance, Repair and
Operations of the Metro Public Transport System in Qatar
Getting to know the price that users assign to maintenance, repair and operations (MRO) has
arisen as an essential consideration in gathering financial sustainability for metro public
transport systems. The current research reveals customer reservation price for MRO in the main
metro stations in Qatar. The purpose of the present work is to assess the willingness to pay for
MRO services in eight metro stations in Doha in order to have a better understanding of user
preferences. ... The outputs of this research are significant for railway public authorities willing to
set up reasonable, adequate and realistic fares that support fund competent railway systems in
Qatar.

*Zaher Youssef & Habib Alshuwaikhat & Imran Reza (2021): Modeling the Modal Shift towards
a More Sustainable Transport by Stated Preference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
This study explores the potential commuters’ perception towards the Metro services and the
factors that limit their propensity to use Metro and understand the tradeoffs that the individuals
make when they are faced with a combination of mode characteristics (e.g., travel time, price,
walking time). ... The coefficient of travel attribute: travel time, fuel cost, Metro fare, and walking
time was found to be statistically significant with a different effect on mode choice. The elasticity
of the coefficient showed that an increase in the fuel price by 10% would increase the metro
ridership by 5.3% and reduce car dependency. Decreasing the walking time by 5 min to the
metro station will increase the metro ridership by 22%. ... Increase Metro fare by 10% will
decrease Metro ridership by 6.9%.

https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/htsearch?q=%22Metro+fare%22

LOCAL
*The implementation of policies will result in different distributions of benefits and burdens
across members of the society, fundamentally affecting people's lives. Arguments about which
frameworks and/or resulting distributions are morally preferable constitute the topic of
distributive justice (Lamont et al., 2017). Scholars have proposed different principles based on
different standpoints and emphasized different distribution rules for groups. The relatively simple
principle is “strict

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967070X18300180

Usability of “Traysi”: A Web Application for Tricycle Commuters

Informing passengers of the established fare rates Researchers investigated the use of
technology. A Singapore is where a real-time travel information service was created. Allowing
customers to ascertain the approximate length and cost of a excursion that they will take in
order to schedule their time and prepare budget appropriately, acting as a defense against
drivers that are rude and may take longer than anticipated trips notably when taking care of
visitors. A web site in the Philippines Many people now utilize an application called Sakay.ph.
To determine the costs for the specified travel days for Metro Manila both the starting and
ending point.

the majority of past research that produced an application only includes buses, trains, and
jeepneys for commuters the guidebook. Despite the fact that some applications for tricycle
commuters were designed for certain locations, but none have examined the usefulness of
these programs to comprehend how actual people utilize the apps, which can be used as a
based on the outcomes, provide guidance to improve the application. This This gap was
addressed in the study. web application with the name The creation of "Traysi" and its
usefulness in terms of Evaluations of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction ascertain
whether it may offer the tricycle commuters a practical application to simultaneously receive the
travel information and question the fare when traveling to a trike terminal, directions and the
address to a certain place.

https://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume10No7/Paper_38-
Usability_of_Traysi_A_Tricycle_Commuting_Web_Application.pdf