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polinômios de legendre

1. (equação de legendre) (1 − x2 )y ′′ (x) − 2xy ′ (x) + λy(x) = 0, λ sendo um escalar.

2. O polinômio de legendre Pn (x), −1 < x < 1, é a solução contı́nua da equação de legendre para λ =
n(n + 1), n = 0, 1, . . ..
m
1 (−1)k (2n−2k)! n n−1
xn−2k
P
3. Pn (x) = 2 k! (n−2k)!(n−k)!
onde m = 2
se n é par, m = 2
se n é ı́mpar, n = 0, 1, . . ..
k=0

(−1)n (2n)! ′ ′ ′
4. , P2n (0) = 22n (n!)2
, P2n (0) = 0, P2n+1 (0) = 0, P2n+1 (0) = (2n + 1)P2n (0), n = 0, 1, . . ..
1 dn
5. (fórmula de rodrigues) Pn (x) = 2n n! dxn
(x2 − 1)n , n = 0, 1, . . .

6. Pn (−x) = (−1)n Pn (x), Pn (1) = 1, n = 0, 1, . . .

7. (fórmula de recorrência) (n + 1)Pn+1 (x) + nPn−1 (x) = (2n + 1)xPn (x), n = 1, 2, . . ..


′ ′
8. Pn+1 (x) − Pn−1 (x) = (2n + 1)Pn (x), n = 1, 2, . . .

1
Rπ √
9. (fórmula integral de laplace) Pn (x) = π
(x + x2 − 1cosϕ)n dϕ, n = 0, 1, . . .
0
q
π
10. | Pn (x) |< 2n(1−x2 )
, −1 < x < 1, n = 1, 2, . . ..

R1
11. (ortogonalidade) Pn (x)Pm (x)dx = 0, se m ̸= n, n, m = 0, 1, . . ..
−1

q R1
12. ∥Pn (x)∥ = ( n + 21 )−1 , onde ∥Pn (x)∥2 = Pn (x)Pn (x)dx, n = 0, 1, . . ..
−1

f (x+)+f (x−)
∞ R1
An Pn (x), An = (n + 21 )
P
13. (teorema de fourier legendre) 2
= f (x)Pn (x)dx
n=0 −1
Onde f (x) ∈ Cp (−1, 1) e f+′ (x), f−′ (x) existem.

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