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A lease consist a four part. First, there is

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2
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I: Published by ideal labour laws, Karachi. 1998. P : 6
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(Union of India and others vail India
service pensionassociat -Airl988sc -501
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A Communication Satellite
Channel Capacity and Leasing

Communication Satellite and Subsystems

A Communication Satellite is a wide band, high
traffic capacity relay with continuity of service.
The main sybsystems of a Communication
Satellite include Communication subssystem,
(Antenna + Repeater), Telemetry Command and
Ranging subsystem, Attitude Determintion and
Control Subsystem, Electrical Power subsystem,
Structure, Thermal Control subsystem and Pro
pulsion subsystem.

ADVANTAGES AND SERVICES

Communication via satellites have established

very rapidly due to its inherent advantages over
other Communication media. These advantages
include point-to-multipoint access, distance
insensitivity, rapid installation flexbility and
reliability, diverse applications etc. The services
offered by Communication satellites include
telephony, telex, television distribution and
broadcasting, data transmission, mobile
emergency Communication, radio/TV
networking, air-traffic control, teleconferencing,
distance education, medical and agricultural aids
service, business services etc.
 SATELLITE TRANSPONDER
AND CHANNEL

In a Communication satallite the repeator

subsystem perform the functions of
amplification, processing and frequency
translation for the of a satellite link is typically
specified in terms of its cannel capacity, A
channel is a one-way linkform a transmiting earth
station through the satellite to the receiving earth
station. The term channel may also apply fo
television and data circuits as well. A circuit is a
full-duplex link between two earth stations. The
capacity of a link is specified by the types and
number of channels.

TRANSPONDER LEASING

The leased satellite channel/transponder is

described as making one or more satellite
channels/transponders available to a customer for
his dedicated use on the terms and conditions
which may be setout in a lease agreement
between the customer and the (satellite)
Administration. User/Customer who leases
satellite channel/transponder from (satellite)
administration may find that afer meeting its on
needs it has excess transmission capacity on its
dedicated network and may wants to resell some
of that capacity to other users. It could collect
revenuse by charging the secondary user a fee for
a portion of its unused capacity. In international
practice there are however, some strict
porohibitions against this kind of resale, A list of
satellite operators in Asia pacific region is
attached.

Transponder Leasing

Through data compression, satellite capacity is

expected to increase at some future date. This
would create a potential opportunity to lease
additional transponder space. The analysis
projects a possible income stream for public
television of about million in 1996 growing to
about 7 million by 2000.
The leasing of any excess capacit, however, will
diminish the ability of public television to serve
its fundamental educational mission, and would
potentially displace other members of the
 nr
educational community that utilize the
transponder capacity of public broadcasting for
distance learning, instructional television, and
educational outreach.
It is assumed that all unassigned transponder
growth capacity would be leased at market rates,
which are assumed to decline to 550 per hour as
future trandponder supply increases.
To the extent that PBS has already indicated in
public comments that it intends to use available
satellite capacity for educational nerworks, BPS
believes that it could attract criticism for leasing
unused satellite capacity for commercial use.
Addtionally, PBS belives that it may be able to
generate more funds overall by leasing unused
satellite capacity to educational networks, which
would generate both leasing revenue (at
belowmarket rates) and corporate and foundation
. (1)
grants.

(1): http: www.cpb.org/library/commonbenseassums08.html.

 (Finance Leasing

^(Finance Leasing
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(1): Islamic finance, Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Karachi. Idaratul
Maarif 1998. Page: 163.
Theoratic Studies Islamic Banking and Finance Mohsin Khan and
Abbas Mirakhor Institute of Recearch and Islamic Studies 1987.
Hoston. USA. Page: 171.
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<£Li/F£-lrlf jf’b&r'Z!-dd&djt(Ta.x)iJ*jZ<z-kstlf‘
(I) : Europena perception of Islamic Banking Institute of Islamic
Banking, Institute of Islamic Banking Insurance. 1996, London,
Page:105
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Islamic and Financial Lease)

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(Financial y! J)j^(Financial Lease)yJ

1: Chitty on Contracts, sweet and max weel LTD, London Edition 24

 tyrylr^CLease)
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TV,^!: >tY<= i
Islamic Finance. Page. No. 176
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