Logic Learning Module No.

Prepared by Mr. Joebert F. Padata Jr.

September 12, 2023

Name: ________________ Course & Year: ____________ Date: ____________

Units 2 & 3 – The Logic of Concept and the Logic of Term

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Define the concept and term as products of simple apprehension;
2. Explain the relationships of concepts and terms;
3. Appreciate the importance of logic of concepts and terms in education; and
4. Compose an essay on the role of the logic of concepts and terms in concept-based
learning.

Activity
Film-showing. Please watch the virtual discussion about concept-based learning through the
following link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGrNozm2Gr8

Reference:
[Ruch-Ed!]. (2022, June 5). Concept-based Learning [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGrNozm2Gr8

Analysis
1. What is concept-based learning?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________.
 2. How is it used in education?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________.

Abstraction
1. The _________ is defined as the mental representation of the essence of a thing.
a. _________ is what a thing is in itself, its nature.
b. They are called “b_________ of reason” because they have their own reality and
presence in the mind.
c. It is a product of s________ a_________, the mental act by which we grasp the
meaning of a thing without affirming or denying anything about it.
d. It is classified as a sign.
i. N______ sign is anything whose nature enables it to signify something
other than itself. Example: smoke
ii. C______ sign is anything designated by man to signify something else
other than itself. Example: flag
iii. F_______ sign is anything which signifies an object and explains its
“form” or essence. The c_______ is the only f______ sign because it
explains the essence of a thing. Example: a triangle.
e. It is accompanied by a p_______, the mental picture of the thing. Example:
woman and child in “mother”
f. Its two main properties are:
i. C__________: the sum total of “notes” or attributes constituting the
essence of a thing. Example: “man” = substance, corporeal, sentient,
living, animal, rational; “triangle” = plane with three sides
ii. E__________: the sum of things or “inferiors” signified by the concept on
the basis of its comprehension. Example: “man” = Mary, John, Paul, all
Filipinos; “food” = rice, corn, fruit, vegetables.
g. There is an inverse ration between the two properties.
h. The intentions are:
i. We may use it to signify the things outside of our m______. Example:
“Man is a thinking being”
ii. We may also use it to signify the m_____ how we regard it as such.
Example: “Man is a masculine concept.”
i. Concrete vs. Abstract
i. The concept is _______ if it is present in the mind.
ii. The concept is _________ if an individual thing is existing with a specific
nature or quality.
j. Classifications of Concepts
i. According to Comprehension
 1. S_____ and C______
2. A______ and C_______
3. U______ and A________
ii. According to Extension
1. S_____
2. U______
3. P______
4. C______
iii. According to Origin
1. R_____ and A_____
2. I_______ and M______
iv. According to Relation
1. I_______
2. S_______
3. C_______
4. I________
5. R________
6. P_________
7. C_________
8. C__________
k. The Law of C_______ Concepts: If one is true, the other is necessarily false.
Both cannot be true of the same thing of the same time. If one is false, the other
is necessarily true. Both cannot be false of the same thing at the same time.
i. Examples: student and non-student; legal and illegal; married and
unmarried.
l. The Law of C_______ Concepts: Both cannot be true, but both can be false.
Accordingly, if one is true, the other is false. But if one is false, the other is
doubtful, that is neither true nor false.
i. Examples: left and right; rich and poor; beautiful and ugly; friend and
enemy; lover and hater.
2. The _________ communicates the concepts. It is expresses the thought meaningfully
using words.
a. In logic, the word is called a ________. It completes the concept by expressing it
outwardly and making it known.
b. It is a sensible ________ sign of concept. It leads us to know the concept, the
thing it signifies. It is perceptive to the senses by reading or hearing it. Its
spelling, pronunciation, and meaning are determined by consensus or
convention.
c. It is an arbitrary or changeable expression of the concept based on l_________.
d. It has the same c__________ and e__________ of the concept it expresses.
e. C_______ is its meaning.
f. E________ includes all the individuals or inferiors signified by it.
g. T_________ = Concept (________) = Individual things (__________)
h. Significant vs. Co-significant terms
i. _________ term represents the essence or an attribute.
1. Examples: Nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs
 ii. _________ term does not stand for an essence or attributes but for an
aspect of the thought.
1. Examples: articles, prepositions, and conjunctions
i. The conceptual meaning of a term is determined by the process of ________.
i. It sets the limits or boundaries by which something is identified and
differentiated from other.
ii. It has the following types:
1. E____________ - states the origin or derivation of the word.
2. R____________ - states the immediate class to which a thing
belongs and the attribute by which a thing is differentiated.
3. D____________ - describes the physical appearance of a thing or
person.
4. C____________ - states what a thing is on the basis of the four
causes:
a. E________ cause – states the origin or the creator of the
thing
b. M________ cause – states the material or stuff out of
which makes up a thing. Example: “The dress is made of
cotton.”
c. F_________ cause – states the purpose of the thing.
Example: “The cup is for drinking.”
d. F_________ cause – constitutes the thing to be what it is.
Example: “Man is a social animal capable of thinking.”
i. This is the real definition
iii. Other methods of definition include:
1. Definition by ________
2. Definition by ________
3. Definition by ________
4. Definition by ________
iv. Qualities of a good definition:
1. A definition should be _________.
2. A definition must be _________.
3. A definition mut be ___________.
4. A definition must contain _________.
j. Types of Terms
i. According to ____________
1. U__________ term – having one and the same meaning.
Example: photosynthesis, biology, cellular phone
2. E__________ term – having two or several unrelated meaning.
Only terms have this type. Example: pitcher, shade.
3. A__________ term – the meaning applies partly the same and
partly different to several things. Example: healthy, friend.
ii. According to ____________
1. S________ term – refers to one specific thing or person.
2. U________ term – refers to the total number of individuals or
inferiors within the extension of the concept as indicated by words
like “all”, ”every”, ”each”, or the negative “none”, “nothing”.
 3. P_______ term – refers to a portion of a total number of
individuals within the extension of a concept as indicated by words
like “some”, “few”, “several”, “many” or “not all”
4. I________ term – refers to undetermined or unspecified number
of individuals. Example: The people, the crowd
iii. Types of Analogy
1. Analogy of ________
2. Analogy of ________
iv. Supposition of Terms : the use of a word in sentence to convey a specific
meaning.
1. R_________ supposition
2. L_________ supposition
3. I__________ supposition
4. M_________ supposition
5. S_________ supposition
6. M_________ supposition

Application
Essay. Respond in at least five sentences. Segregate your sentences by numbers as outlined
below.
Question: What are the roles of the logic of concepts and the logic of terms in
education such as in concept-based learning?
Answer:
1. ______________________________________________________________.

2. ______________________________________________________________.

3. ________________________________________________________________.

4. ________________________________________________________________.

5. ________________________________________________________________.
Reference

Agapay, R. B. (2007). Logic: The Essentials of Deductive Reasoning (2nd edition). National
Book Store.

Buenaflor, L. (2014). The Art of Critical Thinking: Logic for Filipino Students (3rd ed.). Books
Atbp. Publishing Corp.

[Ruch-Ed!]. (2022, June 5). Concept-based Learning [Video]. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGrNozm2Gr8