ND3361 Forward Jun 14

ND3361
SYSTIMAX
INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE
SYSTIMAX Solutions™
ND3361 June 2014

ND3361
0-2 Forward
Issue
June 2014
Developed for SYSTIMAX Solutions™ by

Cabling Science Ltd.
13 Northern Way, Crewkerne, Somerset,
TA18 7HJ England
44 (0) 1460 279927
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATIONS
COPYRIGHT© 2014 CommScope, Inc.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
COPYRIGHT© 2014 Cabling Science Ltd ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
THIS MATERIAL IS PROTECTED BY NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT

LAWS. NO PART OF THIS MATERIAL MAY BE REPRODUCED, DISTRIBUTED, STORED
IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, TRANSMITTED OR ALTERED IN ANY FASHION BY ANY
ENTITY, INCLUDING OTHER (CommScope or CABLING SCIENCE LTD BUSINESS
UNITS OR DIVISIONS), WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE
COPYRIGHT HOLDER, APPLICATION OF WHICH SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO [BOTH
CABLING SCIENCE LIMITED] AND [CommScope] AT THE ADDRESS [ABOVE]
Copyright 2014 CommScope, Inc. & Cabling Science Ltd. All rights reserved. ND3361 June 2014
ND3361
Forward 0-3
Table of Contents
SYSTIMAX PRODUCTS............................................................................................................ LESSON 1

SYSTIMAX COPPER TERMINATION ................................................................................... LESSON 2
SYSTIMAX GENERAL INSTALLATION ISSUES ................................................................ LESSON 3
SYSTIMAX FIBER BASICS, CABLE & TERMINATION ...................................................... LESSON 4
SYSTIMAX FIBER ST TERMINATION PROCEDURE......................................................... LESSON 5
SYSTIMAX FIBER SC TERMINATION PROCEDURE ........................................................ LESSON 6
SYSTIMAX FIBER LC TERMINATION PROCEDURE ........................................................ LESSON 7
SYSTIMAX FIBER QWIK II TERMINATION PROCEDURE ..............................................LESSON 8
SYSTIMAX CALCULATIONS, CABLE HANDLING AND APPARATUS ...................... LESSON 9
SYSTIMAX PRE-TERMINATED SOLUTIONS ................................................................... LESSON 10
IPATCH HARDWARE ............................................................................................................ LESSON 11
INSPECTION & TESTING ..................................................................................................... LESSON 12
WARRANTY & REGISTRATION ........................................................................................ LESSON 13
ND3361
0-4 Forward
Page intentionally left blank
ND3361
Forward 0-5
Trademark Acknowledgements
The following names are registered trademarks of CommScope
 SYSTIMAX
 GigaSPEED
 LazrSPEED
 PATCHMAX
 OptiSPEED
 iPatch

®
SYSTIMAX Solutions
 VisiPatch
 InstaPATCH
 We Tote
The following names are trademarks of SYSTIMAX Solutions:
 SYSTIMAX Solutions
 imVision
 TeraSPEED
 AirSPEED
Other Acknowledgements
This course was developed using Microsoft PowerPoint and

Microsoft Word for Windows software.
This document is for planning purposes only and is not

intended to modify or supplement any specifications or
warranties relating to SYSTIMAX products and services.
ND3361
0-6 Forward
ND3361
Forward 0-7
ND3361 – SYSTIMAX® Installation and Maintenance
Audience
This course is designed for Structured Cabling Systems technicians who install and maintain
SYSTIMAX copper and fiber products. The primary audiences are SYSTIMAX BusinessPartners and
Connectivity Solutions technical support personnel. The course focus is firmly based around staff
involved in project or installation management on site such as foremen, team leaders, senior installers
or quality control and inspection staff.
Main Course description
ND3361 – SYSTIMAX Installation & Maintenance

This course provides a detailed overview of SYSTIMAX SCS terminology, concepts, standards and
components. Methods used to install all SYSTIMAX structured cabling solutions. A thorough
explanation of copper twisted pair products, consisting of cabling, VP360 & Modular Jack cross-
connect components including the 360 Panel range and InstaPATCH Cu. Fiber components such as
OptiSPEED®, LazrSPEED® and TeraSPEED Systems, indoor and outdoor cabling, Fiber connectors,
Fiber Optic Cross-connect systems including InstaPATCH 360 are all explained. The course also
cover the 360 iPatch® Hardware and installation. Students will learn in workshops how to install,
terminate and test to SYSTIMAX warranty registration standards. Installation Quality is the key to the
course.
THIS COURSE, IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING COURSE,
CERTIFIES PARTNERS TO REGISTER SITES
FOR THE SYSTIMAX WARRANTY
ND3361
0-8 Forward
Key topics
 PowerSUM, GigaSPEED® XL and GigaSPEED X10D including 91B cables and outlets
 Cross-connect System VisiPatch 360
 1100 platform PSCAT5E and XL panels including the 360 panel range
 PATCHMAX® Distribution Hardware and PATCHMAX 360
 Modular patch panels
 InstaPATCH fiber
 InstaPATCH Cu pre-terminated solutions
 InstaPATCH QUATTRO pre terminated Data Center Solutions
 Testing of installed copper links
 Fiber distribution hardware OptiSPEED, LazrSPEED, TeraSPEED and InstaPATCH 360
 Fiber (OSP) Outside Plant cables and splicing
 Fiber Optic cable installation, connectorization and testing
 SYSTIMAX required BWP’s & mandatory requirements for the installation of: -
- Containment
- Cable Management
- GigaSPEED Twisted Pair copper systems
- LazrSPEED fiber systems
- TeraSPEED fiber systems
 iPatch Active Hardware, installation and connectivity
 Cable Management Solutions
 Current Quality, Inspection and testing issues and practices prior to site registration
 The current Do’s and Don’ts of installation to the SYSTIMAX registered standard
The course goes well beyond issues addressed in generic international

standards and is SYSTIMAX focused. You will learn:
 Installing to the SYSTIMAX SCS GigaSPEED standard
 Termination and cable management of the Modular Jack panels inc. PATCHMAX, & 1100
 Fiber Safety
 Overview of OSP (Outside Plant) preparation of Metallic, Non-Metallic and indoor/outdoor
cables
 Terminating of fiber connectors to Internal fibers
 Qwik II termination
 Splicing preparation & requirements
 Current BWP’s and Mandatory installation requirements for registration:-
- Cable containment specification for GigaSPEED – baskets, trays etc.
- Power separation to SYSTIMAX and national requirements
- Termination and Cable Management requirements ie. Cable ‘grooming’, bundle
sizes, stack heights, pair ‘lay’ & flute handling
- InstaPATCH 360 cleaning procedures
- Fiber Management i.e. when to sleeve & expected power budgets
- Grounding and Bonding topics including X10D FTP
- Cleaning fiber connectors SC/LC and MPO
 QA (Quality Assurance) & Inspection of SYSTIMAX GigaSPEED, LazrSPEED and TeraSPEED
systems pre-registration
 The common SYSTIMAX installation pitfalls & registration failures
 Recommended testing practices for GigaSPEED XL & X10D, LazrSPEED and TeraSPEED
systems to ensure installation consistency and quality
 Intelligent patching, installation, migration and commissioning of active hardware
ND3361
Forward 0-9
The theory is backed by a series of hands-on sessions that include:

 Preparation of SYSTIMAX copper & fiber cables
 Copper Installation of Modular Jack panels including all of the latest X10D and 360 products and
VP360 termination.
 Correct termination of MPS, MGS600 and ftp connectors
 Termination of ST, SC, LC connectors using EZ method to indoor fiber
 Termination of the Qwik II fiber connector
 Fiber management within enclosures
 Fiber testing and cleaning
 360 iPatch ‘Ready’ to iPatch ‘Enabled’
 iPatch panel hardware installation
Successful completion:
 Is based upon full attendance, successful participation in the workshops and feedback sessions
and Instructor signoff on ALL workshop disciplines.
UPON COMPLETION BUSINESS PARTNER

STUDENTS WILL RECEIVE A SYSTIMAX
SOLUTIONS CERTIFICATE, ‘ID BADGE’ AND
THEIR I&M AUTHORIZATION TO REGISTER
SYSTIMAX SITES FOR INSTALLATION.
This course requires re-certification within a minimum of 2 years to maintain the
ability to register and warranty sites. This is now achieved by taking either the online
SP3361R or classroom ND3361 course again.
Media
ND3361 is an instructor-led and includes hands-on workshops throughout the two* days that the
students participate in. Students will receive the ND3361 installation manual, with Reference media
containing installation videos and associated support material.
*In some regions this course may be delivered in a more flexible way.
Related courses
SP3321 SYSTIMAX Design and Engineering
SP3351 Masterclass
SP3361 SYSTIMAX I&M Re-Certification
SP7700 Cabling for Intelligent Buildings
SP7710 Security Design and Engineering (Specialist)
SP8800 Data Center Design and Engineering (Specialist)
SP8810 SYSTIMAX Data Center II Design and Engineering (Specialist)
SP8820 SYSTIMAX Data Center Solutions (Specialist)
SP4400 Enterprise Fiber Solutions (Specialist)
SP4410 Outside Plant Design and Engineering (Specialist)
SP4420 Fiber Optic Infrastructure Specialist
GL5555 SYSTIMAX Certified imVision Support Specialist
SP5602 SYSTIMAX Sales Solutions
SP6200 Wired for Wireless
Duration
ND3361 Installation and Maintenance 2 days * some regions may vary
Note
This training is 70% hands-on and LAB based. Consequently there will be a maximum of 8 to 12
participants depending upon the regional LAB resources.
ND3361 14 hrs Continuing Education Credits applied for

See commscoptraining.com for latest BICSI
allocation
ND3361
0 - 10 Forward
ND3361
Forward 0 - 11
Table of Contents
DATA TRANSMISSION.......................................................................................................................... 13
Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 13
DATA TRANSMISSION CONCEPTS ................................................................................................... 14
Unbalanced Transmission ................................................................................................................... 15
Balanced Transmission......................................................................................................................... 17
Attenuation ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Decibels .................................................................................................................................................. 20
Crosstalk. ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Impedance .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Return Loss ............................................................................................................................................ 25
Delay ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
ANEXT Alien Crosstalk ....................................................................................................................... 28
FTP and shielded cable types .............................................................................................................. 30
Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) ............................................................................................... 33
Performance and Throughput ............................................................................................................ 35
Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 37
ND3361
0 - 12 Forward
ND3361
Forward 0 - 13
Data Transmission
In this section, the student is introduced to the two types of

transmission methods (balanced and unbalanced) that are used
to support data transmission over copper wire. The migration
away from the use of unbalanced transmission methods
towards the use of balanced transmission methods has
contributed to the expanded use of 100 Ohm UTP wire. Along
with an explanation of each method, effects of attenuation and
crosstalk on transmitted data are discussed.
Objectives
1. Explain the difference between a balanced circuit and an

unbalanced circuit.
2. Describe the effects of attenuation and crosstalk and how it

is applied in SYSTIMAX cables.
3. Describe the impact that Return Loss has on transmission
4. Distinguish the different fiber types available
ND3361
0 - 14 Forward
Data Transmission Concepts
Higher bandwidth – more complex electronics – more demand

on the cable system and its installation
Trying for example to squeeze 1,000Mbps (1Gps) down a 1995

bandwidth (100Mhz) specified cable system does offer some
challenges. Dividing the 1000Mbps between each pair is one
part of the solution leaving encoding to transmit essentially
250Mbps per pair – but of course they do not arrive at the same
time due to twist ratios (delay & skew). Then what about the
transmission from the other end? This transmits simultaneously
down the same pair, so the receiver at the patch panel detects
this and its own transmit signal.
Then there is the NEXT from not just one other pair, but also
three other pairs to cope with (Power sum of NEXT). Power
sum of FEXT may also be significant as each transmitter is now
a receiver.
Return Loss - your own transmit signals being reflected to your

receiver, not just once but several or more times and at different
amplitudes and arrival times due to velocity of propagation,
distance and attenuation.
Nightmare? You bet! So you can understand why installation

quality needs to move to a different level.
T/R T/R
T/R T/ R
T/R T/R
T/R T/R
ND3361
Forward 0 - 15
Unbalanced Transmission
 In unbalanced transmission, or one-side-grounded

transmission, one of the two conductors making up the
pair is grounded at both ends.
 This type of transmission works well at low data rates for

short distances in noise free environments. However,
noise can be picked up from external sources such as the
ballast used to control fluorescent lights, pencil
sharpeners, paper shredders, etc. This noise is interpreted
as data by the receiver and causes errors.
 EIA-232, in its raw form, uses unbalanced transmission.

Therefore, if extended to long distances in noisy
environments, there may be problems.
 Traditionally the way to avoid this is to use shielded

cables, with the shield grounded on both ends, whereby
reducing the cable's susceptibility to external noise.
Interference
2 +1 2+1
TRANSM RCVR
ND3361
0 - 16 Forward
Balanced Mode (Differential Mode) Transmission
Net Emission 0
Transmitter +E -E
+2V +1V
-1V
The two conductors of a pair carry the opposite transmitted signal:

- The sum of the signals is ideally zero resulting in no net emissions
- The difference of the signals carries all the data
Balanced Mode (Differential Mode) Reception

External Noise
Noise is rejected
+N +N
+1V+ +2V
N
-1V+N
Receiver
The two conductors of a pair deliver the receive signal (data plus noise):
- The differential (opposite on the two conductors) data signal is let into the receiver
- External noise pickup is ideally the same on the two conductors (zero difference)
and ignored by the receiver resulting in total noise suppression
ND3361
Forward 0 - 17
Balanced Transmission
 A much less expensive way of avoiding external

interference is to use a balanced transmission. In
balanced transmission, small transformers or "Baluns" are
used to isolate the cable from the electronics and only
pass the difference of the signal onto the cable
 Radiated emission, or the amount of energy that radiates

from cable, is a concern. If the radiated emission (often
referred to as Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) of a
system is excessive, it may cause interference to other
services, such as broadcast television. To minimize this,
regulations (CISPR-22 for International applications) have
placed stringent maximum allowances on systems. In a
balanced system, where one conductor of a pair has the
exact opposite data signal from the other conductor, the
field generated by one conductor is virtually cancelled by
the field generated by the other conductor. This is
because the two conductors of a pair are so close to each
other. In a system that uses well balanced electronics and
well balanced cables, the EMC limits on maximum
emission allowances can easily be met
 The amount of noise picked up by one conductor of a pair

is about the same as the amount of noise picked up by the
other conductor. The twisting of a pair improves this even
more; thereby virtually guaranteeing that the amount of
noise picked up by each conductor is virtually identical.
The Balun at the interface to the receiver only allows the
difference of the signal to pass through. Therefore, only
the desired data signal is passed through and the
undesired noise is rejected. This, of course, assumes that a
high quality Balun from a reputable manufacturer is
being used
 To summarize, the use of balanced transmission with

well-balanced electronics and cables eliminates the need
for shielding the pairs as a preventive measure against
external interference and radiated emission
ND3361
0 - 18 Forward
Attenuation
Signaling Characteristics – balanced interfaces

Robust against external interference and counter magnetic
fields reduce emissions – poor installation has major
impact
Transmitter • Transmitters and

+2V +1V Receivers ‘transform’ the
signals to a twisted pair
-1V
• Some energy is lost in the

creation of counter
rotating magnetic fields
Signaling Characteristics – Attenuation
Measured in dB, increases with distance and frequency
TX RX
RX TX
Equipment Equipment
ND3361
Forward 0 - 19
Attenuation
 Attenuation is the loss or diminishing of a signal when it

passes through a transmission medium. Loss occurs in
any type of transmission medium. The effect of
attenuation is important because this primarily
determines the maximum distance that two devices can
be separated
 Attenuation in copper wire is caused by two factors:
 Copper loss, which is unavoidable and the same for
all 100-Ohm twisted pairs
 Dielectric loss, or dissipation, due to the insulation
and jacketing materials used on the conductors and
the cable
 Minimizing the dissipation loss of the insulating and
jacketing materials is important to minimize the cable's
attenuation. The dissipation factor is a relative
measurement of a material's loss
 Looking at all of the typical materials used in cables, the
optimum two are Polyethylene and Teflon®. (DuPont)
 These are the insulating materials used in SYSTIMAX
high performance cables, namely the 1000 and 2000 series.
A fire retardant version of polyethylene is used for the
non-plenum 1000 cables. Because of its low flame spread
and smoke spread properties; Teflon is used in the
plenum rated 2000 cables. The 3000 series cables use a
halogen free polyethylene compound
 Attenuation is usually expressed in dB per unit length
(e.g., dB/100 m. or dB/1000 ft.) and is a measure of how
much a signal is weakened or reduced in amplitude as it
travels down a cable
ND3361
0 - 20 Forward
The Decibel or dB’s
The Decibel
Most parameters used for defining the performance of cables
and components are specified using the decibel (dB) as a unit of
measurement. The decibel is used to express a ratio between
two voltages or powers. Since the dB specifies a ratio, rather
than an absolute value of voltage or power, it is convenient to
use. The decibel reflects the use of a logarithmic scale, which
means a wide range of voltage and power levels may be
covered using a very small range of numbers to express ratios
in dB. Below, are equations showing the relationship of dB to
voltage and power ratios.
Voltage Ratio: dB = 20 log10 V1/V2
Power Ratio: dB = 10 log10 P1/P2
Examples of relationships using the dB are:

6 dB equates to a voltage ratio of 2:1. Therefore, an audio
attenuator with a loss of 6 dB would deliver half the voltage at
the output as at the input.
6 dB equates to a power ratio of 4:1. Therefore, an amplifier
with a gain of 6 dB would deliver four times the power at the
output as at the input.
40 dB equates to a voltage ratio of 100:1. Therefore, a UTP
cable with a pair-to-pair crosstalk figure of 40 dB would
translate to 1% of the signal voltage transmitted on one pair
being allowed to couple onto adjacent an pair.
20 dB equates to a power ratio of 100:1. Therefore, an optical
fiber with a loss of 20 dB would deliver 1% the optical power at
the output as at the input.
ND3361
Forward 0 - 21
Crosstalk
Signaling Characteristics – NEXT

NEXT remains one of the most significant parameters. Poor
installation (untwist or pair separation) increases crosstalk
between pairs.
TX RX
NEXT
RX TX
Attenuated
Received signal
Equipment Equipment
NEXT ‘Crosstalk’
 Crosstalk is the amount of signal coupled into other

conductors.
 The higher (larger value in dB) the Crosstalk isolation of a

cable is, the lower the undesired coupling onto other pairs
therefore the better the cable.
 Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) refers to the undesired

coupling of signals from the transmit pair onto the receive
pair on the same (=near) end. NEXT isolation is
expressed in dB and is a measure of how well the pairs in
a cable are isolated from each other.
 Power sum NEXT (PSNEXT) refers to the undesired

coupling of signals from all other pairs into one pair.
Basically Power summation is a test method. In
SYSTIMAX SCS the name Power SUM is given to a range
of products that meets this more stringent test. The
Crosstalk performance of these products is better than
standard Category 5 products and exceeds the CAT5E
standard finally set by TIA in 1999.
ND3361
0 - 22 Forward
Signaling Characteristics – Power summation of NEXT
Using multiple transmitters may increase bit rate but it also

means increased crosstalk, higher error rates – again affected by
installation.
Three Transmitters
Attenuation
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX PSNEXT TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
Equipment Patch Outlet Equipment
Power sum
of NEXT
‘Crosstalk’
 Far End Crosstalk (FEXT) refers to the undesired coupling

of signals from the transmit pair onto the receive pair at
the other (=far) end FEXT isolation is also expressed in
dB. For applications where parallel transmission is used
FEXT is an important parameter.
 Power sum Far End Crosstalk (PSFEXT) Like PSNEXT,

refers to the undesired coupling of signals from all other
pairs causing FEXT in the same cable.
ND3361
Forward 0 - 23
Signaling Characteristics – Power summation of FEXT
Using multiple transmitters and full duplex pair signaling

places more strain on receivers deciphering received signals
Equipment Equipment
TX/RX TX/RX
FEX
fr o T
m
TX/RX oth 3 TX/RX
e
pai r
rs
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
Patch Outlet
Power sum
of FEXT
‘Crosstalk’
ND3361
0 - 24 Forward
ELFEXT
 Equal Level Far-end Crosstalk (ELFEXT) refers to the

same undesired coupling as in FEXT, but the ratio is
measured against a desired receive signal. ELFEXT is
therefore a more relevant value than FEXT, but a FEXT
and attenuation measurement will directly give the
ELFEXT value
Transmitter
FEXT
Transmitter Receiver
ELFEXT is the ratio of the desired receive signal on the receive

pair to the undesired noise coupled into the receive pair from a
transmit signal coming from the other end of the channel.
ELFEXT is the equivalent of ACR for far-end coupling.
size of desired receive signal

ELFEXT =
size of undesired noise
ELFEXT (dB) = FEXT (dB) - Attenuation (dB)
 As connectors and Patch Panels have hardly any

attenuation, the ELFEXT for connectors is nearly the same
as FEXT; the ELFEXT values are therefore useful for
cables
 Channel ELFEXT is the combined effect of cable and

connectors. As connector FEXT is a critical factor, the
channel ELFEXT is the value specified in the Category 6
standard
ND3361
Forward 0 - 25
Impedance
The total opposition to alternating current flow of a twisted

pair is called the characteristic impedance (Zo). It is the total
effect of the series resistance (R), series inductance (L), and
shunt capacitance (C) of the twisted pair.
The characteristic impedance of a twisted pair is constant,
regardless of length, but varies with frequency due to
structural non uniformities. Across the voiceband, it varies
from about 2300 Ohms at 100 Hz to approximately 400 Ohms at
3,000 Hz, with a nominal value of 600 Ohms. At frequencies
from 3 kHz to 300 kHz, the impedance varies -- sometimes
quite unpredictably. At frequencies above 300 kHz, the
impedance levels off at approximately 100 15 Ohms. The
ANSI/TIA-568-B.2 requirement for the impedance of UTP
cables at frequencies above 1 MHz is 100 15 Ohms.
Return Loss
Structural Return Loss (SRL) is a measure for the total amount

of reflected energy due to cable geometry and impedance
variation. The SRL is calculated from a measured Reflection
Coefficient, which is the ratio between the reflected and
incident voltage amplitudes, expressed in dB. Therefore lower
reflection results in higher dB values. Usually test sets include
the calculation, which allows the SRL to be measured directly.
For a well-constructed cable, the contribution to noise levels of
reflected energy is ten times lower than crosstalk contributions
to noise levels. Reflection is an important parameter for
applications using bi-directional transmission. The reflected
signal must then be low enough to reliably detect the receive
signal.
Channel Return Loss is the more important parameter

indicating the reflected energy relative to the transmit level of a
cable connected to a Patch Panel, Patch cord, and outlet.
ND3361
0 - 26 Forward
Signaling Characteristics – Return Loss
Impedance mismatches from mixed components or poor

installation (tight cable ties, bend radius etc.) increases return
loss.
Distorted
outer
Jacket
Pump
Station
Pump
TX Station RX
Pump
Station
TX RX
Distorted
outer
Jacket
Received
Signal ??
RL RL
Equipment Receive Equipment

Transmit
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
Patch Outlet
ND3361
Forward 0 - 27
Delay
Delay is the time needed for a pulse to travel through a channel.
Delay is unavoidable and will occur on any transmission
medium. For data protocols using parallel transmission
schemes however, it is very important that the delay is well
defined. In data protocols where the turn-around delay
(transmit-process-reply) must remain within certain limits, the
maximum distances can be specified and guaranteed.
Delay skew is the difference in delay when two signals travel

down a channel on two different pairs. Also this parameter
must be well defined and remain within certain limits for
parallel transmission protocols.
Signaling Characteristics – Delay & Skew

Using multiple transmitters has its own problems due to twist
ratios and velocity of propagation
Skew
Delay
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
Equipment Patch Outlet Equipment
ND3361
0 - 28 Forward
ANEXT Alien Crosstalk
 Alien crosstalk is the undesired coupling of energy from

adjacent channels
 10GbaseT includes Power summation Alien crosstalk

requirements
 Alien crosstalk occurs in cable and connectors and cannot

be cancelled by electronics
ANEXT The two main Alien crosstalk phenomena
 Alien ELFEXT (AELFEXT): occurs between adjacent short

and long channels
 Alien NEXT (ANEXT): Occurs between adjacent channels

(This is not related to the standards based 15m min CP
rule)
Tx
ANEX AELFEX
Rx Tx
ND3361
Forward 0 - 29
Virtues of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Solutions
 UTP wire is rugged and easily installed. Insulation

displacement technology, such as the 110-connector
system, can be used to terminate the UTP pairs. This
results in significant cost and installation timesaving
when compared to coaxial cables or S/FTP cables, or
U/FTP cables
 U/UTP cables also have excellent spatial efficiency or, in

other words, there is high capacity in a very small cable.
 By using balanced mode transmission and pair twists,

susceptibility to outside interference is minimized. UTP,
especially the new high performance UTP, is capable of
supporting higher data rates associated with applications
installed in today’s office environment. These high data
rates can be transmitted for long distances (100 m).
(Shielded cables suffer from high capacitance seen as
Insertion Loss) and often perform less effectively
 Another major advantage of UTP is that it is application

independent. Application independent transmission
media allows a cabling system to be designed
independent of the supported applications (
 Standards bodies now consider UTP as the transmission

media of choice.
 UTP systems are independent of grounding & bonding

issues associated with STP & FTP systems
 UTP systems are independent of power system designs

while U/FTP or S/FTP are only recommended with TN-S
designs
UTP systems do not require to pass a continuous earth from

end to end on the channel for EMC compliance
Eg. SYSTIMAX
CAT6A UTP
ND3361
0 - 30 Forward
Shielded and Screened Solutions
Once cables were called STP, FTP or SCTP but the naming
convention has changed over the past few years as different
manufacturers have attempted different solutions to try run
10G efficiently over them. Let’s look at the differences. There is
U/FTP, F/UTP, S/FTP and SF/FTP
U/FTP
U/FTP cable consists of the individual pairs being foil covered

and a separate earth grounding wire all inside an overall PVC
type plastic jacket. This leads to a fairly bulky cable. Some
manufacturers classify this style as CAT 7.
F/UTP
F/UTP cable is like a UTP cable except is has an overall foil

shield over the 4 pairs. The earth wire is included inside the foil
wrap and then the outside covering is a PVC type plastic jacket.
This is the configuration of the SYSTIMAX X10D F/UTP cable.
ND3361
Forward 0 - 31
Shielded and Screened Solutions (Continued)
SF/FTP
SF/FTP cable is even more heavily shielded than the U/FTP

and has all the pairs wrapped together in foil. Around the foil is
an overall braid before being coated in a plastic jacket. Some
manufacturers classify this style as CAT 7 or CAT 7A.
S/FTP
This is the ultimate combination in a shielded cable. Each pair is

wrapped in foil, then there is an overall wrap in braid before
the PVC type plastic jacket. This particular cable is rated by its
manufacturer as CAT 7 at 1200MHz. This makes the cable
rather large and quite expensive.
ND3361
0 - 32 Forward
Shielded and Screened Solutions (Continued)
So a confusing amount of choices when it comes to cable

construction. Why do customers sometimes want shielded and
is there anything else to take into account when using shielded
solutions?
 Shielded solutions are preferred in some European

countries. France, Germany and Switzerland have always
had a higher percentage usage of FTP mainly due to non-
deregulation of their PTT’s who would always bring
shielded cables into the building
 It may be specified in some environmental applications

such as heavy Industry to comply with IEC/EN61000-6-2
 If shielded cables are being proposed, these are

additional EGB (Earthing Grounding /Bonding)
requirements to be considered that you don’t get with
U/UTP
 Some shielded solutions (Class F) use a non-standard

plug not compatible with an 8 Pin Modular Jack type
connector. This would mean buying proprietary patch
cords. SYSTIMAX’s shielded solution uses metallic 8 pin
modular jacks.
 SYSTIMAX manufacture both U/UTP and F/UTP cables

which will run the fastest applications available today,
10Gb, with guaranteed performance and 20 year
warranty.
ND3361
Forward 0 - 33
ACR (Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio)
SYSTIMAX + Good Design/Installation means:
• Good ‘headroom’ margin

W el l
Insta
lle d Cab
le sy
• Lower Bit Error Rates
stem
Std. N • Means faster throughput

EXT
dB • Quality Video
DATA
ti on
nua
Atte
Std. yste
m
Ca ble s
tal l ed
l Ins
We l
Frequency (MHz)
Poor cabling systems, design or installation means:
• Poor ‘headroom’ margin

Bad
ly Inst
a l le d
• High Bit Error Rates
Cab
le syst
Std. N
em • Slow throughput
EXT
dB • Poor quality Video

DATA
ion • Possible test failures
nuat stem
t d. Atte abl e sy
S ed C
ly In
stall • Slow response
Bad
• Possible application
Frequency (MHz)
‘hangs’
• Possible channel failure
Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR)
ACR, or Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio, is another way to

specify cable or channel performance. The ACR value equals
the NEXT minus the Attenuation, all values expressed in dB. If
attenuation and crosstalk are given, the ACR does not have to
be specified separately. ACR graphical representation gives a
very clear image of performances.
ND3361
0 - 34 Forward
Performance and Throughput
There are many real differences between products from vendors

within the same category. The quality of the product is a
function of:
 The vendors ability, resources and investment in R&D

and manufacturing capability
 The design and specification of the system
 The installation and maintenance of the system
Throughput impairments:
 Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) and Far End Crosstalk.

(FEXT)
 Common mode signal interference
 External noise (if incorrectly installed)
 Delay/Skew
 Attenuation and Insertion Loss
 Impedance mismatch / Return Loss
Impairments are a major cause of bit errors that are measured

as the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the channel or link. Reducing BER
will maximize the throughput performance of a channel, which
is critical for today’s high speed, bandwidth intensive
applications.
ND3361
Forward 0 - 35
Performance and Throughput cont.
 Slow responses
 Longer throughput for file transfer
 Lost Connections
 Impact on analogue video may be in

distorted picture
 Impact on digital picture maybe picture

break-up/delay
CAT5e CAT6 XL
ND3361
0 - 36 Forward
ND3361
Forward 0 - 37
Summary
In this section, the two primary methods (balanced and

unbalanced) used to transmit data were discussed.
Unbalanced transmission methods were identified as working
well at low data rates for short distances in noise free
environments. The use of shielded cables was identified as the
traditional method used to overcome the problems
encountered when using the unbalanced transmission method
in a noisy environment. The use of a balanced transmission
was identified as a much less expensive method to avoid the
problems encountered when unbalanced transmission methods
are used, where external interference is a problem.
Attenuation, loss of signal, crosstalk and undesired coupling of

signals were then discussed. It was pointed out that
attenuation is encountered regardless of the type of
transmission medium used. The primary effect of attenuation,
based upon its level, determines the maximum distance that
two devices can be separated. When using copper wire,
attenuation is caused by copper and dielectric loss. Copper
loss is unavoidable and is the same for all 100-Ohm twisted
pair wire. Using insulation and jacketing materials that have
low dissipation factors can reduce the level of dielectric loss.
The optimum two materials are Polyethylene and Teflon.
These are the materials used in SYSTIMAX cables.
Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) is the critical parameter that refers

to the undesired coupling of signals being transmitted over
adjacent pairs within a cable. The coupling together of cable
pair signals is very serious because it is the primary cause of
errors in data transmissions.
For certain applications Far End Crosstalk (FEXT) and the

derived value Equal Level far end Crosstalk (ELFEXT) are of
importance. With Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio, (ACR) the
performance of different solutions can be very clearly
illustrated.
Where parallel or bi-directional transmission schemes are used,

it is important that the Return loss, the delay, and delay skew
are well defined and remain within certain limits.
ND3361
0 - 38 Forward
Crosstalk can be better controlled by using tighter twists, in the

conductors making up a pair of wires, and in the twisting of the
pairs together within a cable. The use of tighter twists increases
pair separation, which significantly improves crosstalk
performance. A patented tight twist scheme used in the
manufacture of 1061 cables allowed these cables to not only
meet, but to exceed the stringent Power sum NEXT crosstalk
requirements. With 1071 GigaSPEED cable the twist ratio is
even tighter and the high performance of the matching
GigaSPEED XL GS3 products takes the guaranteed
performance beyond CAT6 to a new level.
For 10Gbs performance the X10D U/UTP solution is available

and where customers express a strong preference for a shielded
solution, the X10D F/UTP may be positioned. Shielded
solutions do require additional installation considerations
though.
ND3361
Forward 0 - 39
QUIZ: DATA TRANSMISSION CONCEPTS
Circle the Correct Answer  True or False
1. T F Two types of data transmission methods are “balanced” and “unbalanced”

transmission.
2. T F U/FTP cable is UTP cable with an overall foil screen.
3. T F Any manufacturers patch cords can be used in a SYSTIMAX warranted
installation providing they match the same Category of the cable, panels and
outlets installed.
4. T F Impedance is expressed in dB’s.
5. T F The use of a balanced circuit is a much less expensive way of avoiding
external interference than using shielded wire.
6. T F The effect of attenuation is important because it limits the distance between
connected devices.
7. T F Power sum NEXT is the same as NEXT.
8. T F Structural Return Loss is a measure for the reflected energy of a cable pair.
9. T F NEXT is expressed in ohms.
10. T F PSNEXT is the effect of the other pairs on to a single pair of the cable
11. T F Crosstalk in a cable is made worse by tight twisting
12. T F A cable with a small central copper core will transmit further distance than a
cable with a large copper core due to attenuation.
ND3361
0 - 40 Forward

ND3361 Forward Jun 14

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ND3361 Forward Jun 14

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ND3361

INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE

ND3361 June 2014

Developed for SYSTIMAX Solutions™ by

44 (0) 1460 279927

NOTICE FOR PUBLICATIONS

COPYRIGHT© 2014 CommScope, Inc.

THIS MATERIAL IS PROTECTED BY NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT

SYSTIMAX PRODUCTS............................................................................................................ LESSON 1

Page intentionally left blank

The following names are trademarks of SYSTIMAX Solutions:

This course was developed using Microsoft PowerPoint and

This document is for planning purposes only and is not

Page intentionally left blank

ND3361 – SYSTIMAX® Installation and Maintenance

Main Course description

ND3361 – SYSTIMAX Installation & Maintenance

THIS COURSE, IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE

The course goes well beyond issues addressed in generic international

The theory is backed by a series of hands-on sessions that include:

UPON COMPLETION BUSINESS PARTNER

ND3361 14 hrs Continuing Education Credits applied for

Page intentionally left blank

Return Loss ............................................................................................................................................ 25

ANEXT Alien Crosstalk ....................................................................................................................... 28

FTP and shielded cable types .............................................................................................................. 30

Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) ............................................................................................... 33

Performance and Throughput ............................................................................................................ 35

Page intentionally left blank

In this section, the student is introduced to the two types of

1. Explain the difference between a balanced circuit and an

2. Describe the effects of attenuation and crosstalk and how it

3. Describe the impact that Return Loss has on transmission

4. Distinguish the different fiber types available

Data Transmission Concepts

Higher bandwidth – more complex electronics – more demand

Trying for example to squeeze 1,000Mbps (1Gps) down a 1995

Return Loss - your own transmit signals being reflected to your

Nightmare? You bet! So you can understand why installation

 In unbalanced transmission, or one-side-grounded

 This type of transmission works well at low data rates for

 EIA-232, in its raw form, uses unbalanced transmission.

 Traditionally the way to avoid this is to use shielded

Balanced Mode (Differential Mode) Transmission

Net Emission 0

The two conductors of a pair carry the opposite transmitted signal:

Balanced Mode (Differential Mode) Reception

 A much less expensive way of avoiding external

 Radiated emission, or the amount of energy that radiates

 The amount of noise picked up by one conductor of a pair

 To summarize, the use of balanced transmission with

Signaling Characteristics – balanced interfaces

Transmitter • Transmitters and

• Some energy is lost in the

Signaling Characteristics – Attenuation

Measured in dB, increases with distance and frequency

 Attenuation is the loss or diminishing of a signal when it

The Decibel or dB’s

Voltage Ratio: dB = 20 log10 V1/V2

Power Ratio: dB = 10 log10 P1/P2

Examples of relationships using the dB are:

Signaling Characteristics – NEXT

 Crosstalk is the amount of signal coupled into other

 The higher (larger value in dB) the Crosstalk isolation of a