April 18,2023, L.E 31 | Chapter 11 : Amines and Amino Acids Review Questions | Direction: Write your answer on the space provided. QL.) Discuss some functions of proteins in our body. ‘Ans: Proteins are the building blocks of the body since protein is required for tissue upkeep. including development and repair. Protein is found in the hair, skin, eyes, muscles, bones, cartilages. and organs. This is why children require more protein per pound of body weight than adults: Protein is an important source of energy and a key component in the movement of certain chemicals. Q2.) Classify the following as neutral, basic or acidic amino acid. i ooocH,cHCooH : cH SCHLCH,AHCOOH wh Nth Ans: Acidie Amino Asid ‘Ans: Neutral Amino Acid 3. 4. [) -cxenoon carne KONI, Nu, Ans: Basic Amino Acid Ans: Neutral Amino Acid 6. cau CHCH EHCOOH lNoHCRHcHeCoOR NH, Nie Ans: Neutral Amino Acid Ans: Basic Amino Acid 121 Chem | General Chemistry I! (Organic) AIM, Page | 42April 18,2023, Q3.) Explain the difference between essential and non essential amino acids. Ans: The difference between the two is that essential amino acids are amino acids that are required for various processes in the body but cannot be created (manufactured) by the body. These amino acids, on the other hand, must be absorbed through food sources or other means. Non-essential amino acids are amino acids that are produced by the body and do not need to be obtained from foods or other sources. Q4.) Draw the full structure of the following: 1.) Phenylalanylserine (H-Phe-Ser-OH) ‘Phenylalanine (Phe) + Serine (Ser) CH,CHCODH + oe (Gale Nal) NH, th Phenylalanyl serine Hs Seenaceeetict Be or Hs v CHaOH He oo HoN-CH- CoH Wap we OH + S8F “HF 2.) H-Met-Pro-Val-Gly-OH Consider the structure of four (4) neutral amino acids and how they react with one another. Methionine (M -Proine (Pra) Mek) a aoe cooH CH S CHaCH, CHCODH HC NH Petting Naline (Val) Glycine (Gly ) (CHsaCH CHCaDH GHecoon NHa NH 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AM Page | 43April 18,2023, H- Methiony|-Praliny|- Voliny | -Glycine -DH GHs CHE Met Pra-Val “Gly -04) (C)zH30 Na O55) , CH, CH, lie cH Nc, HCH H-HN -CH-COH +NH— COH+ HaN-CH- Fou + HaN- FHa-FOH t g 7 Ho Met fre alle eVel Sir at i s t CH. CH. 1 bn SO pucono, => H-NHCHLE — NH- CHE NH iz CH-CHE-NH-CH,C-OH Methiany|prolinylvalinylglycine CH-Met-Pro-Val - Gly-DH) He é 8 8 5 5. Name the different structurés shown using the three-letter abbreviations for each amino acid. (Ex. H-Phe-Ser-OH) ‘ g i z ses en ba ent b sate eo CH, CH, eon tc Son, : ‘Ans: H-Asp-Val-Phe-OH ° a, pce oe H—NHCH,C-NH—CH—C ate -con ° He cH ‘Ans: H-Gly-Tyr-Phe-OH 0 Sn 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AM Page | 44April 18,2023, L.E 32 | Chapter 11 : Amines and Amino Acids Multiple Choice | Direction: Encircle the letter of your answer. 1, Amines a. are insoluble in ether. (sme lower boiling point than carboxylic acids. ¢. have lower boiling point than alkanes. d. have higher boiling point than alcohols. 2. The formula that represents an amine is.. H3CH2NH2 b. CH3CH2CONH2 ©. CH3CH2COOH. 4. NHS 3. The building blocks of proteins are a. amines. amino acids amides ammonia 4. The most soluble in water is (a hrimary amine b. secondary amine. ¢. tertiary amine. 4. quaternary amine 5. One that is considered as an essential amino acid is a. alanine b. cysteine jeucine. 4. proline 6. An antimalarial drug isolated from cinchona tree is a. cocaine b. codeine ©. morphine (arin a Coniine is a toxin in hemlock that killed Greek philosoper Socrates. The molecular @evegees formula of coniine is N Cre Nb. COHIINCOOH ¢, C8HENO2 4. COH1102N 8. Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid. The molecular formula is / \ cHscHCOOH hae aC8HN —b,CSHIINCOOH ~—_—e. C8H6NO2 (@eouno2 121. Chem | General Chemistry I! (Organic) AM Page | 45April 18,2023, Consider the structure of the tripeptide shown below to answer question 9-10 0 oO oO kerb a ca f 4 1 NUCH C—NH-CH=C—O- gueou any My ch giicsin Cy CHy Q 9. The amino acid at the N terminal is, a. leucine . phenylalanine c. serine (aici 10. Using three-letter abbreviation, the order of the tripeptide is__. a. Phe-Leu-Thr b. Ser-Ile-His (2 Yietem the d. Thr-Leu-Tyr 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AIM Page | 46April 18,2023, L.E 33 | Chapter 12 : Fats and Review Questions | Direction: Writeour answers on the space provided. 1.) Classify the following as saturated or unsaturated fatty acids: a. C1SH31COOH ‘Ans: Saturated Fatty Acid b. CL7E29COOH ‘Ans: Saturated Fatty Acid ©. CISH31COOH ‘Ans: Saturated Fatty Acid 4. CI9EBICOOH, aturated Fatty Acid e. CHH23COOH_ ‘Ans: Saturated Fatty Acid 2.) Write the names of the fatty acids given in 1 a. Palmitic b. Stearic o. Lauric 4. Arachidio e. Lauri 3.) Explain why stearic acid has a higher melting point than lauric acid. ‘Ans: Stearic acid has a melting point of approximately 70°C, whereas laurie acid has a melting point of approximately 44°C. As we can see from the two, stearic acid has stronger intermolecular forces duc to the higher number of hydrogen atoms per carbon, which causes carbon atom chain length to increase, and the higher the number of carbon atoms, the higher the molecular weight and inoreases in chain length and van der waal forces. 4.) Explain the cleansing action of soaps. Ans: Soap's cleansing activity is fucled by its polar and non-polar structures, as well as an application and solubility principles. In general, the lengthy hydrocarbon chain is non-polar and hydrophobic. The ionic and hydrophilic properties of the sodium salt end of the soap molecule. When non-polar hydrocarbons such as grease or oil are combined with a soap-water solution, the soap molecules act as a bridge between polar ‘water molecules and non-polar oil molecules. Because soap molecules have both non-polar and polar characteristics, they can operate as an emulsifier. Soap can disperse one liquid (oil) into another non-mixable one (water). This means that while oil (which holds dirt) doesn't mix with water, soap can suspend the oil and 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AM Page |47April 18,2023, dirt so they can be removed. The soap forms micelles (e.i. a tiny particle made of substances that are soluble in water and that come together to form a ball-like shape.) which trap the fats in its center. The micelle is then soluble in water, making it easy to wash away. 5.) Soap do not work well in hard waters, but they can be still effective if large quantities of soap are added to hard water . Explain why. ‘Ans: Hard water is high in calcium and magnesium ions. When soap is applied to hard water, calcium and magnesium ions in the water displace sodium or potassium ions from the soap molecules, resulting in an insoluble substance known as scum, Soap soum reduces the amount of available soap for cleaning, resulting in soap waste. It is still feasible to utilize hard water for washing by adding more soap. The additional soap will no longer be impacted by the minerals in the water and will clean just as efficiently, but you will waste ‘more soap this way. That is why soap should only be used in soft water. 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AM Page | 48April 18,2023, L.E 34 | Chapter 12 : Fats and Multiple Choice | Dircetion: Encirele the letter of your answer. I Fats are used as energy-storing compounds by plants and animals and are widely used in the food industry and in the manufacture of Soap. Fats are best described as high molecular mass_ a. aloohols (et ©. esters, d. hydrocarbons 2. The fats found in animals and plants are usually classified in 2 groups: saturated and unsaturated. Compared with saturated fats, unsaturated fats tendto_ a. contain less ester linkages per molecule (Ope at lower temperatures ©. be more abundant in warm-blooded animals. have larger relative molecular masses 3. When fat is boiled with concentrated NaOH solution, soap is formed. The reaction is described as a. hydrogenation _b. esterification _¢. polymerization (@onitoon 4, Soap molecules have ionic ends and are considered as, Che 5. The usual number of ester group in a moleoule of fat is al b.2. eS a4 6. Much of the household cleaning that was once performed using soap is now performed using synthetic b. hydrophobic. water-hating 4. fat loving detergents. A major advantage of synthetic detergent over soap is that they _ a. have a lower resistance to bacterial decomposition soluble compounds with common metal ions C. are non polar and dissolve readily in grease d. are more readily synthesized from fats and oils 7. The degree of unsaturation of a fat or oil is measurea by (@oaine numnber —b. number of carbon atoms. C. octane rating. number of hydrogen atom 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AM Page | 49April 18,2023, Refer to the structure below for questions 8-10. ° on a 8. The given fatty acid has al4 b.16 (8 4.20 9. The fatty acid is a. saturated (ont 10. This fatty acid is, a. arachidonic acid b. linoleic acid. (o}aotai acid . stearic acid 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AM Page | 50April 18,2023, Let’y Take a Break! FIX & FIT Leuilding-G Direction: Anaweryto-the different clues awe written but lettery are jumbled up. For eachanwer, 1 letter iv miming: Fiurthe answery ond fit it into the puggle: The missing letter ty your guide: " yy tT] [A Tjolplr(N[E] [Rk] fr Pp A ew ICE (LIEIE LlAlulaliic A A HH. tl R Fait ise Bla |A|P MAA fu y R Tt R TIRIr GILIYIGlERII [PELs BIT [ElA lel rc! A G TAC O(AITIE WAL s A an LAEMAH Ty [pie |olPlalz |i |r la EH OLLSHEZD! ic F LUA OAAVAL Ye & My Ee Sa lploln(zlFit ic [Alri re |W} ir R Eb NAN E A oO 7 FEI irinGrlaly airfatttetitc Ee q q| {E Hy [ple | ul PlH rc a] iP rt Tr G 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AM Page| 51April 18,2023, RW. ans 1. AREW - dissolves the sodium salt end of soap 2. DETASARU «contains all single bonds SATURATED 3. TYCRISI - CH3(CH2)12COOH 4. PELIS -3 acyl groups are the same 5. SOL - fluid at room temperature 6.CHARACID a saturated fatty acid 7.CARSE - another saturated fatty acid 8.CALIPIM - saturated fatty acid with 16C's 9.RA - blown to make soaps float 10.CARLU — - saturated fatty acid with 12C’s 11. PYROCHOBID - water hating 12.TEA — - name ending for esters 13.LECI - unsaturated fatty acid with 18C's 14. TRYCIRESIGED _ - triesters between glycerol & fatty acids 15.GLAITRYCYRESIDES —_- another name for trigycerides 16. SAF - solid at room temperature 17.OIDIE —_- number that tells the degree of unsaturation 18.NUSADUARTE contains multiple bonds 19.TRES — - with RCOOR’ functional group 20.CELLIM — - spherical cluster of soap molecules 21.ASO —_ - mixture of fatty acid salts 22.RAD soap that uses NaOH as saponifying agent 23. FOS. —_ - uses KOH as saponifying agent 24. PHYDRILHIC - water-loving 25. PONASIFACITON - yields glycerol and soap 26.CILONEL — - unsaturated fatty acid 27. TIANSETIC — - antimicrobial substance 28. POLIETICAL - unsaturated fatty 29.CAY _ -RCO- radical derived from organic acid ANS 1. WATER 2. SATURATED 3. MYRISTIC 4. SIMPLE, 5. OILS 6. ARACHIDIC 7. STEARIC 8. PALMITIC 9. AIR 10, LAURIC 11, HYDROPHOBIC 12. OATE 13, OLEIC 14. TRIGLYCERIDES 15, TRIACYLGLYCEROL 16. FATS. 17. IODINE 18, UNSATURATED 19, ESTER, 20. MICELLE 21. SOAP 22. HARD 23. SOFT 24, HYDROPHILIC 25. SAPONIFICATION 26. LINOLEIC 27. ANTISEPTIC 28. PALMITOLEIC 29. ACYL. 121 Chem | General Chemistry II (Organic) AM Page | 52