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 Council of Ministers Regulations
No. t2011

;$fi,,:"#lT':::,:::,*,*ffi pursuant to Articre 5 or*re

,?,#:Hi';ilJJii:
Republic of Iithiopia Proclamation
No. 91612015 and,{rticle 99 ofthe Federal Income
Tax Proclamarion No, 979120i
6.

PART'ONE
GENERAL

1. Short'Iitle
These Regulations may be
cited as the "Council
Tax Regulations No,___ ___12017,,.
of Ministers Federal Income

nenniqonS
unless the context requires otherwise,
in these Regulati.ns:
1/ "Procramation" means the Federal
Incorne Tax procramation No.
979t2016:
2/ "Repeared Froclamation,, means
the Income Tax proclamation No.
296r2002(as amended), the
Mining Incorne Tax procramation
l'1o.53/1993 (as amended)
and the petroreum operations
F,roclamation No. 296119g6 Income Tax
(as amended);
3/ T'erms and phrases used shall
have the sanoe meaning as in
Procrarnation or the Fecleral the
Tax Administration procramation
98312016, as the case may No.
be.

PART TWO

.).

An amoujnt, however clescribed, paid

by a saving credit association as the ancl
return on deposits with, or
member,s contributions to the association
treated as interest for the pulposes shall be
of the proclamation.

,', ,,,r;,:rrf
*
.
-r-'11':1..:'1 ..

- ,, .

..,
", ,..1#" '
t,,
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'', t
.

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 Permanent nstantisnm
1/ In determi'ing whether a person exceeds
the 1g3_day period specified in
Article aQ)@) of the Proclamation, account
shall be taken of a connected
project ofthe person or ofa related
person.
2l when a person operates a building site
or conducts a project or activity
referred to in Article aQ) of the Proclamation,
any connected activities
conducted by a related person shail
be added to the period of time during
which the first-mentioned person has
operated the building site or
conducted the project or activities
for the pu{pose of determining whether
the 183-day period is exceeded.

Resident Individuarl
1/ Subject to sub-article (2) of this
Article, in calculating the number of
an individual is presenr in Ethiopia days
for the puqpos.;-";;;i. ,irx.r
the Proclamalion: ;-,

a) a parl. of a day that an individual is present

in Ethiopia (including
the day of a*ival in, and the day
of .leparture from, Ethiopia)
shall count as a whole day of such
pr.r*,r...,
b) the fcr'owing days in which an individual
is wholry or partly
present in Ethiopia shan count
as a whole day of s*ch presence:
(1) a public hotiday;
(2) a day of leave, including sick lea..ye;
(3) a day in which the individual's activity
in Ethiopia is
interrupted because of a strike,
lock_out , delay in the
receipt of supplies, adverse .weather
conditions, or
seasonal factors;

(4) a day spent by the individual on

holiday in Ethiopia
before, during, or after any ac;rtivity
conducted by the
individual in Ethiopia
A. day part of a day when an individual is in [ithiopia
'r
o:f being in transit
sorely by reason
between two different places .l,utside
Ethiopia shall not
count as a day present in Ethiopia.

'.''1F;,t3.i"-ry
 2t A gain arising on disposal of an interest in a share
in, or a bond issued by,
a resident company shall be Ethiopian source income.

PART THREE
SCHEDULE 'A' INCOME
CHAPTER ONE

U In this Section:

a) 'oemproyee share scheme" means an

agreement or arrangement
under which an employer company or a related
.o_purry ,ruy
allot shares to an employee of the employer
company;
b) 'ohousehord personnel" means a housekeeper,
cook, driver,
gardener, or other domestic assistant;

c) oomarket
lending rate,,, in relation to a month, means:
(1) for a commerciar bank, the rending rate on loans and
rediscount facilities granted by the
Nationar Bank of
Ethiopia to commercial banks that prevailed
in Ethiopia
during the month: or
(2) for any other person, the lowest lending interest
rate of
commercial banks that prevailed in Ethiopia
during the
month;
d) 'orelated company,,, in relation to a
company, means another
company that is a related person in respect
of the first-mentioned
company;
e) "remote atea" means a location that is
thirty kilometres from an
urban centre with a population of twenty
thousand;
1) "services" includes the use of property
and the making available
of any facility;
g) "vehicle" means a motor vehicre designed
to cany a ioadof ress
than one tonne and fewer thang passengers.
2t In this Chapter:
a) a reference to an o'employer" includes a related
person of the
employer and a third party acting under
an anangement with an
employer or a related person of the emplover;
a reference to an ,.employee,' includes a related
person of the
employee.
 Fringe Benefits

't ft tnfffT#l1T,Tj; fllxb) orthe

ow which an employer provider"ro
p'rocramarion
and subject to
employee are fringe
benefits: un

a) debt waiver;
b) household personnel;
c) housing;
d) discounted interest loan;
e) meal or refreshment;

D private expenditure;
g) property or service;
h) an employee share scheme;

i) vehicle;
j) residual fringe benefit.
2/ A benefit is not a fringe benefit
to. the extent that, if
acquired the benefit, the the emproyee had
expenditur.. in.urrrJ--t,
rhe benefit would have
,n. emproyee in
been incu*ed in dlriving
ffJ#::t emplovment

In determining whether a benefit

is a fringe benefit and the
fringe benefit, any restriction varue of a
on ftansfer of the benefit
the
benefit is not otherwise and the fact that
convertibre to cash are
to t" oirr"gu.a.d.
The foltowing benefits
are not treated as fringe
of the proclamation or these benefits fbr the purposes
Regulations:
a) a benefit that is exempt income unde.r Schedule ,E, of
Proclamation; the

b) abenefit the value of which,

after taking into account
frequency with which.the the
employ., f.oui,res sim'ar
benefits, is

:lrffil,, il,,'ffi #JilT:::,,n:. l#***;.

be issued by the Minister; r
c) subsidy to a meal or refreshment
provided i.n a canteen,
or dining room operated, by, cafeteria,
o, on behatf of an employer
for the benefit of emproyees solely
and that is ava'abre to
employees on equal terms; all non_casual
 d) the provision of accommodation or housing
to a non-managerial
employee in a remote area if:

(l) the employee's usual place of'employment

is in the remote
area: and
(2) it is necessary for the employer to provide the
accommodation or housing to the employee
in the remote
area because the nature of the employer's
business is such
that the employee is likely to move frequently
from one
residentiar location to another or there
is insufficient
suitable residential accommodation available
in the remote
area;

e) the provision of a mobile phone by etn employer for use by an

employee;

0 the payment by an employer of the cost

of mobile phone calls
made by an employee, including with a mob'e
phone frovided by
the employer;
o.\
o,/ tuition fees paid by an employer for the benefit
of an emproyee
for attendance at a course offered by a university,
colege, or other
institution providing adult education courses;
h) the provision of the services of a security
guard for the benefit of
an emplcryee;

i) the provision of food and beverage services by

Hotels,
Restaurants and other similar estabrishments
for their employees;
i) the provision of uniforms and related
work materials.

9.

U The waiver by an employer of the obrigation

of an employee to pay or
rway an amount owing to the employer is a
irerrt waiver fringe benefit.
2/ The value of a debt waiver fringe benefit
shall be the amount waived.

10. tue!
The value of a household personnel fringe
benefit for a. month shall be the total
employrnent income paid to the household
personnel in that month for services
payment made by the employee for
 I1.

The value of a housing

fringe benefit
;ffi f:?fii,:;:X.*j*,',._",1t:ff :l*l1,?.il.H*:fi ,i::;
l."."JiJf "[:;i:;ff
accommodation or
*fi,#,#,?Jil-Jffi:ffiT:i:f,'#
made by the employee
housins. i", n.
fringe
ffir#.:J.t;j:""ngwhel thebenefit provi<red by anemproyer
employer leases
to an
housing shall be ,nttn trr. u.ron-,-odation or
housin! ;".;; ;: T:ifr ','#:ilT"f;.r##T*fff1#
employee fbr: the accommodaition
or housinp:.

12.

A loan provided by an emproyer

to an emproyee is
ir the'i""..'i-'"ie under the a discounted interest
ffl-Jil::,ffTll roan is ress rha' the

interest roan fi"inge be'efit

;ilrJHTjJdiscounted for a month shall be
rrre m onth,,,
employee on the""r'',:1:T
roan
Jll,,:j.: I itll":ff H*T:.TJa tT fJ
for the month if the roan
market lending rate for had u.rn ,,'uo. at the
that month

13.

The value of a meal

or refreshment fringe benefit
employer of providing shail be the totar cost to
the meal or refreshment the
the employee for the rneal ,"du"rd i>y any amount paid
or refresl'nent. by

14. Vehicle Fringe Benetit

1/ A provicled by anemproyer
"zehicle to an emproyere whorly or
the private use of the partry for
is a vehicle fringe benefit.
2/ ".ploy..
subject to sub-arlicles (3)
and, (4) of this
fringe benefit fbr: a month Arlicre, the value of a vehicre
shari be the u-"r;;
with the following formula: ;;l,cutateo in accordanoe

fuis%)
I:t

{.,*[ .' \
qc;Jay i t\p

mff:
 free of duty and taxes, the value of the vehicles, fringe benefit shall
include the duty and taxes that would otherwise have been paid
on the
vehicle.

JI The value of a vehicle fringe benefit calculated under sub-arlicle (2)

shall
be reduced by the following:

a) any payment made by the employee for the use of the vehicle or
for maintenance and running costs;
b) the proporlion of the use of the vehicle (if any) by the employee
in the conduct of employment;
c) the proporlion of the month (if an.y) that the vehicle was not
provided to the employee for private use.
4/ Ifan employer has held a vehicle for more than five years, the value of
component "A" in the formula under sub-article (2) of this Article
shall
be 50% of the amount determined under sub-article (2).
)/ A reference in this Article to "a vehicle being provided to an employee
for private use" includes a vehicle that is made available to an
employee
for private use even if the employee did not aotually use the vehicle
for a
private use at any time.

15. Prtvate nxpenditure F.rlngeBenefit

Il Subject to sub-article (3) of this Article, the payment of expenditure
by
an employer is a private expenditure fringe benefit to the
extent that the
expenditure gives rise to a private benefit to an employee.

2l The value of a private expenditure fringe benefit shall be the

amount of
the expenditure treated as a private expenditure fringe benefit
under sub-
article (1) of this Arlicle.
3l This Article shall not apply to expenditure paid by an employer
that is a
fringe benefit under another Article in this Part other than Article
18 of
these Regulations.

16.

tl The transfer of property or provision of services by an employer

to an
employee is a property or services fringe benefit.

Subject to sub-article (3) of this Article, the value of a properry or

services fringe benefit shall be:

a) if the employer supplies the property .r services to customers in

the ordinary course of business,T5oA.f the normal selring price
of the property or services; or
 b) in any other case, the cost to the employer of acquiring the
property or services.
The value of a property fringe benefit determined
under sub-article (2) of
this Article shall be reduced by any payment made
by the employee for
the property or services.

For the purposes of sub-article (2)(a) of this Arlicre,

if the propefty or
services fiinge benefit is the provision of free
or subsidised air tra.vel by
an employer that is an airline operator, the normal
selling price is the
standard economy fare for the flight provided
by the employer.

17. Employee Share gcheme Benefit

1l The allotment of shares to an employee under
em emproyee share scheme,
including shares allotted as a result of the exerc:ise
of an option or right to
acquire the shares, is an emproyee share schemr:
fringe benefit.
2l The value of a right or option to acquire sharers granted
to an employee
undel an enqlloyee share scheme shall not be
treated as a fiinge benefit or
otherwise included in employrnent income:

a) if ttre employee exercises the right or option,

this Article applies;
or
b) if the employee disposes of the right .r option, Articre
59 of the
Proclamation shall apply to the disposar on the
basis that the risht
or option is a class ,B, taxable asset.
J/ subject sub-article (4) of this Article, the value
of an employee share
scheme fringe benefit shall be the fair market ,rualue
of the shares at the
date of allotm.ent reduced by the employee,s
contribution for the shares.
If shares allotted to an employee under an emproyee share scheme
are
subject to a restriction on the transfer of the
shares, the employee is
l.reatecl as having derived the employee
share scheme benefit on the
earlier of:

ir) the tirrre the employee is able to freery transfer

the shares; or
b) the time the employee disposes of the shares.

when sub-arlicle (a) of this A.rticle applies, the fair

market value of the
shares is determined at the time the employee
share scheme benefit is
dlerived as determined under this sub-article (4).

In this Article, "employee's contribution", in reLaltion

to shares allotted to
an employee under an employee share scheme,
means the sum of the
consideration, if any, given by the employee:
 a) for the shares; and
b) for the grant ofany right or option to acquire the shares.

18. Residual Frinse Benefit

U A benefit provided by an employer to an employee not covered by

another Article in this part is a residual fringe benefit.

2t The value of a residual fringe benefit is tlrc fair market value

of the
benefit determined at the time it is provided, as reduced by
any payment
made by the employee for the benefit.

rl Notwithstanding the provisions of this Chapter, the aggreg

ate taxliability
on fringe benefits shall under any circumstance not exceed
I}yo of the
salary income of the employee.

2l For the purpose of this Article 'osalary,, doesn,t include

other employment
related benefits.

CHAPTER TWO

ME
24. f orelgn Emplqyngqt Incom e

LI Article 93(1) of the proclamation shall apply to a resident emproyee

employed by a non-resident employer otherwise than
as an employee of
an Ethiopian permanent establishment of the n<ln-resident.

If a resident employee has derived foreign employment income for

a
calendar month on which the employee has paid foreign
income tax, the
employee shall be allowed a tax credit of an amount
equal to the lesser
of:

a) the foreign income tax paid; or

b) the employment income tax payable in respect of the foreign

employment income caiculated by apprying the average
rate of
employment income tax applicabre to the resident emproyee
to the
foreign employment income of the employee for the
month.
Article 45(3), (4), and (5) of the proclamation shall appty
for the
purposes of the tax credit allowed under this
Article on the basis that the
\ir reference
h\i to "business income tax" is a reference to .,employment
sin income
! li tax" and the reference to 'otax year" is a refbrence to the o,calendar
fl ;ri
*iJ
ii;
rnonth".
. :,r l'1
tr{
 4t In this Article:

a) "average rate of employment income tax,,, in relation to a resident

ernployee for a calendar month, means the percentage that
the
employment income tax payable by the employee for the month,
before the allowance of any tax credit, is of the total employment
inoome of the employee for the month;

b) "foreign employment income" means foreign income that is

taxable under Schedule .A, of the pror:lamation;

c) "foreign income tax" means income tax, including withholding

tax, imposed by the government of a fbreign country or a political
subdivision of a government of a foleign country, but does not
include a penalty, additional tax, or interest payable in respect
of
such tax;

d) "resident employee" means an employee who is a resident of

Ethiopia.

PART FOUR

21.

If a lessor or sub-lessor to whom Article 15(5) of the proclamation

applies
receives an amount of rental income for a period in
excess of one year, the iotal
amount of rental income received shall be treated as having
been derived in the
tax yeer in which it was received but the tax payable on the
amount shall be
calculated by prorating the rental income over the number
of tax years to which
the payment relates.

,1 Lease of Business A,,ssets

Income derived from the lease of a business, including goods,

equipment, and
buildings that arc part of the normal operation of a business,
shall be taxable
under Schedule 'C' of the proclamation.

23.

For the purposes of Article 15(7Xc) of the Proclamation,

the deduction allowed
I :;:.- \
for a tax year for depreciation of a rental building, fumiture,
'be and equipment shall
determined in aocordance with Article 25 of the ll.roclamation
and Chapter
Two of Parl Five of these Regulations on the basis that:

', s; :l
 1/ the rental building is a depreciable asset being a structural
improvement
to immovable property; and
2t any furniture and equipment leased with the building
are depreciable
assets.

24.

II Ifthe total rental income for a tax year of a taxpayer keeping

records is
exceeded by the deductions allowed to the taxpayer
under Article
15(7)(c) of the Proclamation for the tax year, the
amount of the excess
shall be treated as a rental loss for the year.

Article 26 of the Proclamation and Article 42 of these

Regulations shall
apply to ataxpayer who has a rental loss on t}rc basis
that the ref-erence in
those Articles to a "loss" is a reference to a ".rental
ross,,.

)< Foreien Rental Inc_ome

Ifa resident taxpayer has foreign rental incornLe for
a tax year on which
the taxpayer has paid foreign income tax, the taxpayer
shall be allowed a
tax credit of an amount equal to the lesser of:

a) the foreign income tax paid; or

b) the rental income tax payable in respect of the foreign
rental
income of the taxpayer carcurated by applying the
average rate of
rental income tax applicabre to the taxpayer to the
net foreisn
rental income of the taxpayer for the ta>< year.
Article 45(3), (4), and (5) of the proclarnation shall appry
for the
purposes of'the tax credit allo'wed under this
hrlicle on the basis that the
reference to "business income tax" is a reference
to ,.rental income tax,,.
In this Article:

a) "avetage rate of rental income tax',, in relation to

a resident of
Ethiopia for a tax year, means the percent age that
the rental
income tax payabre by the resident fbr the year, before
the
allowance of any tax credit, is of the taxable rental
income of the
resident for the year;

b) "foreign income tax" means income tax, including withholding

tax, imposed by the government of a foreign country
or a politicar
subdivision of a government of a foreign country,
but does not
include apenalty, additional tax, or interest payable
in respect of
such tax;
 c) 'oforeign rental income" means foreign income
taxable under
Schedule'B'; and
d) "net foreign rental income", in relation to a resident
taxpayer for a
ta><year, means the total foreign rental income
of the taxpayer for
the year reduced by the deductions ail.owed under Article
15(7) of
the Proclamation that relate to the derivation of
that income.

26"

For the purpose o.flArticle 17(1) of the Proclamation,

the period of notification of
the completion or rental of new building shall be
within one month of the earlier
of the completion or rental of such buildins.

PART FIVE
SCHEDULE 'C' INCOME
CHAPTER ONE
DEDUCTIONS
)1
For the purposes of Article 27(1)(i) of the proclamation, .,representation
expendlitures" shall mean hospitality expenditures
irLcurred by an employee in
receiving guests from outside the business for
the purposes of promoting and
enhancing the business.

28.

Interest paid to a foreign lender refened to in

Article z3(2)(a)(2) of the
Proclamation shall be deductible only if the borrower
has provided the Authority
with a r;opy of the letter of authorization to provide lnan
issued by the National
Bank of Ethiopia to the foreigner lender.

29. @
Medicall expense incurred by an employer for his
employee including premium
payments made un<ler employees' heerlth
insurance sclheme shall be deducted in
accordance with Artiol e 22(I)(a) of the proclamation.

Ilxpenditure incurred in the provision of food

and beverage services by
I{otels, Restaurants or other similar establishments
for their employees
shall be deducted in accordance with llrticle 22(1)(a)
Proclamation.
of the
 2l The limit to the deduction allowed pursuant to sub-article (l) of this
Article shall be determined by a directive to be issued by the Ministrv.

31. Busin ess Promotio_n Expenditure

The limit to the cleduction of business promotion expenses incurred locally or

abroa<l pursuant to Arlicle 22(I)(a) of the Proclamation shall be determined by
directrive be issued by the Ministrv.

32. 3!!ggee maintaining or repairing or improvins a

ExpenLditure incurred by a lessee of his own volition atvanance with the terms of
the contract concluded with the lessor in the rnaintenance or repair or
improvement of the leased business asset shall be deducted from the business
income of the lessee;.

JJ. Charitable Donatiron

U A deduction allowed under Article 24(l\ of the proclamation for
charitable donations shall apply to expenses incurred by the tax payer in
the managernent of his own charitable activities"

2t For the ptlrpose of Article 24(1) b of the proclamation, call by the

government means call by the federal govemrnent or a regional state and
includes a call by the Addis Ababa and Dire dawa city administrations.

)I For the puqlose of sub-article (1) of this Article "charitable donation"

means a donation made in support of educalion, health, environrnental
protection or provided in the form of humanitarian aid other than for the
tax payer's own employees.

34. fuglWlion allryd for Business Asset held

under Canital Goods Lease Agreement
U Lease paynent made for business asset held under a caprtal goods lease
agreement is deductible business expenditure from gross business
incorne.

2l A person rea.lizing deduction under sub-article (1) of this Article shall not
be entitled to depreciation on the asset.

Head office Exnenss

Payment made by zr permanent establishment doing business in Ethiopia to its
parent non-residerrt body in reimbursement of actual expenses incurred by the
parent non-residenl. body for the benefit of the permanent establishment shall be
deducted to the extent that such expense was incurred in deriving, securin€l or
maintaining business income.
 CHAPTER TWO
DEPRECIATION
36. Usg rtansibles
ll Subject t. sub-articre (2) of this Article, a taxpayer
may determine the
depreciation deduction allowed under Article 2S(l)
of the proclamation
according to the straight-line method under Article 37 of these
Regulations or the diminishing value method
under Article 3g of these
Regulations provided:

a) the taxpayer has used the same method of depreciation

in its
financial accounts prepared in accordance with financial
reporting
standards; and

b) the same method of depreciation is used by the taxpayer

for all
depreciable assets owned by the taxpayer.
2/ The following assets shall be depreciated orrly under
the straight-line
method:

a) a business intangible;
b) a structural improvement;

J/ For the puposes of calculating the depreciation

deduction in relation to a
structural improvement, the cost of the structural
improvement sha.ll not
include the cost of the land on which the impr.vement
is situated.
4/ No depreciation deduction shail be allowed for the
cost of a depreciable
asset or business intangible acquired by a taxpayer
from a related,person
("transferor") when the cost of the asset
or intangible had been fully
depreoiated by the transferor.

StryIght-line Depreqiatim
II Subject to .Arlicle 25(3) and (a) of the procleLmation,
the depreciation
deduction allowed to a taxpayer for a tax year in
respect of a depreciable
asset or business intangible under the straight-line
method shall be
r:alculated by applying the rate specified
in Article 39 of these
Regulations against the cost of the asset.
2t rhe total deductions allowed, or that would be allowed
but fbr Article
25(4) of the Proclamation, to a taxpayer in respect
of a depreciable asset
business intangible to which this Article
'r applies for the current tax
1'ear and all previous tax years shall not exceed the cost of the
asset.

alue
. 1i.
subject to Article 25(3) and (a) of the procramation,
the depreciation
t, .-,,, '1 deduction all'wed to a taxpayer for a tax year
".ii."
in respect of a depreciable
\:r..
 asset under the diminishing value method shall be calculated by applying
the rate specified in Article 39 of these Regulations against
the net book
value of the asset at the beginning of the year.

If Article 25(4) of the proclamation applies to a depreciable asset for

a
tax year, Lhe net book value ofthe asset shall be calculated on the
basis
that the assert has been used in that year solely to derive
business income.
J/ If the balance of a depreciable of the taxpayer is not more than two
asset
thousand ]Jirr, the amount shall be fully deducted in the tax year
to which
the balance corresponds.

39. Rates of Depreciation

rl The rates of depreciation applicable to a depreoiable asset

are specified in
the following table based on the following categories:

Depreciable Asset Straight-line Diminishing

Rate Value Rate
Uomputers, software, 20% 25%
data storage equipment

(ireenhouses
t0%
Structural improvement 5%
other than a greenhouse

Any other depr:eciable asset r5% 20%

l)epreciable asset used in 2s% :\0%
mining and petroleum
development operations

The rate of depreciation applicabG to a businilil"t""sible ,hall be:

a) for preliminary expen ditwe,25%o;
b) for a business intangible with a useful .tife of more than 10 years,
other than a business i'tangible referre<l to in parag .*ph (a),
r0o/o;
OI

c) for any other business rintangible, r00ya divided by the useful

life
of the intangible.
J/ In this Arlicle, "preliminary expenditure,, means expenditure
t'ir.
referred to
i;:t\,,,
in paragraph (4) of the definition of ,,business intangible" in Article
)5(7)(a) of the proclamation incuned by a taxpayer before
':,q.&".,
\\h
tit
Rti commencement of a business.
the

;{'rtt$ fH
;f,t /"t"df' F?
e.{ ,{1'
 De ion on a building used partially as a business asset shall be
allowed
only in proporlion to the portion of the property used
as a business asset.

ubject to sub-article (2) of this Articie, a taxpayer shall

be allowed a
eduction for a tax year for the cost of a repair or improvement
made to a
iable asset during the year.
2t amount of the deduction alrowed under sub-article (1)
of this Article
I not e>rceed20% of the net book value of the asset
at the end of the
year.

J/ f the cost of a repair or improvement made to a depreciable

asset during
he year exceeds 20yo ofthe net book value of
the asset, the whole cost
the repair or improvement shall be added to the
net book value of the

CHAPTER THREE
LOSS CARRY FORWARI)
ard
ataxpayer has a loss carried forward under Articles
26,3g or 46 of the
rclamation for more than one taxyear,the loss of
the earliest year shall
deducted first.
2t loss may be carried forward only if the taxpayer,s
books of account
rwing the loss are audited and acceptable to the Authority.
J/ ite sub-article (2) of this Article, ataxpayer may caffy
a loss forward

the taxpayer has submitted books of account to the

Authority
showing that the loss has been audited by externar
auditors; and
the Authority has failed to audit the taxpayer,s books
of account
before the due date for filing the taxpayer's tax declaration
for the
next following tax year.
4/ hing in sub-article (3) of this Article prevents the Authority
from
;equently auditing the loss and serving the taxpayer
with a notice of
Lended assessment in relation to the loss in
accordance with Article 2g
o the Federal Tax Administration proclamation.

car Ba
the of Article 32 of the Proclamation, loss sustained in the
fo of a long term contract may be carried backward until the
loss is
a.a ted.
l*"$ittv
n'i,il:'
 CHAPTER F'OUR

44.

1l A foreign cu''ency exchange gain derived by a taxpayer shall be included

in business income.
2/ Subject to sub-article (3) of this Arlicle, if a taxpayer
incurred a foreign
cunency e><change loss during a taxyear, the loss shall
be offset against a
foreign currency exchange gain derived by tlhe taxpayer
during the year
subject to the followins:

a) the unused amount of a loss can be car"ried forward indefinitely

for offset against foreign currency exchange gains until fully
offi;et;
b) the taxpayer has substantiated the arnount of the loss to
the
satisf'action of the Authority.
J/ Sub-article (2) of this Articre shall not apply to
a foreign currency
exchange loss incuned by a financial institulion
and the amount of the
loss shall be allowed as a deduction provided
the financial institutic,n has
substantiated the amount of the loss to the satis;f'action
of the Authority.
4/ A taxpayer derives a foreign currency exchange gain or incurs
a fbreisn
curency exchange loss when the gain or loss is realised.
5t In determining whether a taxpayer has derived a foreign currency
exchange gain or incur.red a foreign currency exchange
loss in respect of
a foreign cutrency transaction, account must be taken
of the taxpayer's
position undi:r a hedging contract entered into
by the taxpayer or by a
related person in relation to the transaction.

6/ In this Article:

a) "debt obligation,, means an obligation to make a payment

of
money to another person, including aocounts payable
and the
obligations arising under promissory notes, bills
of exchange, and
bonds;

b) "foreign currency exchange gain, means a gain attributable to

currenoy exchange rate fluctuations derived in respect
ofa foreign
currency transaction;

"foreign currency exchange loss" means a loss attributable

to
cuffency exchange rate fluctuations incurred in respect
of a
forei gn currency transaction;
 d) "foreign currency transaction" means any of the
following
transactions entered into in the concl'ct of
a business to derive
business income:

(1) a dealing in a foreign currency;

(2) the issuing of, or obtaining a crebt obligation,
denominated
in foreign currency; or
(3) any other dealing in which foreign cu*ency is
denominated;
e) "hedging contract" means a contract entered into
by a person for
the purpose of eliminating or reducing the risk of
adverse
financial consequences that might result for the
person under
another contract from currency exchange rate
fluctuations.

CHAPTER F'IVE

45. @
A bank shall be allowed a deduction for a tax year
for 80yo ofits loss reserve for
the year, provided that the amount of the reserve
has been calculated in
accordance with the prudential requirements
prescribect by the National Bank of
Ethiopia and is consistent with financial reporling
standards.

ral I nles
t/ Subject to sub-article (2)of this Article,
an insurance compan y carcying
on the business of general insurance shall
be a.ilowed a deduction for a
tax year of the balance of its reserve for unexpired
risks as at the end of
the year provided the amount of the reserve has
been carculated in
accordance with financial reporting standards.

2/ If an insurance company is
a non- resident cornlrany carrying on
business
through a pelmanent establishment in Ethiopia,
the deduction allowed
under sub-arlicle (l) of this Article shall
be limited to the balance of the
company's reserve for unexpired risks in
Ethiopia.
J/ The business income of an insurance company
carrying on the business
c'f general insurance for a tax year shall include
the amount of the
company's reserve for unexpired risks deducted
in the previous tax year
under sub-article (1) or (2) of this Article,
as the case may be.
Irr this Article, "generar insurance" means
alr insurance other than life
insurance as defined in the Commercial
Code.
47.

u The taxable income of an insurance company

from tre conduct of the
business of life insurance for a tax year
shall be calculated according to
the following formula:

(A+B+C+D)_(E+F+G+H)
where:
('4'' is the life insurance premiums derived by the company
during
yeerr but not including premiums retunned to poricy
holders during
the year;
((8" is investment income derived by the company during
the year
relating to the business of life insurance;
((C" is the amount of any previously deducte:d reserves
for life policies
cancelled during the year;

'(D') is emy other income derived by the oompany during the year
relating to the life insurance business;
((E'' is underwriting expenses incurred by the
company during the year
in the conduct of life insurance busine:ss, including
.ommiusion,
paid, reinsurance premiums, risk anarysis
costs, Government
charges on the policy, and operating
expenses;
5'F
' is the additions to life policy reserves, including
the initial reserve
on new life policies issued during the year;

"G" is *re amount of claim payments under life poricies made in

excess of the sum of reserved amounts
and income eamed on the
reserved amounts in relation to life policies
paid out during the
year; and
('H" is a'y other
deductible expenditure i.ncurred by the company
during the year in relation to the life insurance
business.
2t If a company conducts the business of life insurance and some .ther
trusiness including the business of general insurance, the taxable income
c'f the company from the conduct of the
life insurance business shall be
calculated separatery from 1.he taxable
income fiom other business of the
taxpayer.
J/ In this Article, 'olife insurance" has the meaning
given to the term in the
Cjommercial Code.
 CHAPTER SIX
MICRO ENTERPRISES
48.

For the purpose of Article 82 of the Proclamation, micro enterprises shall be

treaterd as individual and the obligation to maintain books of account shall apply
to sur;h enterprises on the basis of their annual turno.ver.

CHAPTER SEVEN
CATEGORY'C' TAXPAYER.S
49. Presumptive Business Tax of Category ,C' TaxpaJers
u The presumptive business tErx to be paid by category o'c" taxpayers shall
be calculal.ed in accordance with the SCHEDULE attached to these
Regulations.

2l The annual taxable income of a tax payer shalll be assessed in accordance

with the maximum annual turnover in the inoome bracket within which
the annual gross income of til[e tax payer falls.

3l The Ministry shall revise the schedule in accordance with which the tax
to be pairJ by category "C" tax payers is arssessed at least every three
years.

4l If a tax payer who is the owner of a vehicle, clrives the vehicle he uses in
the busintlss of rendering transpoft service, the employment income tax
that the clriver would have paid had the owner employed such driver,
shall be included in calculating the tax payable by the owner of the
vehicle.

PART SIX
SCHEDULE 'D' INCOME
50.

For tlLe purpose of Article 58 of the Proclamation "income derived from casual
rental of asset" rneans gross income derived by a pelson who is not engaged in
the regular business of rental of rnovable or immovatrle asset.

$epaltriated Profit,qlg-Lermanent Establishment

The tax under Article 62 of tl'rc Proclamation on the repatriated profit of a
non-reside:nt body conducting business through a permanent
establishrrLent in Ethiopia shall be imposed by reference to the body,s tax
year.
 2t The repatriated profit of a body for a tax year shall be
carculated in
accordance with the following formula:

A+(B-()-D
where:

'6y'.)' is the total cost of assets, net of liabilities, of the permanent

establishment at the commencement of the tax year;
$B') is the net profit of the permanent esta.blishment for the tax year
calculated in accordance with financial reporting standards;
((c" is fte business income tax payable o' the taxable income
of the
permanent establishment for the tax year; and
((D" is the total cost of
assets, net of liabilities, of the permanent
establishment at the end of the tax year.
J/ In calculating the repatriated profit of a permanent establishment
for a tax
year, the total cost of assets of the permanent
establishm ent atthe end of
a tax year shall be the total cost of assets at the commencement
of the
next following tax year.

The fact of a business profit declared by a body

being less than the adjusted
business profit of the body by the authority in
accorclance with the finding of a
tax audlit, shall not affect the tax on dividend distributed
to shareholders on the
basis of the profit declared by that body.

For the purpose of Article 59 of the proclamation, tax payable

on a
capital asset disposed by donation shall be calculated
on the difference
lbetween the original cost of the asset and
the cost of the asset at the time
of disposal by donation.
2l 'fhe receiver of donation
shall be liable to pay tax on a capital asset
<iisposed by donation.

PART SEVEN
EXEMPT INCOME
 a) employment income of not exceeding five years paid to expatriate
profbssionals recruited for transfer of knowledge by
investors
engaged in exporl business in accorclance with a directive
to be
issued by the Minister;

b) income from employment received by unskilled employee

working for the same employer whether continuously or
intermittently for not more than thirty (30) days within any twelve
m.nth period; provided, however, that the tax payable on income
frorn employment received by a casual employee working
intermittently for the same employer for more than thirty (30)
days within twelve months period sha.ll be calculated only
on the
income received by that employee from the last employment;

c) for tlre purpose of the exemption under paragtaph (b) of this

sub-
article "unskilled employee" means an employee who has not
received vocational training, does not use machinery or
equipment requiring special skill, arxl who is engaged
by an
employer for a period aggregating not more than thirtv(3O)
davs
during a calendar year.
2l The exemption accorded under Article 65(1X a) (1) of
the proclamation
to an amount paid by an emp"[oyer to cover the cost of medical
treatment
of an empl.vee shall include premium paymi:'ts made by an employer
on behalf of an employee under employees, merjical insurance
scheme.

PART T]IGHT
ASSETS
f,f,.
@sitionofAsset
For the purpose of depreciation and capital gain tax,
when a registerable asset is
transferred by sale, exchange or gift, the transferor is
t.reated as having disposed
of the aLsset and the transferee is treated as having accluired
the asset at the time
the contract of sale, exchange or gift is registered by
an entity empowered to
exercisr: the function of the notarv.

56. Cost
'fhe cost of a class 'A'
taxabre asset provided i' the proclamation shall be
*djusted for inflation as determined under a directive issued
bv the
;a.j-' Minister.

If the acquisition of an asset by ataxpayer is the derivation of an

amount
that is:
 a) included in the income of the taxpayer subject to tax
under the
Proelamation, the cost of the asset is the amount so
included plus
any amount paid by the taxpayer for tlhe asset; or

b) exempt income, the cost of the asset is the exempt amount

plus
any amount paid by the taxpayer for the asset.

Transifer of share
If a share that anon-resident person transfers is related direcfly or
indirectly with
an asset in Ethiopia, such share shall be treated as having
been transferred in
Ethiopia.

PART NINE

The Authority shall determine by directive the documents

that cal.egory
"8" tax payers shall be required to submit together with their simplified
books ofaccount.

Category 668" taxpayers may voluntarily aocount on

accrual basis
provided that they comply with the requirernents
set under financial
reporting standards.

For the purpose of Articre g2(3) of the proclamation,

category o,c,o tax
payers may keep book of accounts that Category ,,8,,
tax payers are
required to maintain. The tax of category ,,o,,
tax payers maintaining
books of account shall be assessed in accorclance with
such books of
account as are accept able to the Authority.

.Notwithstanding the provisic,n of sub-article (1)

of this Article, a
category "c" tax payer employing a worker shal
keep documents
showing anv amount of employment income paid
to the employee and
any amount withheld in tax from such income.

of T'
Iror the purposes of Article 49 of the pro<;ramation,
category 0,c,,
taxpayers shall pay tax in accordance with turnover
based standard
presumptive business tax or indicator based
presumptive business tax
nnethods.
 2l Category "C'o taxpayers engaged in the business of transport
service shall
pay the withholding tax from employment income together
with their
business income tax.

61. Non applicabilitv of withholdins tax

For the purpose of Article 92 of the I'roclamation, the: Minister
shall specify by a
directive:

1l the type of services to which withholding tax shall not apply;

2/ persons to whorn the obligation to withhold tax

slLrLll not apply.

62. LYilhlotaing_qt-I'ax from D o mes tic pavm ents

1/ A withholding agent required to withhold tax under Article 92 of the
Proclamaticln shall issue a serially numbered official
receipt to the
recipient of the payment from which tax is to be withheld
under that
Article.
2t If the withholding agent is a Govemment agenay, the receipts ref-erred to
in sub-article (1) of this Arlicle shall be authenticated by
the Ministry.
Article 19 of the Federal rax Administration lF,roclamation shall apply
to
receipts relbned to in sub-article (1) of this Arlicle
issued by a
withholding agent other than a Government agency.

63. &girement to ntovide Trade License to a withholding Agent

Apart liom the re<luirement of Tax Identification Number (TIN)
raid down in
Atticle 92 sub-article (4) of the Proclamation, a tax payer shall
also be required
to submit his trade license.

64. fb-bfititv of a withhotd

1/ .Article 97(3) of the proclamation shall not alpply where
a withholding
agent required to withhold and transfer tax to the Authority
under the
Froclamation presents evidence to the tax authority
thatthe principal tax
payer has paid the tax, notwithstanding that thLe
withholding agenl. has
lbiled to withhold and transfer the tax.
lfhe provision of sub-article (i) of this Arlicle does not preclude
the
penalty imposed under Article of 106(1) of the Tax
Administration
Proclamation.
65.

I/ Books of account shall not be rejected by more reason of late

submission.
2l The provision of sub-article (l) of this Article shall:
a) not apply where the tax has been assessed by estimation because
of non-filing of tax return;
b) not preclude the penalty imposed u'der arlicle 102 of the Tax
Administration proclamation.

66.

For the Purpose o-f Article 74 of the Proclamation, the

Tax Authority shall issue a
directive on the procedure of payment of tax by a taxpayer
deriving income after
ceasing business.

PART'TEN
MISCELLANEOUS
67. Poo!91| nepreciante_assets

1/ A taxpayer who has a positive balance in er depreciation pool

at the
commencement of the Proclamation shall oontinue
to depreciate the
balance of the pool in accordance with repealecl proclamation.

2l If a taxpayer to whom sub-article (1) of this A*ticle applies

disposes of a
depreciable asset in a depreciation pool, the consideration
for the disoosal
shall reduce the depreciation base of the pool.

3/ If,as a result of a disposal a depreciable asset refbrred

to in sub-article
(l)of this Article, the depreciation base of a depreciation pool is a
negative amount:

a) the negative amount is included in business income; and

b) the pool is treated as closed and any assets remaining in

the pool
are treated as fully depreciated.

4l A taxpayer who has acquired a depreciable asset on or after the

coffirlerlceffreflt of the proclamation shall depreciate
the asset in
iaccordance with Article 38 of these Regulations and the cost of the asset
shall not be added to a depreciation pool referred to
in sub-article (1) of
1.his Article

A taxpayer who has a business loss under the repealed proclamation

that
has n.t been fully deducted under the repealed proclamation
shall
continue to deduct the loss in accordance with the repealed proclamation.
 2l Any loss incurred under the repealed Proclamation
shall not be taken into
account for the purposes of Article 26(4) of the proclamation.

69.

An exemption provided for in a Directive issued by the

Minister prior to the
commencement of the Proclamation shall remain
in force until the earlier ofi
1/ the date that the Directive lapses according to its terms; or
2l the date that the Minister repeal the Directive,

74. Repealed and Inapplicable Laws

1/ The Income Tax Regulations No. 7gl2002 (as
amended) are repeared by
these Regulations.

2l The repealed Regulations shall continue to

apply for tax years preceding
the effective date of these Regulations

71. Effective Date

These l{egulations shall apply on income
derived as of gth day of July ,2016.

Done at Addis Ababa, this day of 2017.

-_
HAILEMARIAM DESSALEGN
PRIME MINISTER OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

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