The Jazz Age: “Roaring 20’s”

Although during the Progressive Era we focused primarily on reforms that addressed issues
that came from Industrialization, the 1920's and the Progressive Era overlap and both
represent times of a variety of changes and transitions in America.

The 1920's, also known as the Jazz Age or the “Roaring 20’s”, will focus on the transition from
a traditional society to a modern society. We will hear about a range of topics from the
concept of “buying on credit” to famous African American musicians, to sports legends, to the
invention of the radio!

Warm Up: Answer the following questions using the cartoon

the the left along with information from our introduction
documentary and our jeopardy pre-test.

1.What are the men in this photo trying to do?

2.What are the names given to the decade we are learning

about in this Unit?

3.What factors contributed to the name(s) is was given?

Major Terms, People, and Places for Unit 4

Great Migration Henry Ford F. Scott Fitzgerald
Harlem, NY Charles Lindbergh Ernest Hemingway
Harlem Renaissance Babe Ruth Calvin Coolidge
Consumerism Jack Dempsey Herbert Hoover
Traditional vs Modernism Louis Armstrong Sacco and Vanzetti
Prohibition/ 18th Amendment Bessie Smith The Ohio Gang
The Scopes Trial Zora Neale Hurston KKK
Assembly Line Marcus Garvey NAACP
Radio Flappers Disposable Income
Organized Crime Lost Generation Mass Advertising
 The Jazz Age: “Roaring 20’s”
Ohio: a smelly state that is
Politics and a Growing Economy bad at football (Go Blue)

Warren B. Harding The Ohio Gang

Who is he? Who is this “group”?

Campaign: Explain the characteristics of this group:

Teapot Dome Scandal Calvin Coolige

Albert B. Fall allowed private interest to lease
lands containing U.S. Navy Oil reserves at Who is he?
Teapot Dome in return for bribes.
Why is this a scandal (why is it wrong)?
Campaign:

Herbert Hoover
Refresh: What did Hoover create during WWI?

What encouraged businesses to form trade

associations that would voluntarily share
information with the federal government?

How did the U.S. promote peace?

Hoover made an impact on America’s economy
during Coolidge’s presidency. What
organizations did he take part in?

finds new markets for companies

Bureau of Aviation
Federal Radio Commission
 Consumer Culture
What lead to growth in the economy in the 1920’s?

Henry Ford Alfred Sloan

Model T
Henry Ford
Company: FORD _______________________________ (GM)=
Affordable due to ___________________ Ford’s Competitors
No variation of color, size, no modifications.
1908 first Model T sells for $850, by Alfred P. Sloan Head of GM (1920’s)
1925 it sold for $290 To counter Ford’s market control with
Higher wages and Reduces Hours Model T, they begin to listen to the elites.
→
1914 $5 a day (doubling their pay) Who are elites?
8 Hour work day Modifications
Why is this a good thing? Different ____________________
Introduces “_____________”=rent vs. own
This is how he accesses the middle class

Benefit: What impact did the assembly line have How did the automobile change society?
on producing goods?

What types of products became available to consumers? How did the

purchasing of good through disposable income change society?
 Consumer Culture

What is Credit? Mass Advertising

Advertisers linked products with
qualities associated with the
_______________________, such as
progress, convenience, leisure, success,
and style.
Why was there a decrease in Unions?
Advertisers also preyed on consumers‘
___________________________, such as
nerves due to the hectic pace of modern
life or _____________________ about
ones status, look, or weight.

What conditions contributed to the tough times farmers faced in the early 1920s?

McNary-Haugen Bill 1924-1928​

Govt. would boost farm prices by buying up surpluses and selling them, at a loss, overseas.

Why did President Calvin Coolidge keep vetoing this bill?

Exit Ticket

What consumer goods where invented to improve life in the 20’s.

Describe one and why the consumer “Had to buy it.”

In what ways was Radio and Broadcasting impactful on society in

the 1920’s?

What strategies did Advertisements use to persuade consumers

to buy products?
 Season 4: The Jazz Age: “Roaring 20’s”
Pop Culture and a Shift in Society
Warm-Up: Take a look at the advertisement on the left.

What product is it advertising?

What (emotional) methods are they using to persuade women to buy

this product?

Do you think this is a good advertisement? Explain your answer.

The 1920s was an era of great artistic innovation. Artists and writers experimented with
new techniques. Popular culture also changed.
Broadcast _______ introduced Americans around the country to the latest trends in
music and entertainment, and motion pictures became a major leisure-time activity.

Art and Literature

Many artists and writers were challenging
what? Chicago, IL
Greenwich Village, NY

They were searching for:

Why did many of these individuals move to

Southside Chicago (IL) and Greenwich
Village (NY)
 Pop Culture
Poets and Writers
Ernest Hemingway: Writer, _______________________
_______________________________: Those who
reached adulthood in ___________________. Used
their odd experience of life to inspire through art
and literature.
Wrote about flawed individuals that were heroic.

F. Scott Fitzgerald: Novelist

The Great Gatsby a novel critical of modern
society's superficiality

Mass Media
Consumer culture taking over​
More __________________________ time
Extra spending money allows for “extras” in life​
New technology​
Mass Media​
_____________________________________________________
People want to be glamourous like they see in the movies​! Used media
as a form of entertainment and "advertising."
Narrow focus on local interests.
Media helped to unify the U.S. and spread new ideas and attitudes.

_____________:let people all over the country listen to the same programs
like music, news, weather reports, sports, stories, political speeches, etc.,
without leaving their homes!

___________________________ dominated the national news in 1927 when he completed

the first nonstop solo flight across the ___________________ Ocean: NY to Paris

Go Sports!
Thanks to radio, sports such as baseball and boxing reached new heights of
popularity in the 1920's

Now, people all over can “watch” the games​!

Baseball​

___________________________
Became a national hero, famous for hitting hundreds of home runs.
"He wasn't a baseball player. He was a worldwide celebrity, an
international star, the like of which baseball has never seen
since."-1920s Broadcaster
Football​

Red Grange​"Galloping Ghost"

It’s a Home Run!
Boxing​

___________________________​
Heavyweight champion from 1919-1926 (Lost to Gene Tunney)
Fans went wild asking for a rematch!

Gol​f

Bobby Jones
1926 First to win the U.S. Open and British Open in the same year!
 African American Cultures
What is the Great Migration?

Why did African Americans participate in it?

Harlem Renaissance
What state is Harlem in?

Define the Harlem Renaissance.

What impact did writers of the Harlem Renaissance, like Claude McKay, Langston Hughes, and Zora
Neal Hurston, have on African American lives?

Musicians
________________________ (Jazz)​
Duke Ellington (Swing)​
Performed at the _________________:
Most famous ________________ in
Harlem
Only served ______________
customers but African Americans could
________________ there.
Bessie Smith (____________)
Blues Themes: Unfulfilled love, poverty,
and _______________
 African Americans and Politics
How did WWI have an influence on African American politics in the 1920s?

What is the purpose of the NAACP?

Brain Break
Marcus Garvey Grab your phone and come up with your
top 5 for a “Jazz Playlist”

Bio​graphy
Black Nationalist from Jamaica​ 1.
Fought for separation of blacks and whites​
Universal Negro Improvement Association​ 2.
"Negro Nationalism"
Promoting Black: __________________________
3.
Black culture and traditions
4.
African Americans could gain economic and political
power by ________________________ themselves. 5.
Advocated separation and independence from whites.
End of his career​
“________________________” Movement​
Convicted of Mail fraud and sent back to Jamaica
Failed to keep his movement alive, but instilled
____________________ in African American heritage and
inspired hope for the future.
 Clash of Values

Refresh Topic: Nativism Sacco and Vanzetti

What impact did this case have on the Jazz Age ?

KKK How did America attempt to control immigration?

What type of Culture Clash was taking place? Women in the 1920s
Women attended college​
Urged to push the boundaries to traditional roles in society​
Major contributions in science, medicine, law, and literature.​
__________________________
Founded the American Birth Control League in 1921 which
promoted knowledge about birth control.
Why? Believed that families could improve their standard
of living by limiting the number of children they had.
Became Planned Parenthood in the 1940s

Fundamentalism Scopes Monkey trial

What is it? William Jennings Bryant - Prosecutor​
Represented Creationists​
Clarence Darrow - Defense Attorney​for Scope
8 day trial - Scopes found guilty​
Later overturned on technicality​
The trial was broadcast throughout the US
Darrow's thorough examination hurt the
___________________________cause
 Prohibition

Prohibition Overview Temperance Movement/18th Amendment

A. What was Prohibition? A. . What was the temperance movement?

B. Why did supporters believe in eliminating alcohol? B. Why did temperance supporters want to ban alcohol?

C. Why was Prohibition unsuccessful long-term? C. What was the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

Speakeasies Bootleggers
A. What were speakeasies?
A. What was a bootlegger?

B. Why were they called speakeasies?

B. Why were they called bootleggers?

C. How did speakeasy owners avoid being caught?

C. How did bootleggers attempt to avoid police detection?

Organized Crime 21st Amendment

A. Why did organized crime increase during Prohib.? A. Why were Americans discouraged with Prohibition?

B. How did Capone avoid arrest? B. How did the Great Depression make the legalization
alcohol more appealing?

C. What was the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre? C. What was the 21st Amendment?