11/28/23

Gavin Hagerty
World History
Ch 9-10 Study Guide

Answer the following questions, define the terms, or identify the people for their
accomplishments.

9-1
What was a wergild?
The amount of compensation paid by a person committing an offense to the
injured party or, in case of death, to his family.
Who was Charlemagne and why was he important?
United most of central and Western Europe for the first time since the fall of the
Roman Empire.
What was the physical trial a person accused of a crime had to endure?
Trial by water.
What role did nuns play in Christianity?

Helped care for poor and sick people.

Who was the Frankish leader who defeated the Muslims in 732?

Charles Martel.

Who was Saint Benedict and what did he establish?

A religious reformer who lived in Italy in the late 400s and early 500s. He is known
as the “father of Western monasticism,” having established a Rule that would
become the norm for innumerable Christian monks and nuns. He is the patron
saint of Europe.

9-2

Who were the Vikings and why were they feared?

Norse seafarers that dominated trade in Northern Europe between the 8th and
11th centuries, the Vikings were known for their seafaring and raiding abilities.
What was feudalism?

A system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher
rank, and worked and fought for them in return.

What role did knights play in feudalism and the military?

Law enforcement officers of the local lord's court or that of the queen.

9-3

William of Normandy

Before he became the king of England, William I was one of the mightiest nobles
in France as the duke of Normandy.

Magna Carta

He first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his
government was not above the law.

Alfred the Great

Alfred the Great (849-899) was the most famous of the Anglo-Saxon kings.

9-4

The Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims
started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups.
In all, eight major Crusade expeditions—varying in size, strength and degree of
success—occurred between 1096 and 1291.

Ch 10-1

Carruca

A kind of heavy plow important to medieval agriculture in Northern Europe.

10-2

The Inquisition

The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out
and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas.

What were relics and why were they important to the Church?

Within medieval European Christian belief systems, relics were considered by

many to be incredibly potent objects that provided a closer relationship to the
holy, offering a direct path to martyrs (people killed for their religious beliefs) and
other saints, and, through these saints, to Jesus Christ himself.

10-3

What was the Gothic style?

Vikings were the Norse who went West, and the Goths were East Germanic.

What type of language was known as vernacular?

Everyday language, including slang, that's used by the people.

10-4

The Black Death

Plague (as bubonic plague) caused by a bacterium and especially in the epidemic
form that spread through Asia and Europe in the 14th century.

How did the nature of warfare change in the Hundred Years’ War?

The reliance on feudal levies diminished, making way for more professionalized,
standing armies.