Gerardo Sánchez Rodríguez

A01025580

Derivatives Homework
53.

1
a) The curve y = is called a witch of Maria Agnesi. Find an equation of the tangent
(1 + x 2)
1
line to this curve at the point (−1, )
2
b) Illustrate part (a) by graphing the curve and the tangent line on the same screen.

Answers:
d d
dy (1 + x 2)( d x 1) − 1( d x (1 + x 2) −2x
a) = =
dx (1 + x 2)2 (1 + x 2)2

−2(−1) 2 1
m= = =
(1 + −12)2 4 2

1 1
y− = (x − (−1))
2 2
1 1 1 1
y= x + + = x +1
2 2 2 2
1
Equation of the tangent line that passes through the point (−1, ):
2

x − 2y + 2 = 0
b)

2.4

1.6

0.8

-4.8 -4 -3.2 -2.4 -1.6 -0.8 0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4 4.8

-0.8

-1.6

-2.4
 Gerardo Sánchez Rodríguez
A01025580

54.
x
a) The curve y = is called a serpentine. Find an equation of the tangent line to this
(1 + x 2)

curve at the point (3, 0.3)

b) Illustrate part (a) by graphing the curve and the tangent line on the same screen.

Answers:
d d
dy (1 + x 2)( d x x) − x( d x (1 + x 2) (1 + x 2) − 2x 2 1 − x2
a) = = =
dx (1 + x 2)2 (1 + x 2)2 (1 + x 2)2

1 − 32 −8 −8 −2
m= = = =
(1 + 32)2 (1 + 32)2 100 25

−2
y − 0.3 = (x − 3)
25
−2 6 3 −2 27
y= x+ + = x+
25 25 10 25 50
Equation of the tangent line that passes through the point (3, 0.3):

4x + 50y − 27 = 0
b)

1.5

0.5

-2.4 -2.1 -1.8 -1.5 -1.2 -0.9 -0.6 -0.3 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 3.6 3.9

-0.5

-1

-1.5
 Gerardo Sánchez Rodríguez
A01025580

63.

The equation of motion of a particle is s = t 3 − 3t, where s is in meters and t is in seconds.

Find:

a) the velocity and acceleration as functions of t,

b) the acceleration after 2 s, and

c) the acceleration when the velocity is 0.

Answers:

ds dv
a) v= = 3t 2 − 3 a= = 6t
dt dt

b) a(2) = 6(2) = 12

c) a(1) = 6(1) = 6 a(−1) = 6(−1) = − 6

64.

The equation of motion of a particle is s = t 4 − 2t 3 + t 2 − t, where s is in meters and t is in

seconds. Find:

a) the velocity and acceleration as functions of t,

b) the acceleration after 1 s, and

c) Graph the position, velocity, and acceleration functions on the same screen.

Answers:

ds
a) v= = 4t 3 − 6t 2 + 2t − 1 1.5

dt
dv
a= = 12t 2 − 12t + 2
1

dt
0.5

2
b) a(1) = 12(1) − 12(1) + 2 = 2
c) -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

-0.5

-1

-1.5
 Gerardo Sánchez Rodríguez
A01025580

65.

Boyle’s Law states that when a sample of gas is compressed at a constant pressure, the
pressure P of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume V of the gas. (PV = k)
a) Suppose that the pressure of a sample of air that occupies 0.106 m3 at 25ºC is 50 kPa.
Write V as a function of P.

b) Calculate dV/dP when P = 50 kPa. What is the meaning of the derivative? What are its
units?

k k 5.3
a) V= 0.106 = k = 50 * .106 = 5.3 V(P) =
P 50 P
d d
dV P( dP 5.3) − 5.3( dP P) −5.3 dV −5.3 −5.3
b) = = = = = − 0.00212
dP P2 P2 dP 502 2500
Its units are m3/kPa and it is the change of volume per unit of pressure.

66.

Car tires need to be inflated properly because overinflation or underinflation can cause
premature treadware. The data in the table show tire life L (in thousands of miles) for a certain
type of tire at varios pressures P (in lb/in2).

a) Use a graphing calculator or computer to model tire life with a quadratic function of the
pressure.

b) Use the model to estimate dL/dP when P = 30 and when P = 40. What is the meaning
of the derivative? What are the units? What is the significance of the signs of the
derivatives?

The units are mi3/lb or in3/lb. It indicates the change in tire life regarding pressure. The sign
defines if the values are increasing or decreasing.
 Gerardo Sánchez Rodríguez
A01025580
When P = 30, the derivative is 3.2; and when P = 40, it is -2.4.

100
96
92
88
84
80
76
72
68
64
60
56
52
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4

10-4 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
-8
-12
-16
-20
-24
-28
-32
-36
-40
-44
-48
-52
-56
-60
-64
-68
-72
-76
-80