Mining Zimbabwe Magazine Issue 55 June 2022

Mining
THE PROVIDER OF VALUABLE INTELLIGENCE TO THE ZIMBABWE MINING COMMUNITY

ISSUE
55
2022
Z I M B A B W E
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Mining
Z I M B A B W E
WRITERS/ JOURNALISTS/CONTRIBUTORS
Rudairo Mapuranga - rudairomap@gmail.com
Keith Sungiso
CONTENT Mining Zimbabwe Magazine |Issue 55
Sophia Takuva
05
Prince Sunduzani
Daniel Nhepera
SALES & ADVERTISING
Kelvin Sungiso
kelvin@miningzimbabwe.com
Interview:
Cell/Whatsapp: 0775523000 Kuvimba Mining House
PUBLISHER Chief Executive Officer
Timelison Media (Zimbabwe)
ABOUT PUBLICATION
Mining Zimbabwe is the premier source of

Zimbabwe Mining News. Our core focus is the
Zimbabwe Mining Industry, trends, new
technologies being developed and used to improve
this crucial sector, as well as new opportunities and
investments arising from it. Mining Zimbabwe’s
sole purpose is growing and empowering the
Mining Industry and highlighting all its challenges
INSIDE MINING ZIMBABWE
as well as putting forth expert solutions
THE CLEAR PERSPECTIVE Casualties in mining drop significantly
06 36
Interview: Mines and Mining
08 Development Minister Winston Chitando 38 CHEMICAL SUPPLY to the Mining and
Manufacturing sectors in Zimbabwe
AVAILABLE IN RETAILS STORES RioZim Biox plant breathes new life to
12 Zimbabwe mining industry
AANR poised to exploit the Nickel Supply

14 Cliff
FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Mining Cyber Risks and Insurance

40 Solutions
Gold Mining, buying/selling and
Online Awards 42 registration in Zimbabwe
Gearing towards a sustainable future -

46 Importance of ESG in Mining
18 12 48 Investment opportunities in the

Zimbabwe Semi-Precious and gemstones
industry
Minerals and areas of verified deposits in
52 Zimbabwe
Interview: Elton Gwatidzo Mine Manager -
16 HOW MINE
18 2021 PROJECTS 36
CALEDONIA focuses on underground
26 development to increase production
Widening the Investment Spectrum In the

28 mining sector
Bright prospects for Panashe Muguza

32
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04 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

INTERVIEW: KUVIMBA CEO
Interview
KUVIMBA MINING HOUSE CEO
Simba Chinyemba
A brief introduction of yourself? How many people are employed by there no interest in minerals like Lithium
Kuvimba? for Kuvimba?
My name is Simba Chinyemba. My current
role is CEO for Kuvimba Mining House (Pvt) Kuvimba currently employs over 4000 KMH has an interest in Lithium. Indeed, we
Ltd. I am an actuary by profession. I enjoy employees across the different mining are currently exploring one of our resources
hiking, travelling and seeing the world. assets we have. where current indications are that we have
Indeed, I have lived in 7 countries now, a very large lithium resource at Sandawana.
including Zimbabwe where I am glad to be Are there any CSR programmes you are
back. Prior to my current role, I have held currently engaged in? As a predominantly Zimbabwean owned
various leadership and board roles gained company, we obviously wish that most
in the United Kingdom, Bermuda, Asia, the All our major mines have CSR programmes Zimbabweans are able to take part in our
Middle East and various African countries. in the communities. There are indeed so economy through both ownership and
many it would be difficult to mention them employment in our massive natural
You are running the country’s biggest all for this interview. resource sector. As Kuvimba, we do our part
Mining House what is your working day in this regard by being both majority
like? Just a few examples we have are: owned by the government and also
Refurbishing and equipping the schools in through our listing program which I will
I would start with a comment on the “ the villages, providing accessible medical outline below. Our timeline is beyond
running the company” part of your care to the communities through our generations and therefore we acknowledge
question. As Group CEO of KMH, I really am clinics. We have also opened Covid testing the lack of capital in our country. In that
just the figurehead of a team of leaders centres and isolation centres which are regard, we welcome the interest in
including the CFO, Innocent Rukweza and made available to the communities around Zimbabwe lithium from foreign companies
the COO Cobus Bronn. In a different world our mines. and view it as good for the economic
without titles, we might have seen development of our country. When the
ourselves as co-CEOs. In addition, most of Are any new projects slated for this year? President said that Zimbabwe is open for
our mines have their own senior business, the practical meaning of that
management structure with CEOs who re- The three major projects that we have includes that we are open to foreigners
port into the team at group level. going on are : investing in our country, especially in the
mining sector.
My day is therefore mostly spent discussing 1. Creating an open-pit mine at Shamva.
matters of strategy and operational This will likely be the largest open-pit gold What is the current progress at the
progress with the various leaders we have mine in the country both by size and Darwendale Platinum mine?
in the business. I also typically engage the production.
different stakeholders we have in the 2. Exploration project at Sandawana where The Darwendale project is still ongoing. The
business regularly to ensure that we are still initial indications show a large scale lithium original project was modelled on the
aligned in our common objectives and resource. possibility of underground mining. After
where necessary, adjust course to ensure 3. The Darwendal Platinum project which is further exploration and analysis common
alignment. still ongoing and is of course part of our to projects such as this, it is now believed
major projects. that the orebody may be more amenable
Which assets (Mines) does Kuvimba 4. Resuscitation of the Zimbabwe Alloys to an open-pit project. GDI is thus
currently own? mining and ferrochrome production remodelling the whole Darwendale project
complex. in order to take this into account. Further
Kuvimba owns quite a large array of assets 5. Assisting the Government of Zimbabwe updates will be provided in due course.
either as 100% owner or as a majority in the turnaround and resuscitation of the
shareholder. These are: Ziscosteel integrated steelmaking complex.
Continued on next page
• Freda Rebecca Gold Mine
• Bindura Nickel Corporation Given the size of Kuvimba, we also have
• Shamva Mining Company many other exploration and development
• Jena Mines projects constantly happening at our
• Elvington Mine various mines and assets.
• Sandawana Mine
• Zimbabwe Alloys Limited What exploration projects are you
• Great Dyke Investments currently undertaking?
• Homestake Mines
As I mentioned above, we have exploration
How much Capex has Kuvimba injected projects at nearly every asset we have. This
into Mining projects since its inception? is indeed a standard part of our operating
ethos. We also have major exploration
Kuvimba has injected significant funding projects going on at Sandawana and Freda
into the operations, the funding was meant Rebecca Gold.
to acquire the assets, and address the
mines expansion CAPEX and working Some of our readers expressed
capital requirements. The funding was in disappointment that important projects
excess of US$300 million. specifically Bikita minerals and Arcadia
lithium went to foreign companies. Is

What is the plan of action for the Zisco resuscitation?
The resuscitation of Ziscosteel is a major project. KMH’s role is to

be the government’s partner in the turnaround program. This
involves leading the strategy formulation, capital injection and
raising efforts and helping the board and management of
Ziscosteel make the necessary strategic decisions. The plan
involves scaling up the iron ore mining capacity of Ziscosteel,
Resuscitating the steelmaking complex and ensuring that the
products from Ziscosteel.
How much gold did you produce last year and what are your
targets for this year?
Kuvimba produced 115,136 ounces.
The government has been calling for mining houses to list on

Victoria Falls Stock Exchange (VFEX) are there plans for you to
list?
KMH has heeded this call by the government. In December 2021,
we led the movement of Bindura Nickel Corporation from the ZSE
to the VFEX. We also have major plans to list at least 2 more major
companies within the next 18 months. Given the confidential
nature of various regulatory processes involved in listing
companies, all I can say for now is watch this space. We will be
making necessary announcements at the appropriate times.
Since the fall of Mhangura mine, the country’s copper

production has been relatively low to the extent that copper
was not mentioned as a significant mineral towards the
achievement of the US$12 Billion milestone. Are there any
copper projects you are interested in or currently undertaking?
KMH does not currently have a presence in the Copper sector. We

however believe that Copper is an important metal in the
economy of the future. We are therefore always looking at
opportunities and if one presents itself in a manner that aligns
with our vision and strategy, we will definitely consider it.
Chamber of Mines has a zero harm mantra, how is Kuvimba

working to achieve zero harm at its mines?
The Group continued to enforce its ZERO HARM policy and sought
to create a safe working environment by creating a culture that
promotes safety, teamwork, and accountability. Our SHE
management system (“SHEMS”) is based on ISO 14001:2015 and
ISO 45001:2018 which continued to blossom and guide the
business sustainability. In the financial year under review, the
Group’s SHE performance continues to be exceptionally better
than international and Zimbabwean mining standards. Prior to
Kuvimba, one of the mines used to have two fatalities annually,
now the Group sustainably achieves ZERO fatalities.
In terms of environmental rehabilitation after mining, what

measures are the company currently undertaking to ensure the
land can be used for other purposes?
There are various mining regulations in our country including

specific requirements on rehabilitation of the environment after
mining. As a group, our policy is to comply with all the relevant
regulations in all the areas we operate in. Indeed, our motto is
Beyond Generations. That in itself means we take very seriously
our environmental responsibilities not just today but also for a
future that may be beyond our current generation. ENDS//

INTERVIEW: ZIMBABWE MINES AND MINING DEVELOPMENT MINISTER
Interview: Mines and Mining Development Minister
Winston Chitando
INTERVIEW: ZIMBABWE MINES AND MINING DEVELOPMENT MINISTER
Zimbabwe is one of the richest countries WC Zimbabwe’s mining sector presents properties
on earth with over 63 discovered and many competitive opportunities to iv. Entering into joint ventures with existing
proven Minerals. different needs of diverse investors as a re- mining projects both private and public
sult of: (mainly Zimbabwe Mining Development
By Keith Sungiso • The abundance of mineral re- Corporation).
Zimbabwe is Open to any sources;
Investor regardless of their
It is a haven for Mining • Availability of a highly skilled KS Are there still any foreign investors in
nationality. There are a number
enthusiasts and is home to of foreign investors in labour force that is willing to Zimbabwe other than Chinese?
almost every mineral any Zimbabwe including Africans, work;
Mining die-hards can ever Americans, Canadians, • Attractive Investment WC Zimbabwe is Open to any Investor
Europeans, Russians,
dream of. From gold to Incentives; regardless of their nationality. There are a
Indians, Chinese e.tc.
platinum, lithium, diamonds you • Functional systems: number of foreign investors in Zimbabwe
name it we have it all. i. Effective and efficient minerals including Africans, Americans, Canadians,
marketing system; Europeans, Russians, Indians, Chinese e.tc.
Many across the globe have unanswered ii. Investor-friendly Mines and Minerals Act
questions on how they can have a piece of – currently being amended to KS Is an investor able to take their money
the Zimbabwean cake and Mining iii. make it more competitive; out of Zimbabwe?
Zimbabwe took this opportunity to speak iv. Responsive relevant Government
to the country’s Mines and Mining Ministries and institutions; Yes, the Government can make
Development Minister Hon Winston v. Progressive policies e.g. Ease of Doing arrangements with the Investor.
Chitando to shed light on investing in Business and Rapid Results
Zimbabwe. vi. Initiative (RRI); KS There are Media reports of disputes
vii. Availability of good basic infrastructure will an investor not wade into one
KS May you give a brief description of the – power, water, rail and road network. unknowingly?
Mineral Resources in Zimbabwe?
KS Are foreign Mining Investments in WC The Government will introduce a
WC Zimbabwe has excellent geology, Zimbabwe safe won't there be any taking computerised Mining Cadastre system for
comparable to that of leading mining over of investments because one is the ease of management of mining titles.
economies and has unique and highly foreign e. g the 49/51% ERA? The Cadastre system is meant to expedite
prospective geological environments: the process of mining administration and
WC The government exempted the mining mineral accountability.
• Expansive craton with high diamond sector from complying with equity
prospectively; thresholds of the Indigenisation and KS What’s the current time frame from
• Widespread greenstone belts rich in Economic Empowerment Act. Investors registration to actual mining?
precious metals, precious stones, base can now own 100% shareholding in all
metals and industrial minerals; mining projects across the sector. The timeframe is variable depending on
• The Great Dyke; the type of Mining Title. In recent years
• Precambrian sedimentary basins rich in KS Are foreign investors allowed to go it there has been an influx in the application
placer gold and diamond deposits alone without being tied to partnerships for Mining Titles. The Ministry of Mines and
• Karoo basins rich in coal, coal bed meth- with locals? Mining Development is currently
ane gas (CBM), natural gas and uranium. undertaking the Backlog Clearance
• Metamorphic belts rich in pegmatite min- WC Access to prospecting and mining Programme in various Provinces to
erals such as lithium, tantalite, rare earth ground may be easily obtained by; accelerate the registration of titles.
elements etc. i. Acquisition of Prospecting license
• Zimbabwe is host to about 60 minerals ii. Pegging and registration of mining
whose commercial profitability has been claims
proven at one point or another. The major iii. Purchase/lease/tributing of existing
minerals found in Zimbabwe include Gold,
Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), Diamonds,
Chrome, Ferrochrome, Nickel, Copper, Iron,
Lithium, Coal, Coal Bed Methane (CBM) gas
etc. Zimbabwe also has huge potential for
Rare Earth Elements (REE) as well as oil
and gas.
KS Which are the most sought-after

minerals in Zimbabwe?
WC The major minerals are gold, diamond,

PGMs, nickel, diamonds, chrome, coal and
coal bed methane gas and lithium.
KS Why should investors consider

Zimbabwe and why?
Minister Chitando overseeing the signing ceremony of a Lithium deal between
Prospect Resources and Huayou Cobalt in Harare recently

INTERVIEW: MINES AND MINING DEVELOPMENT MINISTER
KS Are there any partnerships election are an endorsement of Local mineral beneficiation and value
government is currently looking for? Zimbabwe’s engagement and addition is quite key to ensure the minerals
re-engagement drive with all nations of the generate more revenues both for the
WC The government of Zimbabwe world. Government and the investor. It also
participates in mining through its creates more employment opportunities
Parastatals including Mining Promotion KS The government set up a 12 Billion for the local Zimbabweans. In order to
Corporation (MPC), Zimbabwe Mining dollar (USD) Mining Industry target by promote and support local beneficiation
Development Company (ZMDC), 2023. What mechanisms have you put in and value addition, the Government came
Zimbabwe Consolidated Diamond place to ensure you reach the target and up with incentives such as:
Company (ZCDC) and Defold Mine (Pvt) Ltd. are you on track?
These Parastatals seek strategic • Reduction on Tax and Royalty Fee to the
partnerships to execute Mining Projects WC The Mining Sector has grown from a Miner
efficiently. benchmark of USD2.7 billion in 2017 when • Rebate of duty on Mining Capital
the 2nd Republic started to USD 5.2 billion Equipment being imported.
KS I need to buy gold from Zimbabwe, in 2021. The Mining Sector remains on
how do I get the license? course towards the achievement of a KS Comments to those who relegate
USD12 Billion Mining Industry by 2023. The Zimbabwe as a bad investment
Gold Buying Licenses are issued by Fidelity USD 12 Billion Mining Industry is anchored destination?
Gold Refiners depending on the financial on a number of mechanisms including:
capacity of the Investor. WC Zimbabwe is open and ready for
• Opening of new mines, resuscitation of business to the mutual benefit of our
KS Since your appointment as Mines and closed mines and expansion of existing Nation, our communities and the investor.
Mining Development Minister what have mines. The Zimbabwe Investment and
been your achievements? • Enhanced Exploration Development Agency (ZIDA) was formed
• Enhanced Investment and Capacity through an Act of Parliament. ZIDA is
• Sustained growth of the Mining Sector Building mandated to promote and facilitate
through the USD 12 Billion Mining Industry • Promotion of Value Addition and investment into Zimbabwe, including
Roadmap. The Mining Sector ha witnessed Beneficiation mining. The coming in of the new
significant growth on the back of • Increased Mineral Exports and Foreign dispensation has increased investor
programmes including increased Currency Generation appetite. In that regard, the mining sector
exploration, resuscitation of closed mines, • Increased Capacity Utilization and has a number of areas in need of
opening of new mines, expansion of Employment Creation investment including areas of exploration,
existing mining projects and mineral • Regular Monitoring and Evaluation of the opening up of new mines, resuscitation of
beneficiation and value addition. Mining Sector Projects old mines as well as expansion of existing
• • Attracting relevant long-term capital, both operations. A number of investment
Zimbabwe was made the Vice Chairman of domestic and Foreign Direct Investment; projects are at various levels of
Kimberly Process Certification Scheme • Continued development of skills and implementation.
(KPCS) in 2022 and will chair KPCS in 2023. expertise
• In addition, Zimbabwe was nominated as
the Vice Chairman for the African Diamond KS An investor would like to set up value
Producers Association (ADPA) in 2022 and addition facilities in Zimbabwe are there
will chair ADPA in 2023. The results of the any incentives for such ventures?
Minister Chitando at the commissioning of the RioZim Biox plant in Kadoma

NEW PROJECTS
RioZim Biox Plant

breathes new life to Zimbabwe mining industry
Diversified resource firm, Rio Zimbabwe, operational after facing serious hurdles, According to Zimbabwe’s Ministry of Mines
has broken new ground by setting up with covid 19 and accessibility to foreign and Mining Development, most of the
Africa’s biggest biological oxidation plant currency. country’s gold ores have an affinity for
at its Cam and Motor Mine in Kadoma, a mercury and cyanide solutions in terms of
move expected to increase the company’s The President hailed RioZim for its the way they are processed. However, a
gold production while paving way for other investment in the growth of the country’s significant portion of the country’s ores is
mining companies to attain value from mining industry through technology-based said to contain certain sulphides such as
their refractory ores. solutions. arsenic antimony and compounds of
copper.
By Prince Sunduzani FACTS ABOUT THE RIOZIM BIOX PLANT.
Experts, propound that a significant part of
The plant, which is a first of its kind, is set to 1. IT'S THE EIGHTH OPERATING BIOX the gold in our country is held in refractory
revolutionize gold mining in the country as PLANT IN THE WORLD. sulphides. "refractory" gold ore is an ore that
it clears the path for the reopening of old 2. THE BIGGEST IN AFRICA. has ultra-fine gold particles disseminated
mines and expansion of existing ones. 3. THE SECOND BIGGEST IN THE WORLD. throughout its gold occluded minerals.
4. THE ONLY ONE IN ZIMBABWE. These ores are naturally resistant to
This monumental plant, which was New Life for Zimbabwean Mining recovery by standard cyanidation and
commissioned last Month by Zimbabwean industry. carbon adsorption processes.
President Emmerson Mnangagwa is finally

NEW PROJECTS
capital intensive so a centralized solution or coming in of the Biox plant that will result
centralized solutions it was important that in increased gold production. Our team on
government partners with an investor who the ground is fully prepared to successfully
would provide such a solution. run the plants after having gone through
various training. We are upgrading our
“The success of these plans opens a crushing and milling capacity from 1500 to
completely new chapter for the reopening 2500 tons per day, this will be fed into the
RioZim Chairman Saleem Beebeejuan of several closed mines which have flotation plant to produce up to 130 tons
refractory deposits. More importantly, it per day of gold concentrate for feeding the
This then means that mines in Zimbabwe now enables us as government and other Biox plant. The Biox plant has resulted in a
have been failing to recover this kind of holders of mining concessions which have massive increase in gold production from
gold and have been thrown a lifeline. never come into operations to be able to an average of 30 kgs per month last year to
plan and make sure that these can now the 90 kgs per month is current and
RioZim Chairman Saleem Beebeejuan says come into operation,” said Minister eventually 140 kgs per month as the year
“ it is destined to transform the mining Chitando. progresses.
landscape in our country through
technology.” Increased gold output at Riozim How does the Biox Plant work?
The company’s CEO Manit Shar said the The new plant will significantly augment According to Riozim General Manager-
company built this plant with Zimbabwe’s Rio Zim's gold production. Group Engineering and Projects Mr
mining industry in mind. Their goal is to Munetsi Machikicho :
enable Zimbabwean mining companies to The company says the Cam and Motor
be able to access the gold which they Mine gold resource was defined with three After the ore has been milled to size, it is
previously couldn’t. different ore zone layers namely, the oxide, then concentrated in a sulfide flotation pro-
transitional and sulfide zone. cess. The concentrates are then fed into a
“We at RioZIm are committed to set of tanks called the Biox reactors for the
unlocking mining value through The top layer oxide has naturally been oxidation process. The bacteria used in the
investment in technology. In that way, we oxidized over thousands of years and is process is resident in these reactors and
undertook the challenge to enable amenable for gold recovery using the feeds on the compounds of sulfur where
Zimbabwe to process refractory gold ore. traditional carbon in the leach process. the gold is occluded. The degradation of
After considering a lot of options, we these sulfides results in the exposure of
finally landed on BIOX short for biological However, the gold in transitional and gold particles rendering it amenable for
oxidation, which is the most sulphide zones at Cam and Motor Mine is cyanidation. The prerequisites for optimal
environmentally friendly way to treat such locked up in refractory sulphides, at the oxidation are pH, that is to say, bacteria
ore today, he said.” risk of oversimplification. The gold particle thrive in acid and oxygen so the reactor
in such ore is surrounded by waste or must be well aerated and
The Minister of Mines Winston Chitando sulfides and no amount of cyanidation can temperature-controlled because the
said Zimbabwe partnered RioZim to recover that gold what is needed is to first reactions are heat generative.
breathe new life into dying mines and pave remove the surrounding waste. Hence the
the way for the reopening of mines that Biox plant. So, the reactors must be cooled all the
were closed down because of this time. Subsequent to oxidation, the feed is
situation. The company's general manager Mr Akim passed on to a set of wash thickeners
Mutiti said the mine personnel have been where the acid, as well as the iron and
Most mines were closed when the Kwekwe trained in operating the plant as the arsenic in the solution, are removed.
Roasting plant, which used to provide a company targets 140 KGS per month by the
similar facility closed down as there was no end of the year. These are called counter-current
other place where they could treat such decantation. The oxidized and washed
ores. He said RioZim will increase its crushing concentrates are then ready for gold
capacity from 1500 tones per day to 2500. recovery. They are therefore passed down
He said his ministry realized that it was the circuit for conditioning and
important to partner with an investor who “We are extremely delighted with the cyanidation.
would be able to provide solutions for the
treatment of these refractory ores, not only
for their own needs but to establish the
technology and be in a position to free up
the opportunity for all treatment ores.
“The idea was and is that would then

enable a lot of mines which were closed at
the time the roasting plant in Kwekwe
closed. The roasting plant in Kwekwe used
to provide a similar facility for a total
treatment of factory ores which as was
mentioned earlier on by the chairman of
and was explained in there are
technologically very difficult and also
Minister Chitando and President Mnangagwa at the commissioning of the plant in Kadoma

CLEAN ENERGY FOCUS
AANR poised to exploit the Nickel Supply Cliff

geochemistry, mapping, Hydrogeological
studies, drilling, dewatering etc. The project
is arguably in the top 10 global nickel
sulphide prospects.
Exploration rollout
Ground-based Electromagnetic Survey -

100x100m TDEM moving transmitter loop;
base frequency 1Hz and Average 26Amp
pulses. EM targeted at nickeliferous,
A battery powered electric vehicle gossanous outcrop, soil, radiometric, and
magnetic anomalies plus off-topographic
As the stampede for the adoption of Li-ion global shift towards clean energy expressions of bulging serpentinite
batteries intensifies, Associated African alternatives. structures mimicking known ore bodies.
Nickel Resources Ltd (“AANR”) has been Conductors require analysis for differentia-
growing its mining portfolio in Zimbabwe “AANR is therefore focused on clean Nickel tion between previously logged graphitic,
and Africa at large to satisfy the world’s Sulphide deposits in Africa to yield conductive black shales versus massive
growing demand for Li-Ion Battery traceable, sustainable EV-Battery Grade sulphides.
technology. Nickel Sulphate and Cobalt Sulphate
(99.5% pure). This has seen the company Exploration Drilling & Resource
Rudairo Mapuranga advancing rapidly in exploring nickel and Development plans
other Li-Ion Battery technology required
The junior mining company has metals to advance the world’s increasing Drill defined anomalies for proof-of-
announced its intention to list on demand for green energy, “he said. mineralisation; and Massive & disseminated
Zimbabwe US$ Denominated stock Sulphide bodies were identified to be
exchange, Victoria Falls Stock Exchange Nickel production for AANR remains signifi- drilled out to JORC compliance.
(VFEX) thereby attracting significant cant because for small devices and Electric
domestic capital trapped in Zimbabwe Vehicles, Li-Ion Batteries are unchallenged. Maddy Project
pension funds. Within Li-Ion technology, developments
continue to reduce Cobalt requirements in The setting of the Maddy project is within
Li-Ion Battery technology is an essential favour of Nickel. the greater Madziwa Igneous Complex
component in the electric vehicle industry. with Brownfield sites and extensive
AANR projects in Zimbabwe potential for blind ore body discovery
Reports have indicated that the Electric based on new geological understanding.
Vehicle rollout promises extraordinary AANR intends to Beneficiate its ore in
Nickel demand growth, possibly 300-500 Zimbabwe to EV Battery-Grade Nickel The Maddy project is one of AANR’s lead
percent by 2040. The biggest suppliers of Sulphate + a matching quantum of EV projects with the potential for early
Nickel ore, Indonesia and the Philippines Battery-Grade Cobalt Sulphate – all traced production and extensive potential for
are producing expensive Nickel Oxide to the source and certified as socially and multiple virgin nickel sulphide bodies. It Is
deposits that yield toxic waste. environmentally responsible. This will likely a Brownfield with >50,000 tonnes of nickel
AANR Chairperson Ben Mbanga indicated attract significant price premiums. The produced historically.
that the company and the Nation are on an following are projects being carried out by
expansion drive and are looking to spread AANR in Zimbabwe. The float-concentration residues of this
their wings across the nickel value chain. history form a 14 million tonne tailings
This will help the company tap into the Chaka Project dump. AANR has surveyed & drilled this
ever-growing Li-ion battery in line with the asset. A JORC compliant Resource of
AANR’s Chaka Project incorporates a 19kms ~25,000 tonnes containing Ni Metal has
strike of the Chakari Belt including the been declared (mostly in Indicated
mothballed Perseverance mine (ex Rio) - category). Large parts of the dump are
which closed for safety reasons during the running at 0.2% and over, with early
civil war. Historically, float-concentrate from extraction tests showing that much of this
the mine’s high-grade sulphide ore was is in sulphide particles. Various techniques
processed at Rio’s Empress smelter facility are being tested to upgrade the dump
and refinery. The resource may be open at material to >0.4% Ni whereafter flotation to
depth and amenable to near-term 5%+ Ni is expected to be achievable. The
re-opening. Prospectivity promised by a float-concentration residues of this history
Thompson model offers a roadmap for form a 14 million tonne tailings dump.
discoveries in repetitions targeted along AANR has surveyed & drilled this asset. A
the 19kms strike. JORC compliant Resource of ~25,000
tonnes containing Ni Metal has been
According to the Chaka project’s significant declared (mostly in Indicated category).
Ben Mbanga investment to date – geophysics,
14 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com Continued on page 15

CLEAN ENERGY FOCUS
Large parts of the dump are running at surveys are ongoing and have yielded Rock Stockpiles, slag dumps and float tail-
0.2% and over, with early extraction tests excellent data prompting more expensive ings make up some 13 million tonnes lying
showing that much of this is in sulphide Stage 2 Geophysics. In stage 2, Legacy data on the surface – likely bearing some
particles. Various techniques are being & magnetic anomalies highlighted by 40,000t CM. Residual underground re-
tested to upgrade the dump material to Stage 1 Geophysics guided a recently serves have been professionally estimated
>0.4% Ni whereafter flotation to 5%+ Ni is completed time-domain electromagnetic @ 80,000t CM underground excluding lat-
expected to be achievable. survey. A large conductive body was pin- eral extensions which would require
pointed. Qualified interpretation leads the exploration & resource definition drilling.
The Company intends to advance this Company to believe it represents a massive
project to profitable production within 18 sulphide, possibly a significant virgin nickel Exploration rollout
months. ore body – i.e. a high-value drill target.
Geophysics Surveys around old mine site to
During the first quarter of 2022, Maiden Empress Project detect orebody extensions at depth and
JORC Resource Declared 24,923 tonnes of nearby; and Targeted magnetic geophysics
contained nickel metal = ~USD$1 billion The mineralogy and geological setting of + geochemistry on surrounding areas, sub-
gross in situ metal inventory. A feasibility Empress Nickel mine are unusual in that it ject to tenure consolidation, to identify tar-
study has commenced intending to test hosts relatively high Gold, Silver, Palladium, gets for EM; and Dewatering followed by
the Platinum, Rhodium & Rhenium credits in limited re-equipping then LIDAR
economic viability of tailings retreatment – addition to the expected Nickel, Copper, underground survey to map voids/
targeting a Reserve and Balance Sheet re- Cobalt. Host minerals, in order of % pillars/stopes etc, define residual
valuation on discounted NPV. occurrence, are pyrrhotite, pentlandite, extractable resource; and Subject to
chalcopyrite, pyrite, violarite and chalcocite. outcomes of above, consider merits of
A comprehensive 2015 White Paper underground EM and drilling for
authored by Prendergast & Wilson – The ratio of Nickel to Copper is also extensions.
arguably two of the leading geologists in unusual in that it is almost 50/50 @ 14:13. It
their field – has essentially revolutionised has become common practice, therefore, Exploration Drilling & Resource
the Company’s view of the Madziwa to refer to combined base metals (“CM”) – Development plans:
Igneous Complex and offered (indirectly) a i.e. Ni+Cu, when referring to estimated con-
clear roadmap to new deposit discovery. tained metals (i.e. excl Co, Au, PGM’s) Underground: channel sampling +
This, therefore, means that Past Geological limited drilling of halo; Surface drilling of
Survey Bulletins can be largely disregarded. Owned and mined by Rio Tinto until 1983, strong anomalies in lateral extensions; and
Empress was both open pit & underground, All above-mineralised zones drilled out to
AANR has conducted extensive geophysi- with total reported production of nett JORC compliance.
cal surveys over an area of roughly 10kms x 100,000 tonnes of CM (USD$1.4 billion @
7 kms (Magnetic survey) to assist in the today’s pricing). Cobalt and Precious metals
identification of further anomalous zones went largely unreported.
with nickel mineralization potential. These
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INTERVIEW: ELTON GWATIDZO
Elton
Gwatidzo
MINE MANAGER - HOW MINE

Earlier this year Mining Zimbabwe visited
one of Zimbabwe’s oldest operating
mines, How Mine, for a technical visit
with the Association of Mine Managers of
Zimbabwe (AMMZ).
Keith Sungiso
The visit saw Mine Managers touring the

underground mine sharing technical
information and taking notes on how the
recently awarded “most improved gold
mine” conducted business. I had a sit down
with the man running the show Engineer
Elton Gwatidzo. It was easy to see why the
Engineer was voted President of the AMMZ
as the man knew his business.
Here is how the interview went. Gwatidzo with AMMZ members underground at the How Mine technical visit
KS Tell us a bit about yourself? workings. A negative pressure system is EG How Mine has trained Women-In-
employed. Mining to obtain Blasting Licenses and
EG Elton Gwatidzo is a Mining Engineer basic mining training
who studied at the UZ. He has worked for KS We have seen the new (Level) you are
BIMCO at ZISCO, PanAff-Ayrshire Mine and currently working on (opening). Tell us KS What policy improvements would you
How Mine. He is married with 3 boys. Holds about it? like to see?
various mining and management
qualifications. EG The new mining level being opened is EG The main issue is policy inconsistency
32L. Shaft sinking is progressing to 36L so as
KS How old is Elton Gwatidzo? to establish a loading level at 35L which will KS To ensure the sustainability of the
EG Elton is 41 years old. enable access to ore from 32L. Each mining mine, what exploration and capital
back is 76m ie from 30L to 32L. development projects are you running?
KS What made you choose Mining as a
profession? KS Seeing there is lots of Mining in EG The mine is undertaking an aggressive
Southern Africa are there any plans for the exploration plan for both surface and
EG My father is Ex-Wenera so I had an AMMZ to work with SADC Mine Managers underground resources at a cost of $8.2m.
interest in mining interest from a very for example and conduct technical visits The mine is also expanding operations at a
young age. for information sharing? cost of $3m and deepening the 16N7 shaft
to extend life at a cost of $3.6m.
KS What's your typical working day like? EG Post Covid-19, that should be the plan. KS In the last five years to current, do you
have any upgrades or increases in your
EG Early morning daily reports, meetings, KS You have a strong Mining background mineral reserves?
news press catch-up and various KPIs and as a person who grew up in Mining, is
tracking. there anything you are doing to help EG Last five years of exploration have only
Artisanal and Small-scale Miners around been to maintain the known resources.
KS You are running one of the oldest you to conduct proper mining?
mines in the country, tell us about the
history of How Mine?
EG Pegged in 1941 by J. Howe (hence How

Mine). The mine Started with open pits and
stamp mills for processing. It changed
various ownership hands including 1971
when Lohnro took over then Metallon took
over in 2002 until today.
KS How many metres below ground level

is your deepest shaft and how do you get
air circulation down there?
EG The deepest shaft is currently at 33L,

1200m and still sinking further down.
Ventilation is supplied through the North
shaft and Main Shaft which are intake
while exhausting using districts in the old

KS What is your production target this gold producer of the year. What did you
year and what measures are in place to do right to achieve improved production?
achieve these targets?
EG Investing in the business. Investing in
EG The mine is planning to produce 30koz new and modern equipment,
of gold and over $5.7m was spent in 2021 to underground exploration, and
ensure sustained production in terms of underground development. The results
capital expenditure. were mostly a function of the shaft
deepening project commissioned in 2020
KS We have seen a mini-town suburb at at a cost of $5.3m.
How Mine, currently how many workers
reside in the workers' residential area? KS What challenges would you say you
are facing as Zimbabwean miners?
EG Currently 1016 workers reside at the
mine EG Access to capital, quality of supplies and
fair value of revenue.
KS Any words to those who are interested

in venturing into Zimbabwe Mining?
EG Zimbabwe is still highly untapped. The

vast mineral abundance is still being
accessed in shallow operations. There is still
huge potential We have witnessed new
ventures in Coal, Lithium, Gold, Diamond,
KS Zimbabwe set a 12-billion-dollar Iron Ore and Platinum. More are still
mining economy by 2023! Is this achiev- opening.
able?
KS Besides Mines and Mining, what's
EG Very possible although the timing is Elton into?
taking a toll. Covid-19 and International
instabilities are always affecting the plans. EG Elton is into Golf, farming and some
KS You recently won the most improved family ventures

2021 projects
Eureka Gold Mine, Dallaglio Investments Shamva Gold Mine Reopening, Shamva
(Pvt) Ltd Re-opening, Guruve, • Shamva Gold Mine Project reopened in April 2020 since closure
in January 2019 and currently the mine employs 800 employees.
• Exploration was completed in 2021 with the project set to
produce 250 kg of gold per month in addition to the current
production of 900 kg per annum (75 kg of gold per month).
• Plant and Mine Construction to commence in February 2022.
• Shamva Gold Mine to build 800 houses, 2 schools and a clinic
and contribute to the growth of Shamva town.
• Shamva Gold Mine benefits
i. Ore production expected to meet the design capacity of the
mine of 30 000 tonnes of gold ore per month.
• Eureka Gold Mine has resumed operations after the injection of ii. Employment creation of 1000 people directly and indirectly.
capital from new investors.
• The reopening programme started in 2018 through a ground RioZim Cam and Motor Mine (Expansion
breaking ceremony by His Excellency, the President, Cde Dr. E.D Project) Kadoma,
Mnangagwa. On October 21 2021, His Excellency, Cde Dr.E.D.
Mnangagwa officially commissioned Eureka Gold Mine. • The USD17 Million Biox Plant project is nearing completion. The
• The project has created employment for 500 employees, with project will be commissioned in Q1 2022.
over 300 employees from the local community. • The gold production will reach 140 kilograms per month, during
• Resuscitation of Eureka Gold Mine is a success story to the the first phase of the project, and will peak at 200 kilograms per
President ‘s call for investors to invest in the geologically rich month, after Phase 2 is implemented.
nation. • The project has created employment for 100 locals
Caledonia Mining Corporation/ Blanket Mine ZCDC (Expansion Projects), Chiadzwa and
(Shaft Expansion), Gwanda Midlands
• Caledonia Mining Corporation completed the construction of the

USD 67 Million Central Shaft at Blanket Mine in Gwanda.
• The Central Shaft is expected to boost production to 80 000 oz
of gold per year.
• ZCDC commissioned a 450tons per hour metallurgical process
Rio Zim Murowa Diamonds Midlands plant. The mining company is expanding operations from alluvial
operations to conglomerate ore processing. ZCDC is the first
(Expansion Projects), Zvishavane, Midlands mining company globally to process conglomerate ore and is
• As at Q3 2021, the expansion was at 78% completion. using state of the art technology such as X-Ray Transmography
Commissioning expected in Q2 2022. technology.
• Feasibility Studies for underground mining are in progress. • ZCDC ramped up production which saw them surpass their 2021
• The expansion will see Murowa processing 500 000 tonnes per target of 2 million carats.
month from 190 000 tonnes per month. • To date ZCDC has produced 2.3 million carats.
Anjin Investments (Pvt) Ltd Diamond ZCDC/ALROSA J.V (New Mine), Malipati, Matabeleland South
Reopening, Chiadzwa, Manicaland • Following the signing of a joint venture agreement between the
• His Excellency, Cde E.D Mnangagwa officially reopened Anjin Zimbabwe Consolidated Diamond Mining Company (ZCDC) and
Diamond Mine in August 2020. Russia’s ALROSA in 2019 to develop diamond fields in the country,
• Anjin Diamond Reopening Benefits exploration work is now in full swing.
i. Increase in diamond production to achieve 10 million carats by • Work has been done in setting up the exploration camp and
2023, peaking at 12 million carats 2025. assembling a diamond washing plant with a capacity of 1 tonne
ii. Employment creation per hour of ore.
2021 projects
Gemmology Centre, Mutare, Manicaland Unki Mine (Pvt) Ltd (Expansion Project)
•Government’s thrust to promote value addition and beneficiation Shurugwi, Midlands
is bearing fruit with a Gemmology Centre being constructed at
Fern Valley in Mutare.
•In the quest to achieve targets set under Vision 2030,
government is spearheading construction of a Gemmology Centre
in Mutare, to promote value addition and beneficiation of the
country’s precious stones.
•Phase one of Gemmology Centre will be completed by mid-
February 2022 and it is 51 percent to completion. The phase 1
comprises of the perimeter fence, security fence, brick wall, gate
house. 2 boreholes were drilled in the first phase and installed 2
water tanks.
•Mobilizing of funds for the construction of the cutting and
polishing plant is now underway.
Great Dyke Investments (Pvt) Ltd (New

Mine), Darwendale
• The concentrator expansion is now complete and steady ramp
• To date, the first Boxcut of the two is complete and Excavation
up is in progress.
Work is complete.
• The expansion will result in increased concentrator capacity
• The project employs a total of 360 employees with 70 being GDI
from 179 000 tonnes per month to 210 000 tonnes per month.
employees while 290 are contactors.
• Once fully operational the two mines will produce a total of 3.45
million tonnes of PGM ore per year. Bravura (Pvt) Ltd (New Mine), Darwendale
Karo Platinum (Pvt) Ltd (New Mine),

Darwendale,
President Mnangagwa Operates a Drill Rig at KARO Mine
• Karo has successfully completed an exploration/ resource • Bravura carried out exploration and feasibility studies in 2021
delineation exercise and the project is at implementation stage. and plans to go into mine construction in 2022 and production in
• Resettlement of affected individuals is scheduled for Quarter 1 2023.
2022. • Bravura has created employment for a total of 40 employees.
• The project is expected to mine approximately 14.4 Mtpa of run
of mine ore. ZIMPLATS (Expansion Project), Mhondoro
• The project has created employment for 100 employees.
Ngezi
Mimosa Mine (Expansion Project),
Zvishavane, Midlands
• Mimosa mine has a short life of mine and is investing in the
opening of a new portal at North Hill to increase life of mine. This
will contribute to the attainment of the critical mass for local
• ZIMPLATS signed a memorandum of understanding with
beneficiation.
Government of Zimbabwe in 2021 that will see the company
• Mimosa Mine is carrying out various projects to increase
invest USD1.8 Billion to expand its operation by the year 2025.
process efficiency. A concentrate handling facility to use a bulk
• A key project is The PGM Base Metal Refinery (BMR) plant that
loading bunker has been commissioned. The company is also
will cost an estimated USD 200 million.
working on process optimization project to improve recovery from
• Currently ZIMPLATS is undertaking a bankable feasibility study
the metallurgical plant.
that is expected to be complete by 2022.
• This will all target increasing revenue and helping the nation
• The construction of the Base Metal Refinery, installation and
attain a USD12 Billion mining economy.
commissioning of the plant is expected to be complete by 2026.
Please turn over
2021 projects
Todal Mining (New Mine) Afrochine Smelting (Pvt) Ltd Selous
• Operationalization of 2 × 12.5 MVA additional Furnaces in

• Todal is currently undertaking resource estimation, aeromag- addition to 3 Chrome Smelters already operating to produce 600
netic survey and drilling. 000 tons per annum of ferrochrome was done in June 2019. The
• Metallurgical testworks on communition, variability and flotation furnaces are ready for commissioning by H.E
are expected to be finished by 2022 and a pilot plant to be built by
2023. Jin An Corporation Chrome Smelters, Gweru,
Midlands
Dinson Iron and Steel Company (Pvt) Ltd
The Low Carbon Ferrochrome Furnace is operational with a
(Tshingshan), Carbon Steel Plant capacity of 1200 tonnes/ month of Low Carbon Ferrochrome.
(New Project) • JinAn also produces High Carbon Ferrochrome and ferrosilicon
chrome.
• The electrode paste plant is operational with an annual capacity
of 5000 tonnes per annum.
Prospect Lithium New Mine, Arcadia

• Prospect Resources and its subsidiary Prospect Lithium
Zimbabwe remains focused to bring the Arcadia Lithium project
into production.
• Prospect finished the construction of a Pilot Plant which will
initially produce bulk samples of 500t of Petalite and 120t of
Spodumene concentrates for customer qualification.
• Prospect Resources signed agreements for the sale of 87
percent stake in the Arcadia Lithium Mine to China’s Zhejiang
Huayou Cobalt Limited.
• The steel plant will produce 1.2 million tons of carbon steel per
annum and will generate around USD1.9 billion per annum. Grand Sanyuan Copper Resources Zimbabwe
• The investment will create at least 6000 jobs, thousands of (Alaska Mine Re-opening) Makonde
downstream activities and a new town of about 30 000 residents.
• The Carbon Steel Plant is now due for commissioning by Quarter
1 2022.
Southern Granite, Chitungwiza &

Mashonaland Central
• Phase 1 comprising of installation of the furnace is expected to

be completed by end Quarter 1 2022.
• The company has directly employed over 50 locals and the
construction and civil works are being done by local contactors
• Southern Granites has 3 Multiwire saws which have 52, 56 and which takes the total (direct and indirect) employees to over 100
72 wires and 2 polishing lines. They export approximately 12000
m2 per month. Southern Granites adds value to approximately
95% of blocks produced.
• They produce 400-500 cubic metres per month and exports 8
000 square metres to key markets including Europe, Asia and
South Africa.
2021 projects
Yang Sheng Mining, Murehwa Dingmao Mining, Mutoko, Mash East
• Yang Sheng Mining (Pvt) Ltd is a granite mining company that • The company currently has two granite polishing plants and they
commenced operations in 2018 in Zimbabwe. are planning to erect five more granite polishing plants by October
• Yang Sheng Mining Private Limited is in the process of the 2022.
construction of a granite cutting and polishing facility that is • The company’s expansion plan would increase the number of
expected to be completed by February 2022. locals employed from 200 to 500 workers by end of year 2022.
• Yang Sheng Mining Private Limited first phase will produce 1950
tonnes of polished slabs per month and 2400 tonnes of granite Lokalise Investments Limited (Western
will be cut every month.
• A total investment of USD10 Million will be required for the first
Areas) Western Areas, Matebeleland North
phase and 100 local employees will be recruited.
• The company’s expansion plan will involve 5 phases which will
create more than 300 local job opportunities.
South Mining (Pvt) Ltd, Hwange
• The expansion project was officially opened by H.E Cde E.D
Mnangagwa on the 16th July 2020.
• 2 Coke Oven Battery with a capacity of 12000 tonnes per month
each.
• The main local suppliers for raw material are Hwange Colliery,
Makomo and Zambezi Gas
• Construction of Phase 2 with an additional 140 000 t capacity
has commenced and is expected to be completed by February
2022.
• The combined capacity at the plant will be 280000 tonnes of • Current coal production is 75000 tonnes/month
coke, 2800 tonnes of tar, 2400 tonnes of benzoyl and 40 million • Lokalize is supplying 50% coal to ZPC and other customers
m3 of gas as by-products. include Triangle, Hippo Valley, farmers and small thermals.
Metallurgical coal supplied to Dinson Colliery (Pvt) Ltd
Project Benefits • Coal testing lab and office building to be completed in October
2021
i. Local employment • Rehabilitation of mined out area already taking place as mining
ii. Exports is being undertaken
iii. Coke by product at ZIMCHEM
iv. Gas supply to ZPC Makomo Resources (Pvt) Ltd, Hwange
• Current Monthly production of 20000 tonnes of coking coal,
Tutu/Jin An Corporation, Hwange 8000 tonnes of thermal coal and 8000 tonnes of industrial coal.
• Construction of semi coke plant still underway. and mobilization • There is scope to ramp up production by 100% to meet the
of material resources is on-going. Expansion of ZPC Units 7 and 8 requirements.
• Coal Sales is 73% Production ZPC, 15% for Commercial Market
Zhong Jian Investments (Pvt) Ltd, Hwange and 3% for Exports.
• Current production is 150 000 t/month of thermal coal for ZPC
• 474 locals employed for mining operations Project Benefits
• Commenced construction of a coke battery of 300 000 tonnes i. Employment Creation
/year capacity ii. Power Generation
• The investment for the coke battery has been budgeted at iii. Fiscal contribution - over US$300m
USD120 Million
Zimbabwe Zhong Xin Electrical Energy (ZZEE)
Zimbabwe Zhong Xin Coking Company (Pvt) Ltd Hwange
(ZZCC) (Pvt) Ltd, Hwange
• The current coke production is 10 000 t/month and the main
product is foundry coke.
• The current stockpile is 18000t of foundry coke which has a
market price of USD290/tonne.
• The main market for foundry coke is AcelorMittal in South Africa,
Zambia and Congo for processing copper, manganese and cast
iron.
• 173 locals employed by the project to date.
GeoAssociates (Pvt) Ltd, Muzarabani Oil and
• ZZEE finished the construction of the power plant in 2021 and
Gas Exploration Project, Muzarabani connected to the 80 kV power line.
• The Seismic survey was successfully carried out in 2021. • 100 locals employed by the project to date.
• Muzarabani, has secured the necessary casing, wellheads and Project Benefits
long lead items for its 2-well oil and gas drilling programme • Employment Creation and Power Generation
scheduled for May 2022
MINING AFFAIRS

MINING AFFAIRS
CALEDONIA
focuses on underground development
to increase production
Victoria Falls Stock Exchange-listed turning point for the business, which
gold-focused miner Caledonia Mining commissioned the US$67 million, Central
Corporation’s strategic focus is to Shaft, during the period.
complete the remaining underground
development associated with the The project was funded through internal
Central Shaft project, which is expected resources.
to increase production, the company
CEO Steve Curtis has said. “Production in the year was 67 476 ounces,
which was above the top end of the
Rudairo Mapuranga guidance range and was a new record for
annual production,” he said.
According to Caledonia's Chief Executive
Officer (CEO), the completion of the under- Curtis said the robust operating
ground development will also reduce performance was supported by good cost
operating costs and increase the flexibility control.
to undertake further exploration and
development in depth, thereby Gross profit for the year was US$54,1 million,
safeguarding and enhancing Blanket 16 per cent higher than 2020.
Mine's long-term future.
Cash generated from operations before
“We also believe there is excellent explora- working capital increased by 17% from
tion potential in the older shallower areas US$42,4 million to US$49,6 million.
of the mine and brownfield sites
immediately adjacent to the existing “Now that the central shaft is
Blanket footprint,” Curtis said. commissioned, we expect further
production increases.
Caledonia’s Blanket mine reported its
biggest gold output during the year ended “Guidance for 2022 is a range of 73 000 to
December 31, 2021, with gross revenue 80 000 ounces while from 2023 onwards it
rising by 21 per cent to US$121 million. is 80 000 ounces — 38% higher than in
2020,” Curtis said.
Chief executive officer Steve Curtis said
operationally, the review period marked a

MINING AFFAIRS
During Q4, Caledonia completed the further investment opportunities in the a huge project costing approximately $67
acquisition of the mining claims at Zimbabwe gold sector to transform the million, all funded through internal cash
Maligreen in the Zimbabwe midlands Company into a mid-tier, multi-asset flow and I am delighted that it was
which are estimated to host a NI 43-101 Zimbabwe-focussed gold producer." Curtis commissioned in the first quarter of 2021.
compliant inferred mineral resource of ap- said.
proximately 940,000 ounces of gold in 15.6 "Production in the Year was 67,476 ounces,
million tonnes at a grade of 1.88g/t. According to the Caledonia Chief progress which was above the top end of the
on the 12MWac solar plant has resumed guidance range and was a new record for
"During the year we acquired the mining following delays arising from the combined annual production. The robust operating
claims at Maligreen in the Zimbabwe effects of COVID-19 and difficulties with the performance was supported by good cost
midlands which are estimated to host a NI supply chain. The plant is expected to control and gross profit for the year was
43-101 compliant inferred mineral resource provide approximately 27 per cent of $54.1 million - 16 per cent higher than 2020.
of approximately 940,000 ounces of gold in Blanket's total daily electricity demand, Cash generated from operations before
15.6 million tonnes at a grade of 1.88g/t. Our improve Blanket's security of electricity working capital increased by 17 per cent
immediate focus on this asset is to improve supply and reduce its environmental from $42.4 million to $49.6 million.
the confidence level of the existing footprint. It is anticipated that the project
resource base and we are currently re- will be commissioned in June 2022. "Now that the Central Shaft is
assaying historic drill cores. Thereafter we commissioned, we expect further
expect to prepare a feasibility study to "To improve the quality and security of production increases: guidance for 2022 is
commercialise the existing resource before Blanket's electricity supply, minimise our a range of 73,000 to 80,000 ounces while
we engage in further exploration of the environmental footprint and help create a from 2023 onwards it is 80,000 ounces [3]
claims area along strike, at depth and a more sustainable future for our business, - 38 per cent higher than in 2020.
previously unexplored zone in the claims Caledonia is constructing the first phase of
area. a 12 MWac solar plant that will provide "We continued to increase the dividend in
approximately 27 per cent of the average 2021. The total dividends paid in 2021 were
"Our approach to new projects is highly daily electricity demand at Blanket Mine. 50 cents per share - almost 50 per cent
disciplined: after further evaluation, the This project, which is expected to yield a higher than in 2020.
Company has decided not to exercise the modest return to shareholders, is expected
options to acquire the Connemara North to be completed in mid-2022.” He said.
property as it does not meet our
investment criteria. During the Year, we also Curtis went on to say, "Operationally, the
divested non-core assets in the vicinity of last 12 months have marked a turning point
Blanket. Caledonia continues to evaluate for the business. The Central Shaft has been
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MINING AFFAIRS
Eureka Gold mine in Guruve, Zimbabwe
Widening the While the conversation on investment in

the mining sector continues to revolve
around the opening and reopening of
geophysical and geotechnical
technologies. Developments in these
methods were progressive in the period
Investment mines, less attention has been given to

the need for investments towards the
improvement in mining technologies to
between the 1950s and 1990s, but there
has not been much improvement since.
Zimbabwe is yet to discover and quantify
Spectrum In reduce mining costs and increase

resource revenues.
vast sums of its mineral resources. This is, in
part, the consequence of mineral
exploration being somewhat expensive,
the mining This is despite technological

advancements being substantial in the
with no newer and affordable methods
having been developed in recent times. As
determination of mining profitability, such, the following are areas which may
sector which in turn, determines the rate of

investment into and around the mining
receive attention towards development of
new technologies in mineral exploration:
sector. Zimbabwe has a wealth of mineral
resources, it is, therefore, reasonable to i. Geological Methods
assume that the country would be a leader
in the development of mining technologies These speak to the underlying physical and
for the efficient exploitation of its minerals. chemical processes associated with the
More reason is given to this assertion by formation of metallic and non-metallic ore
recognition of the robustness of deposits. The Geological Survey
Zimbabwe’s educational institutions and Department in Zimbabwe remains devoid
the substantiality of its educational policy of geological data on the processes of ore
(Education 5.0) which implores research, formation in the country, and so struggles
development and deployment of novel to update the pre-independence
technologies. Amid discourse over the geological bulletins containing maps of the
By: Daniel Nhepera - increase of investment in the mining mineralised zones across the country’s
Associate Writer on Mineral Economics sector, it is pertinent, therefore, to landscape. Where such information is
BCom Econ and IT (Rhodes), MSc Dev Econ instigate conversation on how investment available, it is historic and found in print or
(Sussex) +263 777 780 468 may also be directed towards the on tapes (eg. Mobil exploration data on the
improvement of methods in Exploration, Muzarabani Oil and Gas prospect), which
Mining and Processing in the mineral are expensive to convert to digital format.
sector. Research needs to be devoted to
understanding ore formation processes in
Exploration Zimbabwe. As a matter of necessity, this
would feed into the updating of the
Exploration for large mineral deposits by country’s archaic geological bulletins,
technical means began in earnest around which are priceless for time and cost-
the 1950s, with the introduction of efficient desktop mineral exploration.

MINING AFFAIRS
Gathering of extensive geological data to relay the machine's conditions in real-time,
this end requires a joint private sector and Types of mining are determined by a avoiding lost time on account of
Government effort for the pooling of combination of the type of deposit, the breakdowns and increasing the operational
resources. rock strength, the depth of resource, life of equipment.
thickness of the resource, inclination, and
ii. Geochemical and Geophysical the roof and floor strata. These all have a ii. Cutting and Fragmenting
Methods bearing on the mining cost, vis-à-vis the
value and quantity of resource available for Technologies for the cutting and
Geochemical surveys involve the analysis of mining. Narrow veins, steeply inclined fragmenting of rocks have been
rocks, water, soil and vegetables for trace deposits and mining at depth present progressing well for soft rock mining over
amounts of elements that indicate the significant challenges, which may explain the years. This is emphasised by the
presence of mineral ore. Development of the abandonment of some mining projects development of the Continuous Miner,
technologies for laser fluorescence and across the country regardless of the which has revolutionised coal mining. Hard
x-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning have continued availability of minerals within rock cutting and fragmenting technologies
made it possible to dictate smaller and them. In Zimbabwe, as more easily have not received much attention, however,
smaller concentrations of these elements mineable deposits continue to deplete, with the conventional drilling and blasting
of interest, in real-time. Research and mining technologies, systems and remaining the method of reduction, from
development of such technologies should methods are required to continue evolving the olden days of dynamite to the
be incremental in Zimbabwe, where there to keep the business lucrative. The areas in modern-day Ammonium Nitrate
is still much mineral exploration to be mining requiring investment for explosives. Tunnel-boring machines were
done. Geophysical exploration employs improvement are as follows: introduced with some success, but their
methods such as magnetic survey and adoption has been restricted by their high
remote sensing to identify anomalies i. Mining energy requirement and their poor
beneath the earth’s surface. New manoeuvrability. In advancing cutting and
developments, such as the use of drones, Finding the confluence of mining speed fragmenting for hard rock mining, there is
have made it possible to explore more and human safety and health is of most need to look into the fracture mechanisms
hectarage in less time. The reduction of importance in the development of mining of hard rocks. The possible preconditioning
time has to be dovetailed with a reduction technologies going forward. To achieve this, of rocks to make them weaker for
in cost, which necessitates further research. there is need to establish technologies to mechanical cutting is also essential.
Meanwhile, remote sensing facilities at the ascertain the rock conditions beyond the Blasting designs also stand to be improved,
Science and Industrial Research and mining wall, particularly the relaying of with the possibility of receiving the
Development Centre, have seldom been data on shifts in the rock structure post assistance of computer simulators.
deployed for mineral exploration. Funds blasting, so as to facilitate rapid Improving the cutting and fragmenting of
should be invested towards enhancing extraction of material while rocks would work to cut the costs for
remote sensing facility to a Hyperspectral ensuring safety. In the same vein, “less attention has downstream communition.
been given to the need
one for sharper imaging appropriate for there are significant economic for investments towards
mineral exploration, and the facility should benefits associated with good the improvement in iii. Materials Handling
mining technologies to
be opened to public access via website in anticipation in mining. As such, reduce mining costs and
the same manner that NASA did with the technologies that can sense increase resource Transporting materials from the
revenues”
Landsat Satellite Program. and visualise the thinning or mining to the processing point is
thickening of the deposit, the loss of considered one of the weakest
iii. Drilling Methods deposit, faults and water reservoirs would components in the mining flowchart. To
be priceless for miners. Mindful of the rock reduce costs, it is necessary to invest in the
Although the drilling of slim holes (for rock stress associated with mining at depth, use of machinery that can qualify the grade
chips and core extraction) and wells (in the there is also need for engineering to of materials envisaged for mining, in real
case of Oil and Gas exploration) is the surest continue to develop designs that ensure time, while still on the rock face, so as
way of ascertaining the presence, quantity short and long term stability of the mine maximise on the waste to ore ratio.
and quality of mineral resources, it is easily structures. Lastly, there is a need for the
the largest cost associated with mineral employment of sensors on machinery that
exploration. Avenues of research in this area
would be towards miniaturising of drill rigs
for manoeuvrability, development of
technologies to increase drill rates,
technologies to reduce the amount of
energy required by rigs, sharper
pinpointing of potential mineral locations
for the purpose of decreasing the number
of drill holes, and adopting technologies
from petroleum exploration such as
gamma-surveys, which are miniature and
can be sunk into the drill hole to analyse
rocks in-situ rather than extracting samples
and sending them for analysis.
Mining
Alfred Chinyere speaking to Mine Managers underground at Shamva Mine, Zimbabwe

MINING AFFAIRS
Downstream processing, like physical therefore due on measures to reduce
separation and leaching, is also possible This process involves the blasting and entrained water in disposable solids.
while the ore is in transit, particularly on crushing of rock. This is a particularly Furthermore, said wet processes are
conveyor belts. Loading and hauling often energy-consuming process, determinant in designed for dilute pulp with finer solids.
involves the use of diesel thirsty equipment. the economic viability of mining projects. Given the effectiveness of floatation and
There is room for the development of With energy consumption being a major gravity separation, and the economy with
new-generation battery technology for capital and operating cost in mineral which they recover sulphides from metals,
such equipment. Similarly, there is also the beneficiation, communition (size there is need to develop improved
option of looking into the development of reduction) accounts for approximately two- magnetic and electrostatic separators for
automation and control systems so as to thirds of the energy processing costs. the processing of dense pulps, which
allow for the remote operation of Technologies such as High-Pressure would therefore increase in the number of
machinery such as excavators and Grinding Rolls have been introduced to applications for these economic
dumpers. reduce energy requirements. This has been technologies.
with some success, as the grinding rolls
Processing have been found to also cause This is but an effort to agitate conversation
microfractures which increase mineral around the need to tap into the human
Mineral processing involves the unit liberalisation and leaching efficiency. The resource in Zimbabwe and implore the
components which size, separate and high set-up costs have impeded their development of novel intellectual property
process minerals for eventual use. It is in adoption, however. Taking from this lead, around mining technologies. Government
this part of the mining flowchart where energy efficiency in size reduction is where needs to take the lead and direct specific
much stands to be gained from an enormous potential lies, and it is where research objectives for research houses like
investment of resources and effort. Every energy and investment must be devoted. the Institute of Mining Research, as well as
unit process could be improved by all the universities across the country. This
technical input, ranging from a better ii. Separation can usher in progressive partnerships with
understanding of fundamental principles private stakeholders in the mining industry,
through research, to the development of This is the separation of various minerals who stand to benefit from such research, to
new devices and the integration of entire from one another, as well as the separation the greater benefit of the nation. It would
systems. The components of most of solids (minerals) from liquid (water). Most be deplorable, given the human and
significance in mineral processing are as separation processes are conducted wet, mineral resources in Zimbabwe, for the
follows: such as floatation and gravity separation, country to continue to be a technology
however, the cost of water has been noted taker and not a leader.
i. Communition as a concern in some instances. Research is

INTEVIEW: PANASHE MUGUZA
Bright prospects for

Panashe Muguza
Continued on the next page>>
MINING AFFAIRS
“Some people want it to happen, some for a bachelor's in Mining Engineering. I detail how it works?
wish it would happen, others make it had no doubts about my choice and have PM Heap leaching involves the use of water,
happen.” never regretted it ever since. chemical agents, gravitational flow and
irrigation techniques to leach gold from the
By Keith Sungiso KS What is the importance of a mine ore into solution.
planner?
The latter distinctly describes twenty-six KS What advantages does leaching have
year old junior Mine planner based at PM Mine Planners are a key part of the life over other methods and why did you
Union Jack Mine in Makonde, Zimbabwe, cycle of all mining projects. The key choose it?
performance areas considered are Mine
Unlike most in his age the young man Scheduling, Mine Economics and PM Leaching is a very safe, environmentally
hosted us from arrival to departure fully Evaluation, Feasibility studies, production friendly and cost-cutting extraction
engrossed without any disruptive planning, risk analysis and a whole host of method. Compared to other methods,
technology distrubances explaining in other aspects. Calculating the life of mine heap leaching is the safest metallurgical
detail how the mine operated and they (LOM), pay pack periods and key solution because it does not involve any
have boosted production. Here is how our performance indicators are all part of the large moving parts and electrical
interview went. many responsibilities of the mine planner. apparatus. It also has no significant noise
It is a very broad-based practice which pollution and dust generation. The water
KS May you introduce yourself and your requires a strategic approach and tact. To reticulation system ensures that no water is
educational background? navigate the volatile commodity markets let out into the open environment which
and unsteady economic environment, could contaminate groundwater resources.
PM My name is Panashe Muguza, a Mine every mine requires a mine planner
Planning Engineer/Mine Planner and a because failing to plan is planning to fail. KS Is the leaching method feasible for
lover of earth science and technology. I was The mine planner fuels up the car but the ASMiners?
educated at Lomagundi College and miner drives us to the promised land.
moved on to complete two Degrees in PM Heap leaching is definitely a method
Mining Engineering at the University of KS Please describe your current role at that Artisanal miners can use to extract
Johannesburg. Union Jack Mine? gold. It is not as viable as other precious or
base metals.
KS Why did you choose mining as a PM At Union Jack Mine I work as the Jnr
career? Mine Planning Engineer and Operations KS Tell us about the gold collection
Manager. I prepare financial forecasts, methods you are currently using?
I would admit that mining was an industry production plans, geological surveys,
I had no idea I would end up in while geotechnical risk analysis and engineering PM We are currently using an elution plant
growing up. I always thought I wanted to management. I report directly to the board to win the gold. It is a process called
be a physiotherapist until I went for a mine of directors/mine owners. electrowinning where the carbon chips
visit and was exposed to a whole new from the carbon in solution tanks (CIS) are
world. As a science nerd and curious young KS How many people are employed at loaded into a column which feeds a boiler
mind, I had a deep interest in Geography, union Jack? and then eventually directs the contents to
Physics and Biology. However, when I went an electrolysis cell where the gold is
to see what happens on a mine during my PM Union Jack Mine employs 29 people. 19 collected and then taken to an acid wash
post-high school gap year, I had no doubt Contract workers and 10 permanent and smelt.
that mining was what I wanted to study. I employees.
got a job as a sales rep which didn't last
long and then sold some vegetables from KS You are using heap leaching as your
a truck until I applied for admission to UJ extraction method. May you explain in
Continued on the next page>>

MINING AFFAIRS
KS How much gold are you producing mine underground? falls of ground. Many lives are lost every
monthly? week because there are no competent
PM Yes. The plan is to sink a vertical shaft persons who can assess the state of
PM We are producing between a range of on the reef to achieve a pay as you go underground/surface workings and
10 to 18kg every month. development. compile a risk assessment. It must be
legislated that every ASM and Junior
KS We have seen impressive crushing KS Are you planning on using more mining firm must have a consulting
machinery here at the mine! Tell us about contractors in future? rock/geotechnical engineer who can
the crushing process? design and approve mine support systems.
PM We do plan on working with more The law must also pave the way for a
PM The crushing plant downsizes the contractors however we aim to develop in mining charter which can be updated
mineral ores to increase the surface area of house skills and become a large scale twice every decade by the chamber of
the rock. It uses high voltage motors to producer. mines, a council representing mining
power a jaw crusher and a cone crusher houses/companies and members of
after screening takes place. KS What are your plans for the growth parliament. The Mines and Minerals act
and development of the mine in terms of must be updated to facilitate the
KS You are currently using the terrace production? protection of mining communities,
mining method tell us more about this national heritage sites, wildlife and other
method? PM The plan is to ramp up production by natural resources.
mining less waste and constructing a
PM Terrace mining is a multi-benched milling plant. We will train and hire more KS What's your advice on those who are
sideways moving method, the entire mine miners who will lead more mining crews studying mine planning and what would
moves over the ore reserve from one end to once we go underground. you say will be the biggest challenge they
the other, but not necessarily in a single should expect?
bench. The number of benches used is a KS What legislative reform would you
function of the excavation depth and type recommend for the growth of Junior PM Those studying Mining Engineering
of machinery used. Typically you have miners to large scale mining in must look forward to long hours of
benches of 8 - 15m in height and 1-32 Zimbabwe? problem-solving, feasibility studies and risk
benches in the terrace. analysis. They must be ready to take on new
PM Our legislative framework can start by challenges and adopt modern
KS Are there any plans to sink shafts and addressing the issue of mine accidents and technologies and ways of problem-solving.
Panashe speaks to a collegue as they prepare to blast
34 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com Continued on the next page>>

MINING AFFAIRS
KS How has been the safety record at the KS Many young people like yourself have no luck?
Mine? challenges with moving into mining areas
mainly because these are located in deep PM To Chipo I would say "Smooth seas
PM The safety record has been superb. We rural areas away from the usual lifestyle of don't make skilful sailors". She must take
have had no mine accidents or fatalities fast foods, and stable internet amongst her time to build her personal brand,
since we started. others. How do you cope with living and network and keep on learning. It is always
working in this remote area? darkest before dawn but the sun will
KS In what ways do you keep pollution to always rise.
a minimum? PM I understand why the youth would
prefer life in the cities/towns however KS Besides Mining what else is Panashe
PM To avoid pollution we use a closed-loop history teaches us that cities were once into?
for water circulation/ reticulation. We have barren wastelands or dense forests that just
daily emission and discharge inspections to needed an upgrade. So I simply work hard PM I'm into travelling, fishing, boxing, tennis
check if there are any spillages/leakages. to bring the comforts I enjoy to the rural and art.
areas. As for fast food I was never a fan and
KS Tell me about a successful solution you am pretty sure that such a lifestyle and diet KS Some may need your expert advice or
proposed and was implemented. will diminish one's health and cognitive consultation services how do they get
abilities. hold of you?
PM I proposed the use of fewer but longer
drill rods and a mobile heavy duty air KS With jobs being difficult to come by in PM They can write to me on
compressor for our rock drills. This has the Mining Industry. What's your advice to panamuguza@gmail.com
increased our output per blast. Chipo a graduate mine planner who has
been seeking employment for years with ENDS//
Standing proud - Panashe Muguza after taking the Mining Zimbabwe team on a tour of Union Jack Mine

MINING AFFAIRS
Casualties in mining drop significantly

mining players to ensure that there was
zero harm. He said the Ministry of Mines
has been conducting safety awareness
campaigns to promote the achievement of
zero harm.
Polite Kambamura
Chamber of Mines CEO Mr Isaac Kwesu
“We encourage miners to adhere to set
The protection of workers remains a “Safety, health and environment are key safety standards by safety awareness
priority for mining companies as zero aspects that we must consider when campaigns being done by the ministry,”
harm policies continue to gain traction. undertaking mining activities and the Kambamura said.
chamber of mines subscribe to zero harm
Rudairo Mapuranga and have structures in place to ensure that The Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on
there is zero harm in the mining industry. Mines and Mining Development Chairper-
The mining industry in Zimbabwe has Through our SHE committee structures of son Hon Edmond Mkaratigwa said the par-
taken necessary measures to see through the industry, we have also seen the number liament was doing all it can to ensure that
the achievement of the zero-harm mantra. of calamities or casualties in mining the safety of workers has been achieved.
coming down significantly. Some large
The country’s body, representing Large mining houses have been recording zero “Parliament's position as the representative
scale producers, the Chamber of Mines deaths and it is common that if other of the masses in Zimbabwe stands with
works with Government, labour and Small- mining operations learn how others are what protects life as the most sacred as-
Scale Miner organisations to ensure that doing it through existing structures of the pect and then the body as the first capital
mining operations cause no harm or injury mining industry, we can achieve these zero of all sources of livelihood for all workers
to those working in mines. This is done by harms,” Kwesu said. and their families.
encouraging mines to develop and
implement safety, occupational health and For example, Bulawayo Mining Company “Parliament has therefore voiced against
environmental systems at their operations. owned gold producer, How Mine, has these mining accidents and all unsafe prac-
employed strategies to improve the safety tices at the workplace and surrounding en-
In this regard, the Chamber of Mines of and health of its workers which has seen it vironment. We have raised concerns and
Zimbabwe works with the Ministry of Mines achieving a reduction in injuries from 299 when these are being addressed, we are
and Mining Development’s Mining to 12 per year. The company has made happy and will support if there is any other
Engineering Department which is great strides in ensuring a safe working need for us to unlock when any resisted dif-
responsible for the safety and health environment as a result of an integrated ficulty but necessary options are to be
inspectorate function. It works with the systems approach which has seen them taken towards achieving that target.
National Social Security Authority (NSSA) using three different systems some of
which is the lead agency for occupational which were borrowed from the chamber of “I also hasten to say, we should deal with
health and safety in the country. In mines, SHE committee. safety and zero harm but where zero harm
addition, it works with the Environmental has failed, we should still fail safely and be
Management Agency (EMA), the national Victoria Falls Stock Exchange-listed nickel able to rescue and recover. This is our posi-
authority on environmental management. producer Bindura Nickel Corporation (BNC) tion that mitigation is fine, prevention is
has not recorded fatalities at its Trojan fine and response, rescue and recovery are
According to the Chamber of Mines CEO Nickel Mine since 2015 an indication that equally fine. I commend the initiative and
Mr Isaac Kwesu, the chamber established a the chamber of Mines SHE committee has we support that,” Hon Mkaratigwa said.
standing committee of Safety, Health and been of significance to the reduction of
Environment (SHE), whose mandate is to calamities in the mining industry. The
make recommendations to the Executive company recorded BNC 2.6 million fatality-
Committee on SHE issues in the mining free shifts last year with Caledonia’s Blanket
industry. mine also reaching over 2.6 million fatality-
free shifts last year.
He said through the SHE committee, that
the mining sector has seen the number of The Deputy Minister of Mines and Mining
deaths decreasing significantly. Development Dr Polite Kambamura said
the government was working with the Edmond Mkaratigwa

MINING AFFAIRS
CHEMICAL SUPPLY
to the Mining and Manufacturing sectors in Zimbabwe
Blackbox Investments first initiated trading network to enhance cost efficiency whilst
in Zimbabwe in 2014, with the vision to continually adjusting supply variables to
become the country's leading supply chain create value for our customers. Blackbox
distributor and supplier of needed raw Investments is strategically structured into
materials to Zimbabwean based five divisions working autonomously to
manufacturing companies. The company increase our product offering:
founding directors created work ethic and
principle established on aggressive sales • MINING CHEMICALS
and marketing, coupled vibrant and • INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
motivated approach to serving the
• WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS
expanding customer base within the
• OILS & LUBRICANTS
country nationwide.
• COMMODITY POLYMERS
The company continues to target growing
our customer base and product offering to
key industries within Zimbabwe and to
INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS MINING CHEMICALS become recognized market leaders within
the product categories offered to our target
markets.
COMMODITY POLYMERS OILS & LUBRICANTS
The company has seen and continues to

pursue growing our portfolio of products to
our customer base. As a support function
related to the business model, Blackbox
WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS
We specialize in procurement and has over 5000m2 of warehousing infras-
distribution of key raw materials for tructure whilst separately including self-
Zimbabwe manufacturing requirements. contained bond warehouse facility with an
The company boasts a global supply extra 2000m2 capacity for stock holding.

23| ISSUE 38 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com
MINING AFFAIRS
Mining Cyber Risks and Insurance Solutions

Cyber risks were not major risks for most all cyber-threats. However, because of the unique nature of
local mining companies before the Covid cyber risks, a one size fits all view does not
pandemic changed the way that The main effects of such attacks on mining work. Firstlink emphasises a customised
operations are conducted. Globally, Cyber operations include: cyber insurance program design for each
related attacks and losses in the mining client cemented by our 360° Risk
space have increased over the years from • Disruption of supply chains Management approach. This process would
the 2010 combined attack on Rio Tinto • Loss of financial and commercial data involve investigating and clearly defining
Group, BHP Billiton Ltd. and Fortescue • Compromise of employee safety and the cyber risk exposures existing as these
Metal to more recently the 2021 Weir attack personal data differ according to the type of mining
which has an estimated $27 million • Loss of exploration data and resource operation. These exposures should also be
revenue loss. definition quantified financially to determine their
• Loss of access to critical condition worst-case scenario impact on client
Post-Covid, the use of digitally integrated monitoring systems revenues should a loss occur. Preloss and
systems, the move toward autonomous • Disruption to autonomous mining Post Loss scenarios are modelled and we
equipment and use of artificial intelligence operations guide the client in developing a cyber risk
improved across all aspects of mining • Extortion and damage to company management framework to complement
operations but it also increased the cyber reputation. the insurance being purchased. This results
risks companies are faced with. • Disruption to production and in an optimal program design, with a clear
subsequently loss of revenue balance between exposures, insurance
Cyber risks are varied and attackers can be cover and premiums.
your own employees, third parties Cyber Insurance solutions are available
exploiting your systems directly or through which provide cover for first-party losses Talk to us today about Cyber Insurance
contractors with access to your systems. (e.g. business interruption, restoration, and cover for your mining operation.
Breaches in the cyber arena can be caused crisis communications) and third-party
by local or international attackers. Although losses, (e.g. data breaches, network Tichaona Chihambakwe is the Business
mining entities have invested in interruption, and notification expenses). Development and Marketing Head for
monitoring, maintaining and upgrading These Insurance solutions provide cover in Firstlink Insurance Brokers.
their IT and digital systems, the fast-paced areas that traditional insurance policies
nature of developments in this space poses have gaps or exclusions.
a risk that they may be unable to prevent

GOLD
Mining, buying/selling &
claim registration in Zimbabwe

MINING AFFAIRS
Gold mining in Zimbabwe is a major reaching down to 15 metres below 12 level Zimbabwe’s oldest gold mines.
mainstay for millions in the Southern elevation. The Principal mining method is
African country. underhand stopping. The mine has the Bilboes Holdings
capacity to treat 450 tonnes of ore per
By Keith Sungiso day. Bilboes Holdings (Private) Limited owns
and operates gold mines in Zimbabwe. It
There are over 4 000 recorded gold Falcon Gold (Falgold) engages in mining, exploring, and
deposits in Zimbabwe of which nearly all producing gold. The company was
of them are located in ancient workings. The company formerly owned Dalny mine founded in 1989 and is based in Harare,
The country remains under-explored to in Chakari, Venice Mine in Kadoma and Zimbabwe.
discover deposits away from these ancient Golden Quarry mine in Shurugwi.
workings. More than 90% of gold deposits Founded in 1991, Falcon Gold Zimbabwe is Bilboes own and operates four gold mines
in Zimbabwe are associated with green- a subsidiary of the New Dawn Mining namely Isabella, Bubi, When and McCay's
stone belts which are some of the richest Group. New Dawn Mining Corp is involved 'existing mines' all in the Bubi Greenstone
in the world. Other gold deposits occur in in the exploration, development, Belt of Zimbabwe. The mines were
the Limpopo Mobile Belt in the south of extraction, processing and reclamation of acquired from Anglo American
the country and the Proterozoic Piriwiri precious metal deposits in Zimbabwe. Corporation Zimbabwe Limited (AMZIM)
rocks in the North-Western part of in 2003 together with most of AMZIM's
Zimbabwe. It primarily explores for gold, base metals gold mineral rights in Zimbabwe.
and precious metals. Falcon Gold
Top large scale gold producing miners in Zimbabwe Limited also has an Eureka Gold Mine
Zimbabwe operational processing plant and Ancillary
infrastructure which supports a central Eureka Gold Mine is located about 150km
Freda Rebecca processing plant that treats ore from north of Harare.
Pickstone.
It mines 3,000 tonnes of ore and removes Eureka is a modern gold mine designed
8,000 banks of overburden on an average Pickstone Peerless to produce up to 70,000oz of gold per
every day. The mine poured its first gold in annum from an open pit operation.
April 1988. Freda is owned by Kuvimba The 584ha Pickstone-Peerless Gold Mine is Operations were suspended in 2000 due
mining house which owns a soon to be located 100km southwest of Harare and to high costs and low gold prices. The
biggest gold producer Shamva gold mine. has historically produced over 400,000oz mine is recommenced production in 2021.
gold. Pickstone-Peerless has a current
Blanket Mine JORC Resource of 62 million tonnes Small-scale gold mining
grading 1.8 g/t, containing 3.56 million
One of Zimbabwe's most successful ounces of gold. Included in this Resource Artisanal and Small-scale miners currently
mines, owned by New York Stock is an open-pittable Ore Reserve of 16.6Mt operating in Zimbabwe are estimated to
Exchange-listed Caledonia Mining grading at 1.9 g/t for 1.02 million ounces of range from 500 000 to 1 500 000 people.
Corporation, run by Steve Curtis the mine gold.
is currently carrying out an ambitious This group is currently producing over
expansion drive aimed at producing 80 Duration Gold Mine 60% of gold submitted to the country's
000 ounces of gold by 2021. sole buyer Fidelity Printers and Refiners
Duration Gold Limited offers gold explora- (FPR).
RioZim tion and production services. The
company owns 5 core assets with historic The major challenges faced by the ASM
Rio Zimbabwe, a diversified miner owns production of 4.6 million oz. It also sells sector are a lack of financial resources,
several gold mines which include Renco gold at international spot prices. The equipment, expertise, and geological in-
Mine, Dalny mine and Cam & Motor Mine company was founded in 2006 and is formation. Despite these challenges, ASM
in Kadoma and many more scattered based in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Duration operations remain crucial as production
across the country. Gold Limited operates as a subsidiary of details recorded at Fidelity Printers and
Clarity Enterprises Limited. Refiners indicate that the sector has pro-
Metallon Corporation duced more than 60 tonnes (60%) of gold
One of its flagship gold mines is for the period 2017-2020.
In 2015, gold production was 97,000 Vumbachikwe, which is one of
ounces and the target was 120,000
ounces in 2016. Across the group, Metallon
has a significant resource base with a
JORC-compliant 8.3 million ounce
resource. Metallon owns the award-
winning Bulawayo based How Mine.
Sabi Gold Mine
The mine employs about 450 employees

and is currently serviced by one
rectangular double compartment shaft
More and more women are getting employed in the mining industry

MINING AFFAIRS
The Ministry of Mines and Mining
Development (MMMD) is tasked to
promote sustainable exploration, mining,
processing marketing and management of
mineral resources for the benefit of all
Zimbabweans. Its key responsibility is to be
responsible for the administration of the
Mines and Minerals Act (Chapter 21:05) of
Zimbabwe.
Mining investment in Zimbabwe
1.1 Foreign Investors are allowed to own

100% shareholding for mining operations
in all minerals except for platinum and
diamonds which the foreign investor is
expected to jointly own with Government
on a 51%/49% basis.
Members of the country’s largest mining body, the Zimbabwe Miners Federation(ZMF) at a
1.2 Before starting operations the newly
small-scale mine in Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe
registered company should possess a
Gold buying in Zimbabwe made after the analysis which is carried out Zimbabwe Investment and Development
at the Head Office in Harare. Agency (ZIDA) certificate and can then
Fidelity Gold Refiners formerly Fidelity apply for a prospecting license from any
Printers and Refiners (Pvt) Ltd (FPR) is Fidelity Gold buying centres Ministry of Mines and Mining Development
licensed to buy gold from large scale provincial Offices.
producers, small scale producers and
holders of gold buying permits. 1.3 Any person who is a permanent resident
of Zimbabwe and above the age of 18 may
With FPR miners have an option to select take out a prospecting license at any
the assay method for a particular deposit or Ministry of Mines and Mining Development
the specific gravity method. If the provincial offices.
customer opts for the fire assay method,
payment will be made after the analysis 1.4 The Provincial Mining Director acting on
which is carried out at the Head Office in behalf of the Permanent Secretary may
Harare. Samples obtained after melting are Fidelity gold buying centres are housed in ZB refuse to issue a prospecting license but
accurately analysed using the Banks across the country shall forthwith be required to report each
internationally recognised fire assay refusal to the Secretary.
technique. Results obtained are in the FPR has decentralised its buying activities
region of 1 part per thousand tolerances. from Harare to cover all gold producing 1.5 Each Prospecting License is valid for two
However, for the specific gravity method, regions within the country, thereby years.
payment is actioned on the spot. The significantly reducing the security risks
specific gravity method is used particularly associated with transporting gold over long 1.6 A holder of a Prospecting License
in areas outside Harare. distances. The company has also appointed automatically acquires the rights of
Gold Buying agents to conveniently mop prospecting and pegging mining claims
gold produced in outlying areas and also anywhere in Zimbabwe.
“Gold is found in from artisanal miners.
1.1 When a Prospecting Licence holder has
every district The current gold buying centres are:

Bulawayo, Gwanda, Kadoma, Mutare,
identified a mineral deposit that he/she is
interested in, he/she appoints an agent or
Bindura, Gweru, Kwekwe, Zvishavane, an Approved Prospector to peg on his
in Zimbabwe!” Chinhoyi, Filabusi, Masvingo behalf.
FPR has decentralised its buying activities Registering for gold mining claims in
from Harare to cover the entire country, Zimbabwe
thereby significantly reducing the security
risks associated with transporting gold for Gold mining is the most popular type of
the small scale sector. The customer has an mining conducted in Zimbabwe. It has a
option to select the assay method for a flourishing market ready to pay the
particular deposit or the specific gravity greenback on demand. Popular gold
method. Gold delivered to the centres is mining towns include Kadoma, Bindura,
paid for on the spot after carrying out a Shurugwi, Gwanda, Chegutu, Kwekwe,
specific gravity determination of the gold Zvishavane, Chinhoyi, Shamva, Mutare and
content. However, if the miner opts for the many other towns.
fire assay method, payment will then be
Gold is found in every district in Zimbabwe!

MINING AFFAIRS
than 100 hectares, otherwise the gazette fee. This allows the holder to start
prospector is only required to inform the mining operations subject to meeting
farm/landowner in writing either by other obligations like Environment Impact
registered mail or deliver by hand. Assessment (EIA).
1.4 All areas classified as not open to 1.7 Within three months from the date of
prospecting and pegging or reserved registration the miner is required to erect
against prospecting and pegging cannot permanent beacons on the ground.
be pegged, e.g. cultivated lands, dip tanks,
Dams, etc. 1.8 All precious mineral claims are
supposed to be continuously worked on
1.5 Each Prospecting License can peg up in order to obtain renewal of title. Claims
to a maximum of 10 claims at 1 Ha each. have a 12-month tenure after which they
shall expire or be renewed.
1.6 An application for registration must be
submitted to the Ministry of Mines and 1.9 Gold and other precious metal claims
Mining Development offices. The are inspected by production and capital
application must have copies of the expenditure.
1.2 The agent is required to physically peg
following attachments:
the area by marking the deposit with a
1.10 Base metal claims can be protected
Discovery Peg. He/She should also post
(a) Prospecting license(s). by payment.
Prospecting, Discovery and Registration
(b) Prospecting Notice.
Notices on the ground. The notices must
(c ) Discovery Notice (Base Minerals). 1.11 If a mining claim is transferred or sold
be posted conspicuously to alert other
(d) Notification of intention to a Certificate of Registration After Transfer
prospectors.
prospect to the landowner. shall be issued by the Ministry of Mines
(e) A map in triplicate to the scale of and Mining Development.
1.3 Before posting these notices the agent
1:25000.
is required to inform/or seek consent from
1.13 Failure to renew title will result in the
the landowner of his intention to
1.6 If the Provincial Mining Director is forfeiture of a mining claim. Furthermore,
prospect.
satisfied that all pegging procedures have loss of title can be through cancellation or
been followed he shall issue a certificate abandonment.
NB: Consent is only sought from the
of registration upon payment of the
landowner if prospecting on a farm less
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MINING AFFAIRS
Gearing towards a sustainable future - Importance of

ESG in Mining
sustainable technologies, promote the
improved wellbeing of local communities,
curb emissions, and improve
environmental stewardship.
SLR, a global leader in environmental and

advisory solutions with a focus on helping
clients achieve their sustainability goals
notes that the ESG agenda emphasizes the
issues mentioned below for the mining
industry:
Environment: biodiversity, ecosystem

services, water management, mine
waste/tailings, air, noise, energy, climate
change (carbon footprint, greenhouse gas),
hazardous substances, mine closure.
Zimbabwean mining companies need to demonstrate their contribution to a
up their game on environmental, social and sustainable future will have a competitive Social: human rights, land use,
governance (ESG) factors if they are to advantage. resettlement, vulnerable people, gender,
remain viable and in sync with the global labour practices, worker/community health
mining industry that is rapidly changing The report indicates that investors are now & safety, security, artisanal miners, mine
and placing more emphasis on the placing importance on ESG when closure / after use.
protection of natural resources and the considering investing in the industry.
environment. Governance: legal compliance, ethics,
EY posits that higher ESG ratings can en- anti-bribery and corruption (ABC),
Prince Sunduzani. able access to a larger pool of attractively transparency.
priced capital.
ESG factors have become increasingly These issues should not be secondary for
important to investors who now require This presents viability and an existential mining companies. They should be a
increased attention on environmental, threat to Mining companies that neglect priority, given the negative impact mining
social and governance-related matters as a this important phenomenon. activities have on the environment and
prerequisite for mining companies to people's livelihoods. The ESG is also in line
access capital. "As environmental, social and governance with the sustainable development goals
(ESG) factors become a bigger priority for SDGs.
The investment landscape has changed as investors, shareholders and a broader
investors are incorporating ESG criteria into group of stakeholders, miners are doing These are some of the reasons why ESG
their investment assessments and more to integrate ESG into corporate should not be ignored.
valuation decisions, and perceive strategies, decision-making and
companies with strong sustainability stakeholder reporting. Stakeholder The UN says that Mining
programs as sound and reliable forward. pressure over issues such as biodiversity companies committed to the SDGs will
and water management is likely to benefit from improved relationships with
ESG standards for mining include energy intensify, requiring miners to progressively governments and communities and better
efficiency, emissions reduction and water plan for mine closures and better manage access to financial resources; those that fail
efficiency, along with improved worker the water-energy nexus to satisfy to engage meaningfully with the SDGs will
safety and community relations. expectations," says EY in the report. put their operations at risk in the short and
long term.
Ernst & Young’s (EY’s) report on Top 10
Business Risks and Opportunities for It's time for Zimbabwean mining houses
mining and metals in 2022, reveals that lag on ESG to pull up their socks or
environmental and social risks will be the face extinction.
most significant factor for the industry to
consider over the next year. Also prioritising ESG means that
companies can leave a long-lasting legacy
The report surveyed 200 global mining rather than open mine pits and degraded
executives that gave their insights into the environment.
risks and opportunities for the industry in According to the United Nation, mining
the year ahead. companies are called on to extract with It means they are placing themselves in a
responsibility, produce with less waste, use position to improve the livelihoods of their
EY, in the report, notes that miners that can safer processes, incorporate new host communities who bear the brunt of
their mining activities.

MINING AFFAIRS
Investment opportunities in the Zimbabwe Semi

Precious and gemstones industry
The Zimbabwean semi-precious stones actual. According to Zimbabwe Miners Federation

industry is still an underutilised territory, Gemstones and Semi-precious stones
which provides a lot of investment Mlambo notes that possibly Zimbabwe has secretary Mr Privilege Moyo, investing in the
opportunities in the value chain, from more than 33 semi-precious stones. The Zimbabwe gemstones industry has
extraction to value addition. number of resources could be more guaranteed returns due to several
expansive than is currently estimated. favourable factors as will be explained
By Prince Sunduzani. below.
The fact that neighbouring countries in
State of Semi-Precious Gemstones Africa are noted producers of gemstone Extraction
industry in Zimbabwe points to the potential existence of high
geological prospectivity in Zimbabwe. Investment opportunities in Zimbabwe are
The country is endowed with many semi- quite plenty. We are looking at the
precious minerals that include emerald, He says the greatest opportunity that faces extractive angle whereby most people are
quartz, agates, and amethyst among the sub-sector in the country is the not well-versed with mining. There is a
others. These gemstones are largely mined existence of a big global market which is great opportunity of creating synergies
by artisanal and small-scale miners and very lucrative. with those people who are in the
there is very little information on the production sector. Also, those who want to
cutting and polishing plants in Zimbabwe. With the sub-sector in its nascency in bring in machinery for both value addition
Zimbabwe, there are likely to be and extraction.
Lyman Mlambo, the Chairman of the opportunities for big finds and lower costs
Institute of Mining Research at the of production as the near-surface semi-
University of Zimbabwe, propounds that precious stones do not require large
the Resources of semi-precious stones in complicated machinery to mine.
Zimbabwe are estimated to be vast, with
the total value estimated at US$20 billion. These minerals that easily, mined and are
sometimes just collected or kicked in the
The country boasts of about 33 different field the mining of semi-precious stones in
types of semi-precious minerals. The Zimbabwe is dominated by autism now
minerals are underexplored, more than minus.
other minerals, so the estimated number of Investment opportunities
types and value could be way below the Privelage Moyo

MINING AFFAIRS
addition.
Availability of working spaces (For value

addition)
Also looking at the situation in Zimbabwe,

we have a lot of factories which have been
closed for various reasons, so working areas
or factories to set up value addition centres
are still plenty, it is only a matter of choice
which are you might be interested in. The
infrastructure is already there, there is
power, and there is water and roads, so
automatically it becomes easy for anyone
who wants to invest in value addition in
Zimbabwe.
Opportunity to shape laws that govern

Alexandrite the industry
Value addition stones have been mined and now the

Since our laws are work in progress, it is also
people don’t know how to grade them,
good for those who want to come in and
In Zimbabwe, it is ideal to have value how to evaluate them and how to handle
share experiences from wherever they have
addition of gemstones and semi-precious them so these are some of the
been to shape the laws to suit whatever the
stones being done locally because we have opportunities one can venture into. For
business community wants. We need
an abundance of various minerals whereby those who feel they have potential,
investors who want to get involved in the
your sourcing will be very close to your financial resources and expertise
industry to come in and share their
value addition plant. You also have choices Zimbabwe is the best place to land and
experiences so that we can redirect our
of various other minerals which you can you're guaranteed to automatically find
country to enact laws which are in tandem
blend in with your designs rather than have somewhere to fit.
with the environment. It becomes a plus
it done outside where the costs can be
because the Government is willing to listen
prohibitive as it will be very expensive. Hav- WHY INVEST IN GEMSTONES
to whoever wants to do business which
ing a product being done locally at least SUBSECTOR.
makes the environment favourable to those
you shed off other unnecessary costs of
who want to do business.
having to carry excess baggage of waste Impressive Human Capital.
which becomes a very high cost to the end-
The country is working on the accelerated
user. Zimbabwe, compared to other countries,
growth of the mining sector
Zimbabwe has got highly educated people,
Education and the language barrier is better than in
Zimbabwe is trudging towards attaining
any other country. In other countries, there
the objectives of Vision 2030 through
Also, investors can set up vocational is a need for a lot of translation to the
interventions such as the National
training centres for our people. Developing person who is supposed to carry out the
Development Strategy 1: 2021-2025 (NDS1).
other techniques, because usually once the process, which ends up affecting the
NDS1 is clear on the subject of the under-
extraction process has been done there are quality of the end product. Zimbabwe has
exploration of the country’s minerals.
other stages which need to be followed for very intelligent and hardworking people
example technology about grading. The and we still have the land to do value
The country is also targeting, growing the
entire mining sector to $12 billion. As part
of its interventions to attain the target,
Zimbabwe is targeting low hanging fruits.
Gemstones and Semi-Precious stones are
such low hanging fruits which have been
under-utilized hence, the country is open
to investment in this area.
These initiatives present an opportunity for

prospective investors to hop onto the train
as the country has a high appetite for
investment in mining, with the semi-
precious, gemstones sector being one of
those.
Legendary semi-precious expert Dave Darling with a Rhodocrosite stone

Beitbridge Forbes
Bulawayo Mutare
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MINeral focus
Minerals and areas of verified deposits in Zimbabwe

Agate Nyamandhlovu, Chikomba, Lupane
Aluminum Mutare, Nyanga, Mwenezi
Amazonite Nyamandhlovu, Rushinga
Amethyst Nyamandhlovu, Hurungwe, Hwange, Makonde, Lupan
Antimony Kwekwe, Bubi, Mberengwa, Kadoma, Shurugwi
Arsenic Bubi, Shurugwi, Mutare, Gwanda
Asbestos Masvingo, Gwanda, Matobo, Mberengwa, Insiza, Makonde, Umzingwane
Aventurine Masvingo, Beitbridge
Barites Kwekwe, Mwenezi
Beryl Hurungwe, Kariba, Goromonzi, Harare, Mudzi, Rushinga, Mutoko, Bindura, Marondera, Gutu, Buhera,
Bikita, Chegutu, Hwange, Mberengwa, Gweru
Bismuth Gwanda, Insiza, Goromonzi, Hwange
Cesium Mudzi, Bikita, Goromonzi
Calcite Hwange, Bindura, Chiredzi, Mwenezi
Chromium Mberengwa, Guruve, Makonde, Gweru, Kwekwe, Shurungwi, Chegutu, Kadoma, Gwanda, Insiza,
Masvingo, Chirumanzu
Citrine Marondera, Harare, Goromonzi
Clay Harare, Bulawayo, Gwanda, Gweru
Coal Gokwe, Chiredzi, Beitbridge, Mwenezi, Hwange, Lupane, Binga, Kariba, Hurungwe, Bikita
Cobalt Kwekwe, Insiza, Shamva, Bubi, Bindura
Copper Makonde, Kadoma, Mutare, Chirumanzu, Chegutu, Kwekwe, Shurugwi, Beitbridge, Gokwe, Bindura,
Chipinge, Bikita, Insiza, Makonde, Harare, Bulawayo, Shamva, Chiredzi, Nkayi, Mudzi, Chegutu, Bindura,
Kwekwe, Hurungwe, Bubi, Makonde, Bikita, Gwanda, Masvingo.
Cordierite Hurungwe, Beitbridge, Chimanimani, Rushinga, Makuti
Corundum Beitbridge, Chiredzi, Shurugwi, Marondera, Mberengwa, Mazowe, Rushinga, Insiza, Goromonzi, Wedza,
Makoni
Diamond Gweru, Bubi, Beitbridge, Binga, Mwenezi, Mutare, Chivi
Diatomite Hurungwe
Dolomite Mutare, Beitbridge, Makonde, Mudzi, Masvingo, Rushinga.
Emerald Gutu, Masvingo, Insiza, Mberengwa, Hurungwe.
Feldspar Harare, Bikita, Umzingwane, Goromonzi
Fireclay Hwange, Chiredzi, Kwekwe, Lupane, Nkayi, Kadoma, Kwekwe
Flint clay Mwenezi, Beitbridge
Fluorite Hwange, Guruve, Binga
Garnet Beitbridge, Hurungwe, Mudzi, Guruve, Rushinga, Marondera
Graphite Hwange, Hurungwe, Kariba, Makonde
Gypsum Beitbridge
Gold Every district in Zimbabwe
Iron Kwekwe, Mberengwa, Harare, Kwekwe, Buhera, Gweru, Charter, Chiredzi, Masvingo, Mazowe, Kadoma.

MINERAL FOCUS
Minerals and areas of verified deposits in Zimbabwe

Jade Masvingo
Kaolin Kwekwe, Mutare, Bubi, Hwange, Kadoma, Mazowe, Harare, Umzingwane, Nkayi, Chegutu
Kainite Hurungwe, Nyanga, Mudzi, Rushinga
Lead Mberengwa, Kwekwe, Gokwe, Mutare, Wedza, Hwange
Limestone Mberengwa, Gwanda, Bindura, Shamva, Mazowe, Kadoma, Umzingwane, Gweru, Chegutu, Chimanimani,
Mudzi, Harare, Hurungwe
Lithium Goromonzi, Mudzi, Buhera, Bikita, Chegutu, Hwange, Harare, Insiza, Rushinga, Mutoko, Mutare, Hwange
Magnetite Gwanda, Nyanga, Kadoma, Mwenezi, Insiza, Buhera, Mberengwa, Beitbridge, Gweru
Manganese Kwekwe, Gweru, Makonde, Mberengwa
Mercury Bubi, Kadoma
Mica Hurungwe, Rushinga, Kariba, Hwange
Molybdenum Kwekwe, Insiza, Shurugwi, Makonde, Chipinge, Gweru, Mutare
Mtorolite Guruve, Mutare
Nickel Bubi, Makonde, Kwekwe, Insiza, Guruve, Shamva, Shurugwi, Matobo, Chegutu, Bindura, Gweru.
Ochre Gweru, Kwekwe
Palladium Kwekwe, Makonde, Shurugwi, Chegutu
Phosphate Buhera
Platinum Kwekwe, Makonde, Shurugwi, Chegutu, Centenary
Pyrite Shurugwi, Gwanda, Mazowe, Kadoma, Bulilimamangwe, Shamva, Hwange.
Salt Mwenezi
Sapphire Mudzi
Selenium Makonde
Silica Gweru, Kwekwe, Makonde, Chegutu, Gokwe, Harare, Goromonzi
Sillimanite Hurungwe
Silver Makoni, Makonde, Kwekwe
Talc Bubi, Guruve, Insiza, Nyanga, Mutare, Mt Darwin, Mberengwa, Goromonzi, Mutoko, Wedza, Kwekwe,
Makoni
Tantalum Hurungwe, Guruve, Kariba, Mudzi, Mutoko, Shamva, Bindura, Harare, Goromonzi, Murehwa, Mt Darwin,
Rushinga, Mazowe, Marondera, Gutu, Masvingo, Buhera, Bikita, Mutare, Hwange, Chivhu, Mberengwa,
Chimanimani, Makoni, Insiza
Tin Hurungwe, Mudzi, Shamva, Bindura, Goromonzi, Harare, Rushinga, Mt Darwin, Nyanga, Gutu, Bikita,
Hwange, Masvingo, Mutare
Topaz Hurungwe, Gweru, Mutare
Tungsten Hurungwe, Kariba, Shamva, Mazowe, Rushinga, Bindura, Guruve, Mt Darwin, Harare, Mudzi, Goromonzi,
Bulawayo, Insiza, Matobo, Gwanda, Umzingwane, Bubi, Buhera, Mberengwa, Kadoma, Bikita, Shurugwi,
Mutare, Chipinge, Chegutu, Kwekwe, Chiredzi, Wedza, Gweru, Hwange, Masvingo, Makoni
Vanadium Mt Darwin, Guruve, Bulawayo
Vermiculite Buhera, Mudzi Zinc Kwekwe, Gokwe, Nyanga

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Mining

THE PROVIDER OF VALUABLE INTELLIGENCE TO THE ZIMBABWE MINING COMMUNITY

Discover Surface Miner Series at www.tesmec.com

John M. Keogh: +263 772 543 391 - john.keogh@redanbulk.com

SALES & ADVERTISING

Mining Zimbabwe is the premier source of

AANR poised to exploit the Nickel Supply

FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Mining Cyber Risks and Insurance

Gearing towards a sustainable future -

18 12 48 Investment opportunities in the

Widening the Investment Spectrum In the

Bright prospects for Panashe Muguza

Advertising: info@miningzimbabwe.com Gold Sponsor

04 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

KUVIMBA MINING HOUSE CEO

06 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

The resuscitation of Ziscosteel is a major project. KMH’s role is to

Kuvimba produced 115,136 ounces.

The government has been calling for mining houses to list on

Since the fall of Mhangura mine, the country’s copper

KMH does not currently have a presence in the Copper sector. We

Chamber of Mines has a zero harm mantra, how is Kuvimba

In terms of environmental rehabilitation after mining, what

There are various mining regulations in our country including

07 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

Interview: Mines and Mining Development Minister

KS Which are the most sought-after

WC The major minerals are gold, diamond,

KS Why should investors consider

09 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

Minister Chitando at the commissioning of the RioZim Biox plant in Kadoma

10 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

RioZim Biox Plant

12 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

“The idea was and is that would then

13 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

AANR poised to exploit the Nickel Supply Cliff

Ground-based Electromagnetic Survey -

14 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com Continued on page 15

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Fully Equipped Managers Quarters Secure Carbon Rooms

15 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

16 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

The visit saw Mine Managers touring the

EG Pegged in 1941 by J. Howe (hence How

KS How many metres below ground level

EG The deepest shaft is currently at 33L,

15 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

KS Any words to those who are interested

EG Zimbabwe is still highly untapped. The

18 ISSUE 55 >> www.miningzimbabwe.com

• Caledonia Mining Corporation completed the construction of the

Great Dyke Investments (Pvt) Ltd (New

Karo Platinum (Pvt) Ltd (New Mine),

President Mnangagwa Operates a Drill Rig at KARO Mine

• Operationalization of 2 × 12.5 MVA additional Furnaces in

Prospect Lithium New Mine, Arcadia

Southern Granite, Chitungwiza &