BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY

Main Campus
Tagbilaran City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Vision: A premier S and T University for the formation of a world-class and virtuous human resource for sustainable
development in Bohol and the country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the
professional and technological fields; undertake research and development, and extension services for the
sustainable development of Bohol and the country.

Program : Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Sem/A.Y. : Sem 1/ 2023-2024
Course Code : CE 14
Course Title : CE Laws, Ethics and Contracts
Doctorand : Rasonabe, Mary Ann Toni N. BSCE –
4B
Professor : NENITA M. ABARADO, C.E. PH.D.T.M.
Topic : Extracts from the New Civil Code: Obligations and
Contracts

REACTION PAPER

A. Summary of The Topic

The New Civil Code, a significant legal framework in the Philippines,
provides essential principles regarding obligations and contracts. It
distinguishes between obligations and contracts, with obligations referring
to legal duties or responsibilities that arise from various sources, including
contracts, while contracts are legal agreements where parties voluntarily
commit to specific obligations. The Code lays out the fundamental laws
that govern these concepts, emphasizing principles of freedom of contract,
good faith, and the sanctity of agreements. It outlines the rules for the
creation, modification, and extinguishment of contracts, including specific
provisions related to contracts of sale, lease, and agency. Furthermore, it
addresses the consequences of breach, stipulating remedies available to
aggrieved parties, and provides the framework for the interpretation and
execution of contracts. The New Civil Code, therefore, serves as a
cornerstone in the Philippine legal system, guiding the creation and
enforcement of obligations and contracts with a focus on fairness and legal
certainty.
B. Meaning
The topic, "Extracts from the New Civil Code: Obligations and
Contracts," refers to a legal framework within the Philippine legal system
that governs the concepts of obligations and contracts. New Civil Code
refers to the comprehensive legal document in the Philippines that governs
various aspects of civil law, including obligations and contracts. It serves as
the primary legal framework for civil matters in the country. In the context of
civil law, obligations are legal duties or responsibilities that one party (the
obligor) owes to another party (the obligee). These obligations can arise
from various sources, including contracts, torts, and quasi-contracts. An
obligor is legally bound to fulfill these duties to the obligee. Contracts are
formal legal agreements between two or more parties, where they
voluntarily agree to specific obligations and terms. These agreements are
legally binding and enforceable, and the parties involved are obligated to
fulfill their contractual commitments as outlined in the contract. Civil law is
a legal system that focuses on the resolution of disputes between
individuals and entities. It governs areas such as contracts, property, family
law, and personal relationships, providing a framework for defining and
enforcing legal obligations and rights. Torts are civil wrongs or wrongful
acts that result in harm or injury to another party. They can lead to
obligations to compensate the injured party for the harm caused. Quasi-
contracts are legal obligations that arise when there is no formal contract
between parties, but one party has benefited at the expense of another.
The law imposes these obligations to prevent unjust enrichment.

C. Reaction
The "Extracts from the New Civil Code: Obligations and Contracts"
reveal the legal bedrock upon which Philippine civil law stands. These
extracts signify the foundational principles governing obligations and
contracts in the country, emphasizing the sanctity of agreements and the
principles of freedom of contract and good faith. As a student, I find this
legal framework both fascinating and vital, for it underscores the
importance of clarity, fairness, and legal predictability in all interactions that
involve obligations and contracts. It also highlights the consequences of
breach and the remedies available to parties in case of disputes,
reinforcing the overarching aim of justice and equity in the Philippine legal
system. In essence, the New Civil Code's provisions on obligations and
contracts form the essence of civil law, guiding and upholding the principles
of integrity and fairness in every aspect of legal relationships and
transactions.
D. Application
As a civil engineering student, the "Extracts from the New Civil Code:
Obligations and Contracts" play a crucial role in shaping my perspective.
Understanding these legal principles is not only essential for professional
practice but also for fostering ethical conduct in the construction industry.
These provisions emphasize the importance of honoring contractual
commitments and abiding by legal obligations, which are fundamental in
project management. The New Civil Code's framework ensures that
construction contracts are based on clarity, fairness, and predictability,
crucial for the successful completion of projects. It underscores the
repercussions of contract breaches and the remedies available to
aggrieved parties, highlighting the significance of adhering to professional
and ethical standards. These legal insights are invaluable, providing me
with a strong foundation in ethical construction practices and ensuring that,
as a future civil engineer, I can contribute effectively to the industry while
upholding the principles of integrity and fairness.