End of Unit Quiz – Unit 2.

1 Algorithms
1.
a. How is decomposition used when thinking computationally?

b. A theme park uses a 3D computer simulation of a rollercoaster. Riders must wear a

virtual reality headset to experience the ride.

Using examples from this scenario, explain what is meant by abstraction.

2.
ai. The array people contains the values:

[“Imogen”, “Fletcher”, “Kirstie”, “Zoe”, “Gavin”]

What is the reason why this array could not be searched using a binary search?

aii. Once the issue identified in part (i) has been resolved, describe the steps that
would be taken to search the array for the value “Fletcher” using a binary search.

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 bi. The algorithm below uses a different method to search through the array for a
name.

Fill in the gaps to complete the algorithm.

array people[5]
people = [“Imogen”, “Fletcher”, “Kirstie”, “Zoe”, “Gavin”]
found = False
x = 0
searchfor = input(“enter a name to search for : “)
while found = False ………… x <5

………………

bii. What is the name of this searching algorithm?

c. A user has a database of 100,000 people and needs to search through to find one
particular person.

Compare the efficiency of both searching algorithms covered in parts (a) and (b)
for a data set of this size.

3.
ai. A programmer has a list of numbers in an array called scores, as shown below:

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 17 9 4 -12 3 39

When setting up a bubble sort algorithm for these numbers, the programmer uses a
variable called swaps which can either be True or False.

What is the data type of the variable swaps?

aii. How would the programmer use this variable when implementing the bubble sort?

b. One section of the bubble sort algorithm used by the programmer is shown below:

if scores[x] > scores [x] + 1 //if scores in wrong order

scores[x] = scores[x+1
numbers over

What is the error that is contained in the code above? Give a corrected version.

c. How would an insertion sort algorithm arrange the numbers in the scores array
into order?

d. What is the name of one other sorting algorithm?

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 e. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of using a bubble sort?

4. A school divides students into house groups based on the month that they were born in.
Students born in January, February, March or April are put into Needwood house. Students
born in May, June, July or August are put into Marchington House. All other students are
put into Trent house.

Using pseudocode, write an algorithm that will:

 Ask the user to enter a number (1 to 12) relating to their birth month
 Decide which house they are in and print this out.
 Keep a running total of how many students are in each house.
 Repeat the above for 20 students.
 When 20 students have entered their details, print out how many students are in
each house.

5.

num = 7

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 Draw a flowchart version of this algorithm.

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 6. Complete the following table to describe the use of each of the following flow chart
symbols.

Symbol Explanation of use

7. A car dealer uses the following algorithm to determine the price to charge for cars.

01 p = input(“purchase price of car”

Work out the output value with the following inputs:

ai. p = 1000, i = 2, a = 12

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 aii. p = 5000, i = 3, a = 10

aiii. p = 8000, i = 0, a = 5

b. rewrite line 06 so that the + operator is not used.

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Answers
1.
a. How is decomposition used when thinking computationally?

Used to break down a (complex) problem…

…into small parts / component parts
these parts are easier to solve / understand than the larger problem.

b. A theme park uses a 3D computer simulation of a rollercoaster. Riders must wear a

virtual reality headset to experience the ride.

Using examples from this scenario, explain what is meant by abstraction.

a representation of a concept / object / thing…

…in this case, the rollercoaster.

Picks out the important / relevant parts / components / ideas / details…

…in this scenario, the track / rider / car / physics / etc.
.
Ignores details which are not important / relevant…
…in this scenario, the queues / weather / smells / etc.

2.
ai. The array people contains the values:

[“Imogen”, “Fletcher”, “Kirstie”, “Zoe”, “Gavin”]

What is the reason why this array could not be searched using a binary search?

Values are not in (alphabetical) order.

aii. Once the issue identified in part (i) has been resolved, describe the steps that
would be taken to search the array for the value “Fletcher” using a binary search.

Array when sorted will be [“Fletcher”, “Gavin”, “Imogen”, “Kirstie”, “Zoe”].

Take the middle value and compare it to the item to be searched for…
….in this case, compare “Fletcher” (search data) to “Imogen”.
Stop / return value / if data found.
Discard everything above this if the search data is smaller / discard everything
below this if the search data is larger.
…in this case, “Fletcher” is smaller (alphabetically) than “Imogen” so discard top
half of array.
Repeat / recursively call search routine again on remaining values in array.

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 bi. The algorithm below uses a different method to search through the array for a
name.

Fill in the gaps to complete the algorithm.

array people[5]
people = [“Imogen”, “Fletcher”, “Kirstie”, “Zoe”, “Gavin”]
found = False
x = 0
searchfor = input(“enter a name to search for : “)
while found = False AND x <5

Endwhile

bii. What is the name of this searching algorithm?

Linear (search).

c. A user has a database of 100,000 people and needs to search through to find one
particular person.

Compare the efficiency of both searching algorithms covered in parts (a) and (b)
for a data set of this size.

Linear search compares each value in turn.

Worst case scenario, 100,000 comparisons / all values checked.
Binary search splits size of list in half each time / uses divide and conquer.
Worst case scenario, many fewer comparisons (approx. 17 comparisons).
Binary search is more efficient / linear search is less efficient.

3.
ai. A programmer has a list of numbers in an array called scores, as shown below:

17 9 4 -12 3 39

When setting up a bubble sort algorithm for these numbers, the programmer uses a
variable called swaps which can either be True or False.

What is the data type of the variable swaps?

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 Boolean.

aii. How would the programmer use this variable when implementing the bubble sort?

Initialised to False at the start of the algorithm.

If pairs of numbers are swapped, set to True.
When all numbers have been compared, check again…
… if swaps is True, repeat algorithm / process again
…setting swaps back to False.

b. One section of the bubble sort algorithm used by the programmer is shown below:

if scores[x] > scores [x] + 1 //if scores in wrong order

scores[x] = scores[x+1
numbers over

What is the error that is contained in the code above? Give a corrected version.

Error
numbers are not swapped correctly / scores[x] will be overwritten
Correction (eg..)
temp = scores[x]
scores[x] = scores[x+1]
scores[x+1] = temp

c. How would an insertion sort algorithm arrange the numbers in the scores array
into order?

Take first number (17) as a sorted list by itself.

Look at next number (9) and insert into the correct place…
…method for doing this (either repeatedly swapping until in right place or
comparing against number in sorted list and moving).
Continue until last number is processed / repeat for each number in the list.

d. What is the name of one other sorting algorithm?

Merge sort.

e. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of using a bubble sort?

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 Advantage : easier / simpler / faster to implement (than other sorting algorithms).
Disadvantage : Less efficient / takes longer to run (than other sorting algorithms.

4. A school divides students into house groups based on the month that they were born in.
Students born in January, February, March or April are put into Needwood house. Students
born in May, June, July or August are put into Marchington House. All other students are
put into Trent house.

Using pseudocode, write an algorithm that will:

 Ask the user to enter a number (1 to 12) relating to their birth month
 Decide which house they are in and print this out.
 Keep a running total of how many students are in each house.
 Repeat the above for 20 students.
 When 20 students have entered their details, print out how many students are in
each house.

Initialising variables at the start for count of students in three houses

Suitable loop that repeats 20 times
Inputting the birth month as a number
Printing out message AND adding 1 to counter if birth month is between 1 and 4
Printing out message AND adding 1 to counter if birth month is between 5 and 8
Printing out message AND adding 1 to counter if birth month is between 9 and 12
Printing out totals for all three counters at the end.

Example:

N = 0
M = 0
T = 0
FOR x = 1 to 20
INPUT birthnum
IF birthnum = 1 or birthnum = 2 or birthnum = 3 or birthnum = 4
THEN
print “Needwood house”
N = N + 1
ELIF birthnum = 5 or birthnum = 6 or birthnum = 7 or birthnum = 8
THEN
print “Marchington house”
M = M +1
ELIF birthnum = 9 or birthnum = 10 or birthnum = 11 or birthnum =
12 THEN
print “Trent house”
T = T + 1
ENDIF
print N, M, T

Must be pseucodode, not flowchart (asked in ).

Mark for loop only given if correct code is inside/outside the loop. Accept WHILE / DO loop
as long as it repeats 20 times.

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 Only allow use of ELSE for between 9 and 12 if suitable validation is used to restrict
answers to between 1 and 12.
Allow ECF for 4th and 5th bullet points if something is not correct with 3rd bullet point.

5.

num = 7

Draw a flowchart version of this algorithm.

Start and end symbols (both present and correct shape)

num initially given value 7

x initially given value 1
outputting the result of x* num (even if previous steps missed)
Deciding whether to loop again correctly (ie if not yet looped 7 times)
…incrementing x by 1 if appropriate
… looping to the correct position in the algorithm if appropriate
…stopping if at end of loop / already repeated 7 times

correct shapes for flowchart symbols must be used.

Decision box must be labelled up with at least one of YES/NO (allow BOD if only 1
labelled).
Allow different variable names as long as the algorithm would logically work.

6. Complete the following table to describe the use of each of the following flow chart
symbols.

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 Symbol Explanation of use
Process
Used to work out calculations / assignment / instructions that have
no input or output
Suitable example (eg x = x + 7)

Input / output
Used to get information from /give information to the user
Suitable example (eg print “hello”)

Decision
Used to make yes/no decisions/choices
Suitable example (eg IF x > 10)

Terminator / start / stop symbol

Used at the very beginning / very end of the program / algorithm.

7. A car dealer uses the following algorithm to determine the price to charge for cars.

01 p = input(“purchase price of car”

Work out the output value with the following inputs:

ai. p = 1000, i = 2, a = 12

1200

aii. p = 5000, i = 3, a = 10

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 10600

aiii. p = 8000, i = 0, a = 5

16000

b. rewrite line 06 so that the + operator is not used.

S=s*2

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