The East African Community (EAC) is one of the most integrated regional economic

communities (RECs) in Africa. It has made significant progress in achieving its objectives of
deepening economic, social, and political cooperation among its member states.

Key achievements of EAC integration include:

● Customs Union: The EAC implemented a Customs Union in 2005, which eliminated
tariffs and other barriers to trade between member states. This has led to a significant
increase in intra-EAC trade.
● Common Market: The EAC established a Common Market in 2010, which allows for the
free movement of goods, people, labor, services, and capital within the region. This has
further promoted regional integration and economic growth.
● Monetary Union: The EAC is working towards establishing a Monetary Union, which
would involve the adoption of a single currency for the region. This would further enhance
economic integration and facilitate trade and investment.
● Political Federation: The EAC has a long-term goal of establishing a Political Federation,
which would create a unified political authority for the region. This would be a major step
towards achieving a united East Africa.

Despite these achievements, there are still some challenges to EAC integration:

● Non-tariff barriers (NTBs): NTBs, such as bureaucratic procedures and technical

standards, can still hinder trade between EAC member states.
● Infrastructure: The EAC needs to invest in infrastructure, such as roads, railways, and
ports, to improve connectivity and reduce transportation costs.
● Peace and security: Peace and security are essential for economic development and
integration. The EAC needs to continue to work to address the security challenges in the
region.

Overall, the EAC is a well-integrated REC that has made significant progress in achieving its
goals. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed if the region is to fully
realize the benefits of integration.