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Review on Engineering Methods in Treatment of Chemical Rust

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 International Journal of
Chemical and Molecular Engineering
Vol. 6: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com

Review on Engineering Methods in Treatment of Chemical Rust

Nawfel Muhammed Baqer Muhsin*
Lecturer, Department of Mechanic, Al-Furat Al-Ausat Technical University, Alnajaf, Iraq

ABSTRACT
This review conversed about rust of machines. Rust is also known as iron oxide, which is a
red substance that results from oxidation reactions in iron when exposed to water and air as
any iron mass can turn into rust when exposed to water and air for a sufficient amount of
time and rust leads to iron weakness and brittleness, as iron bonds weaken when exposed for
these reactions, the term rust only implies the oxidation of iron and alloys that contain iron,
where other metals can be subjected to corrosion in ways similar to the rust of iron but not
covered by this term, and any iron object can be exposed to rust, and there are many different
ways to remove rust and protect iron from such interactions, and in what follows, we will talk
about how to remove rust from cars.

Keywords: Chemical Engineering, rust, machines, iron, painting, treatment

*Corresponding Author
E-mail: Nawfel.mhamd@atu.edu.iq

INTRODUCTION 2. Determine the area exposed to rust.

Rust is defined as a mixture of iron oxides
and hydroxides that form on the surface of
iron or steel when it corrodes with the
presence of oxygen and water. The layer
of rust appears in several colors, including:
red, brown, yellow, orange, or green [1].
Different colors of rust, although rust can
have more than one chemical composition,
and the term rust is used only to describe
the oxidation or corrosion of iron [2]
How to Remove Rust from Cars
Usually rust on cars causes damage to the
iron structure of the car and its corrosion,
and thus will affect the appearance of the
car and its life span, so it is necessary to
remove rust from the car if it is noticed
and treat the damage before it gets worse,
and in what follows will be known how to
remove rust about cars [3]:
1. Obtaining Permatex material containing
tannic acid and 2-butoxyethanol.
3. Clean the area exposed to rust with a
rough sandpaper, roughing the area
around the rust.
4. Get rubber gloves and a brush or
sponge to apply Permatex.
5. Wipe a thin layer of Permatex over the
exposed area. Wait (15 to 30) minutes
for Permatex to dry.
6. Add a second layer of Permatex and
wait for half an hour to dry.
7. Maintaining moisture in the rust area
for 24 hours to get the best results, type
of rust Figure 1:
Methods of Protecting Iron from Rust
The iron can be protected from rust in the
following ways [4, 5]:
Passivation
It is the coating of iron with a solid and
inert layer to prevent its corrosion. Rust),

IJCME (2020) 49–53 © Journals Pub 2020. All Rights Reserved Page
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Review on Engineering Methods in Treatment of Chemical Rust
and this layer is reconstituted again when
it is scratched, and this method is used to
convert the steel into stainless steel by
coating it with chromium tertiary oxide,
and this method is also used to protect
aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium,
and zinc.
Fig. 1. Medium rust in cars.
Galvanization
Galvanizing means coating the steel with
another metal which, upon contact with the
steel, forms an oxide that acts as a barrier
to prevent the oxidation of the steel
surface, and zinc is often chosen for the
galvanizing process. This is because it is
cheap and easy to polish, as it adheres
tightly to steel, to increase the
effectiveness of zinc, and aluminum is
added to it to form aluminum oxide, which
is a long-term protection.
Cathodic Protection
This method is done by connecting the
metal to be protected with an electrical
circuit. So that a negative electrode is
formed in it, and another metal is placed to
form the anode, (often: zinc or magnesium
is chosen), and the metal that is chosen is
very close to the metal to be protected.
Therefore, when the water comes into
contact with the metal, it is in contact with
magnesium or zinc at the same time, and
then an electric current runs between the
electrodes, and the metal remains intact
IJCME (2020) 49–53 © Journals Pub 2020. All Rights Reserved
Nawfel Muhammed Baqer Muhsin
while the zinc or magnesium is corroded
instead of it. Therefore, they must be
constantly changed.
Blackening (Bluing)
It is a method of protecting small metal
pieces from rust by blackening them (they
appear in a blue color, not black), and then
rubbing them continuously with a water
repellent oil to secure greater protection
for the metal, for example, firearms.
Lubricating the corrosive parts of cars,
ships, etc. with a rust-repellent oil
(slushing oil); this is to form a barrier that
protects the metal and discourages the
formation of rust.
Painting and Paint
Iron can be protected from exposure to rust
by painting it and coating it with the paint
designated to protect it from rust, as iron
bars are painted with this paint that
protects the iron surface from exposure to
moisture and direct water, and thus
protects it from exposure to any rust and
oxidation, and it should be noted the need
to renew the paint Every once in a while to
ensure that the paint does not peel off, and
thus water and moisture reach the iron,
exposing it to rust [6-8], Figure 2:
Fig. 2. Rust of machines.
Removing Rust Stains
Here are some guidelines for successfully
eliminating rust stains [8-12] :
Page 50
 International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering
Do not apply washing bleach (chlorine) to
the stain; because it can boost it instead of
alleviate it. When using a commercial
product to remove rust, you must adhere to
the instructions on the package. Before
trying to remove rust stains, you must
know the nature of the material that you
have contaminated with, and it is
preferable not to try to clean delicate
fabrics and send them to laundries that
specialize in removing stains, and these
fabrics include: natural and synthetic silk,
acetate silk, and plastics supported with
glass fibers (fiberglass):
1. Soak the area of the stain with lemon
juice with added table salt, and leave it
for twenty-four hours with the addition
of more lemon to keep the area moist,
then rinse the stain with cold water
without rubbing it, and repeat the
process if necessary.
2. Soak the stain with a mixture
consisting of a quarter of a tablespoon
of Dishwashing liquid is dissolved in a
cup of warm water and left for five
minutes until the surfactants react with
the stain and work to remove rust
particles, then the stain is wiped with a
clean white cloth or paper towel, and
rinsed with cold water, and the process
is repeated until it is disposed of from
the spot.
3. To remove the rust from stainless steel,
the stain is rubbed with fine sandpaper,
then rubbed with a slice of onion,
washed with hot water and dried well.
To remove the rust stains from
ceramics and porcelain, rub with a
piece of damp pumice stone; however,
this method is not suitable for ceramic
cookware. Because it will be exposed
to scratching, and the stain can be
rubbed with a paste made of borax and
lemon juice, and left to dry, then rinse
with water, dry well, and repeat the
process if necessary'.
IJCME (2020) 49–53 © Journals Pub 2020. All Rights Reserved
Vol. 6: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
4. Use abrasive tools to remove the rust.
This method requires a lot of effort,
but you can remove rust efficiently by
scraping it. Use tools in your garage, or
tools rented from the hardware store.
5. Metal cleaning wires can be used, and
you might already find them in your
home.
6. Use an electric smoothing tool to
remove rust from large surfaces.
Always start with the maximum
smoothing and then move to the lowest
grades to reduce the roughness of the
metal.
7. Any metal tool can be used to scrape
the metal, but use fine sandpaper
afterward to remove the marks the
friction may have left.
The Chemical Reaction Forming the
Rust:
Rust is an electrochemical reaction; That
is, iron changes chemically by the flow of
electric current in the water, and rust forms
more quickly if the water is salty. Because
salt water contains ions that accelerate the
conduction of electricity, the following is
an explanation [13-16] of the stages of rust
formation:
1. Iron interacts with oxygen to form iron
dioxide ions (Fe + 2).
2. The oxygen reacts with the water to
form hydroxide (OH-) ions. Iron
dioxide reacts with the hydroxide in
the presence of oxygen to form iron
dioxide (Fe (OH)2).
3. Iron dioxide reacted again with oxygen
to form aqueous iron III oxide
(Fe2O3.xH2O), known as rust, in
addition to water.
Aluminum foil (tin foil) for rust removal
and an easy and low cost basket for
removing [17-19] rust from chrome.
Aluminum foil reacts with rust chemically,
which leads to easy rust removal on
chrome[20-22]. Also, one of the
advantages of aluminum foil is that it does
Page 51
Review on Engineering Methods in Treatment of Chemical Rust Nawfel Muhammed Baqer Muhsin

not leave scratches on chrome surfaces. Mahmood Aljamali. Review on

Before using aluminum foil (tin) for Photoelectrical Cells and (Chemo-
scrubbing, clean the chrome surface well Engineering)-Treatment of Corrosion
with a cloth and soap, Figure 3 types of in Machines. International Journal of
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[3] Metz, Cade (2016-03-14). "The Epic
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[4] Nawfel Muhammed Baqer Muhsin,
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"Shipping Rust in Firefox, Mozilla
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and oxygen with the influence of moisture, ,Hayder H K, Noor H. D ,Nagham
and some people face difficulty in the Mahmood Aljamali. 2019.
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Vol. 6: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com

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Cite this Article: Nawfel Muhammed Baqer Muhsin. Review on

Engineering Methods in Treatment of Chemical Rust. International Journal
of Chemical and Molecular Engineering. 2020; 6(2): 49–53p.

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