Name:__________________________

Date:___/___/______
ENS-14
ENGLISH: Para/Theme Completion, F-I-J
ADAPTIVE: Topic Level SWOT

PRE-CLASS:
Read the topics from
Concept Book +
Attempt Solved Examples

CLASS:
Concept Discussion
Class Sheet-L1 + Discussion
Class Sheet-L2 + Discussion

If Score If Score in Home Sheet-L1 < 23

HOME:
in Class
Home Sheet-L1 +
Sheet-L2
Evaluation
≥ 37
Revise Topic & attempt exercise from
If Score in Home Concept Book
Sheet-L1 ≥ 23 Practice from Topic-wise Test Book
Revise Class Sheet & Discussion
HOME:
Home Sheet-L2 +
Topic SWOT Level on Cover
Page & in ADAPTIVE Chart

Well done on taking

Another Step towards
cracking the CAT

Please tick your final level in this topic below and update it on the ADAPTIVE CARD provided to you. If you are a serious
CAT aspirant, this is the most important aspect for your improvement.

Needs lot of
Very Good Good Must Improve
HOME SHEET-L2 effort
(Strength) (Opportunity) (Threat)
(Weakness)

Score (+3 for right, -1 for wrong) ≥ 37 >24 to 37 >12 to 24 Upto 12

 English-Reasoning
(Para/Theme Completion, F-I-J)
CLASS SHEET L1
Time: 25 minutes

ALL questions in CLASS SHEET are to be discussed in the class; no solutions will be provided for the same.
You may discuss the doubts etc. of the Home Sheet in the next session.

Directions for questions 1 to 5: There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the
paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
1. Sentence: He mounted on horseback and rode to a country dwelling house of his own.
Paragraph: _________(1)________. Suddenly he heard the voice of a woman seeming to cry out of fear
and pain. _________(2)________. He looked amazedly around him, and out from nowhere he saw a
young lady come running towards him. _________(3)________. _________(4)________
___________________________________________. Two fierce bloodhounds also followed swiftly
after.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

2. Sentence: With the ‘The Da Vinci Code’, Dan Brown masterfully concocts an intelligent and lucid
thriller.
Paragraph: _________(1)________. A murder in the Louvre museum reveals a sinister plot to uncover a
secret that has been protected by a clandestine society since the days of Christ. _________(2)________.
The victim is a high-ranking agent of this ancient society who, in the moments before his death, manages
to leave gruesome clues at the scene that only his granddaughter and a famed symbolist can unveil.
_________(3)________.Brown has created a page-turning thriller that also provides an amazing
interpretation of Western history. _________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

3. Sentence: Private institutions should have the right to plough their profits into any other venture they
choose.
Paragraph: _________(1)________.Keeping fee structures stagnant will hamper private schools from
offering the cutting edge facilities that most parents demand for their wards. _________(2)________.It
also prevents a successful branch of a school from using its profits to open another.
_________(3)________.Everyone would concur that it is a win-win strategy for both the institution and
the society. _________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4
4. Sentence: Acknowledge your unmet needs and meet them for yourself.
Paragraph: _________(1)________. The following three sayings will help you see your life through new
eyes. _________(2)________.Stop coping in habitual ways. _________(3)________.Stay with the
discomfort of moving past old meanings and reactions to life’s new experiences. _________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4
5. Sentence: The life of an officer in the army is well known.
Paragraph: _________(1)________.The army was stationed in a little town of Uttaranchal.
_________(2)________. In the morning, drill and the riding school; lunch with the Colonel at the mess;
in the evening, punch and cards. _________(3)________.There was not one open house, not a single pub
or restaurant. _________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

Roots Education 2 ENS14

Directions for questions 6 to 10: The last sentence of each of the following short paragraphs has been
removed. From the options, choose the one that best completes the corresponding paragraph.

6. The 2007 New York International Auto Show (NYIAS) starts on Friday, with just about every automaker
from around the world gathering to show off its latest products. The show in West Manhattan is the last
major event in the annual motoring calendar on US soil. Visitors this year are in for a visual treat of the
steel kind as more than 20 manufacturers have chosen this year’s show for debut of a large number of
brand new vehicles in their stable.
A] A lot of focus this year, for instance, is on the three mini car concepts unveiled by General
Motors under Chevrolet badge, known as the Beat, Trax and Groove.
B] The last event of such magnitude was held in Spain last month.
C] General Motors’ best selling Sedan, will make an appearance once again.
D] The new manufacturers entering the show include Toyota and Suzuki, among a host of other
European ones.

7. The poorest people in the world will be hardest hit by the effects of climate change, experts at a major
conference on global warming have said. The warning came ahead of the publication of a key report on
climate change by hundreds of environmental experts from around the world. Agreement on the report
was reached after days of debate in Brussels.
A] And the report’s findings were announced in Copenhagen.
B] The report concludes that climate change is already having major impacts on the natural world,
including that on human societies.
C] The rich people will be relatively less affected by the phenomena as they can afford the resources
to overcome the changes or adapt to them.
D] Evidence showed that climate change was having a direct impact on animals, plants and water.

8. India’s government has lifted a freeze on the acquisition of land to set up Special Economic Zones (SEZ).
A temporary ban was imposed in January after widespread protests by farmers who said they were not
being properly compensated for lost farmland. The idea of these tax-free zones stems from China, as a
way to promote trade.
A] But it is probably not the best way to promote trade since it is biased against the farmers.
B] The initiative has inspired huge interest among would-be developers but has also prompted
resistance from rural communities.
C] China, however, has a communist regime unlike the Indian democracy where even a single
individual can stall a national level project.
D] The government has now decided to limit the land acquisition for a single SEZ to 5000 hectares.

9. Nanotechnology opens the door to unlimited possibilities, from computers that are faster than modern
supercomputers, to communication media that are unimaginable today. It may eventually lead to new
materials that are stronger, lighter and cheaper to make.
A] And hence, it can do to science what Picasso did to art.
B] It is surprising as to how we had missed out on the marvels of nanotechnology until recently.
C] The future of mankind is thus not only safe and secure but also brighter.
D] It is expected to influence nearly every industry from computing and biotech to manufacturing
and energy.

Roots Education 3 ENS14

10. Top Gear host Jeremy Clarkson has come under attack in the Malaysian parliament for labelling one of
the country’s cars the worst in the world. The BBC presenter has been filmed attacking the Perodua
Kelisa with a sledgehammer before blowing it up. But minister Abdul Raman Suliman defended the
nation’s car industry.
A] He added that the comments were made merely to boost sales of the Top Gear magazine.
B] He said that Mr. Clarkson was like a football commentator who cannot play football.
C] Perodua had not received a single complaint from UK owners, he told MPs.
D] The UK automobile manufacturers should first set their house in order, he remarked.

Directions for questions 11 to 15: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each
statement can be classified as one of the following.
• Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery
or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘F’)
• Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option
indicates such a statement with an ‘I’)
• Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and
occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a ‘J’)
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements
11. A. The largest cat of the Americas, the jaguar, is a formidable beast.
B. The Yanomami Indians call it the ‘Eater of Souls’, due to the belief that it consumes the spirits of
the dead.
C. Jaguars can live for 11-12 years in the wild and 20 years in captivity.
D. The wildlife enthusiasts should take this into account before crying hoarse.
A] JJFF B] JFFJ C] JJFI D] FJFI

12. A. Rahul “The Wall” Dravid has not earned his nickname for no reason.
B. Mr. Consistent has notched up yet another double hundred against the Kiwis at Motera.
C. With an average of close to 55 after 72 tests, he is one of the most consistent batsmen around.
D. Mathew Hayden showed with his triple ton against Zimbabwe that he too is right up there.
A] JFIJ B] JFII C] JJJJ D] IFJJ
13. A. Media coverage had been, by and large, vicious.
B. It was said that her career was virtually over.
C. Sridevi, and later, in the late eighties, Madhuri Dixit, were clearly better actresses.
D. Angarey was reportedly the sign of her descent into oblivion via B-grade films.
A] JFJF B] FFJF C] JFII D] JJJI

14. A. Democracy thrives on freedom of expression.

B. India is the world’s largest democracy in terms of population.
C. It is also one of the most successful ones.
D. Where else can one simply sit back, criticize everything, do nothing and then complain that
nothing is improving?
A] FJFI B] JJIF C] JFIJ D] JFJJ
15. A. Unless the creditors allow us to postpone the payment of interest, we will not be able to show a
profit this year.
B. This would not have happened, had we been a little more careful while taking loans.
C. Our revenues this year have been far below the forecast.
D. This experience shows that we will have to be more careful while borrowing money in the future
if we want to register profits.
A] FFFI B] JFIF C] FFFF D] FJFI

Roots Education 4 ENS14

 English-Reasoning
(Theme Completion, Out-of-Context)
CLASS SHEET L2
Time: 40 minutes

ALL questions in CLASS SHEET are to be discussed in the class; no solutions will be provided for the same.
You may discuss the doubts etc. of the Home Sheet in the next session.

Directions for questions 1 to 14: There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the
paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.

1. Sentence: In frozen tundra or blistering desert, they are the difference between a good ride and a bad
one.
Paragraph: _________(1)________. Out on the road, Moto Clothes are your roof, your air-conditioning,
and your heater. _________(2)________.The functionality, design and style are 100% Harley-Davidson.
_________(3)________.For 100 years we have been out there, in the thick of the road.
_________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

2. Sentence: However, its aspirations to become Asia's next economic miracle look unrealistic without a
government push on privatization and infrastructure, experts say.
Paragraph: _________(1)________.India forecasts seven percent growth and its markets are booming.
_________(2)________.The stock markets have surged with foreign investors drawn to India’s growth
story. _________(3)________.Foreign exchange reserves have crossed 90 billion dollars.
_________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

3. Sentence: He had to be awakened by a government inspector who was travelling in the cockpit.
Paragraph: _________(1)________.A pilot for Japan’s All Nippon Airways fell asleep at the controls
while on a domestic flight. _________(2)________.A spokesman for the airline said that the 50-year-old
pilot dozed off for a couple of minutes. _________(3)________.The spokesman further said that there
was no danger to passengers since the plane was on auto-pilot and the co-pilot was also present.
_________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

4. Sentence: Call centre employees are apparently hardly bothered as to who will decide on policies that
affect them.
Paragraph: _________(1)________.Business process outsourcing may be the biggest thing to have hit
the Indian economy in the last couple of years. _________(2)________.But, an average call centre
employee’s attitude to politics and elections is a shrug-off. _________(3)________.The Gallup-India
times survey shows this is one bunch of citizens that is not flocking to cast its vote.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

5. Sentence: One way to approach the problem is to ‘identify the passion’.

Paragraph: _________(1)________.You want to work hard and make a career for yourself.
_________(2)________. But sometimes your vision gets cloudy and you wonder whether the career path
you are treading is the right one. _________(3)________.The other is to identify all the things you
definitely don’t want to be and make sure no one forces you into them. _________(3)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

Roots Education 5 ENS14

6. Sentence: As a result, hospitals have to treat large numbers of uninsured patients in the emergency rooms
which often become an economic drain on the hospitals even as insured patients requiring emergency care
have to be turned away.
Paragraph: _________(1)________.The need to reroute seriously ill patients because the community’s
critical-care beds are full is not good news. _________(2)________.Earlier this week, four of the six local
hospitals ran out of space for the critically ill and had to turn people away. _________(3)________.
The federal laws require hospitals to treat anyone who walks in unless they are completely full.
_________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

7. Sentence: Her sister, Kavita Chaudhary, played the lead role.

Paragraph: _________(1)________.Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya decided to become a police
officer when she saw her father being humiliated and the police refusing to register an FIR.
_________(2)________. Her inspiring story as an officer of the Indian Police Service formed the basis of
the hit television drama Udaan in the 1980s. _________(3)________.Two years ago, she became the first
woman director general of police in Uttranchal. _________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

8. Sentence: It bowed its round head to the water, and began to drink.
Paragraph: _________(1)________.For a moment I could see nothing but the waving summits of the
ferns and reeds. _________(2)________. Then suddenly upon the bank of the stream appeared something
– at first I could not distinguish what it was. _________(3)________.Then I saw it was a man, going on
all-fours like a beast. _________(4)________.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

9. Sentence: Having made citizens more and less knowledgeable than their predecessors, the Internet has
proved to be both a blessing and a curse.
Paragraph: Never before has a population, nearly all of whom has enjoyed at a least a secondary school
education, been exposed to so much information, whether in newspapers and magazines or through
YouTube, Google, and Facebook. ___(1)___. Yet it is not clear that people today are more knowledgeable
than their barely literate predecessors. Contemporary advances in technology offered more serious and
inquisitive students access to realms of knowledge previously unimaginable and unavailable. ___(2)___.
But such readily available knowledge leads many more students away from serious study, the reading of
actual texts, and toward an inability to write effectively and grammatically. ___(3)___. It has let people
choose sources that reinforce their opinions rather than encouraging them to question inherited beliefs.
___(4)___.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

10. Sentence: Easing the anxiety and pressure of having a “big day” is part of the appeal for many couples
who marry in secret.
Paragraph: Wedding season is upon us and - after two years of Covid chaos that saw nuptials scaled
back- you may think the temptation would be to go all out. ___(1)___. But instead of expanding the guest
list, many couples are opting to have entirely secret ceremonies. With Covid case numbers remaining high
and the cost of living crisis meaning that many couples are feeling the pinch, it’s no wonder that some are
less than eager to send out invites. ___(2)___. Plus, it can’t hurt that in celebrity circles getting married in
secret is all the rage. ___(3)___. “I would definitely say that secret weddings are becoming more
common,” says Landis Bejar, the founder of a therapy practice, which specialises in helping brides and
grooms manage wedding stress. “People are looking for ways to get out of the spotlight and avoid the
pomp and circumstance of weddings. ___(4)___. They just want to get to the part where they are
married.”
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

Roots Education 6 ENS14

11. Sentence: Most were first-time users of a tablet and a digital app.
Paragraph: Aage Badhein’s USP lies in the ethnographic research that constituted the foundation of its
development process. Customizations based on learning directly from potential users were critical to
making this self-paced app suitable for both a literate and non-literate audience. ___(1)___ The user
interface caters to a Hindi-speaking audience who have minimal to no experience with digital services and
devices. ___(2)___ The content and functionality of the app are suitable for a wide audience. This
includes youth preparing for an independent role in life or a student ready to create a strong foundation of
financial management early in her life. ___(3)___ Household members desirous of improving their
family’s financial strength to reach their aspirations can also benefit. We piloted Aage Badhein in early
2021 with over 400 women from rural areas. ___(4)___ The digital solution generated a large amount of
interest in the communities.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

12. Sentence: This was years in the making but fast-tracked during the pandemic, when "people started being
more mindful about their food", he explained.
Paragraph: For millennia, ghee has been a venerated staple of the subcontinental diet, but it fell out of
favour a few decades ago when saturated fats were largely considered to be unhealthy. ___(1)___ But
more recently, as the thinking around saturated fats is shifting globally, Indians are finding their own way
back to this ingredient that is so integral to their cuisine. ___(2)___ For Karmakar, a renewed interest in
ghee is emblematic of a return-to-basics movement in India. ___(3)___ This movement is also part of an
overall trend towards "slow food". In keeping with the movement's philosophy, ghee can be produced
locally (even at home) and has inextricable cultural ties. ___(4)___ At a basic level, ghee is a type of
clarified butter believed to have originated in India as a way to preserve butter from going rancid in the
hot climate.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

13. Sentence: When people socially learn from each other, they often learn without understanding why what
they’re copying—the beliefs and behaviours and technologies and know-how—works.
Paragraph: ___(1)___. The dual-inheritance theory says that inheritance is itself an evolutionary system.
It has variation. What makes us a new kind of animal, and so different and successful as a species, is we
rely heavily on social learning, to the point where socially acquired information is effectively a second
line of inheritance, the first being our genes ___(2)___. People tend to home in on who seems to be the
smartest or most successful person around, as well as what everybody seems to be doing—the majority of
people have something worth learning. ___(3)___. When you repeat this process over time, you can get,
around the world, cultural packages—beliefs or behaviours or technology or other solutions—that are
adapted to the local conditions. People have different psychologies, effectively. ___(4)___.
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

14. Sentence: This has meant a lot of uncertainty around what a wide-scale return to office might look like in
practice.
Paragraph: Bringing workers back to their desks has been a rocky road for employers and employees
alike. The evolution of the pandemic has meant that best-laid plans have often not materialised. ___(1)___
The flow of workers back into offices has been more of a trickle than a steady stream. ___(2)___ Yet
while plenty of companies are still working through their new policies, some employees across the globe
are now back at their desks, whether on a full-time or hybrid basis. ___(3)___ That means we’re
beginning to get some clarity on what return-to-office means - what’s working, as well as what has yet to
be settled. ___(4)___
A] Option 1 B] Option 2 C] Option 3 D] Option 4

Roots Education 7 ENS14

Directions for questions 15 to 26: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last
sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph most
appropriately.

15. I am sometimes attacked for imposing ‘rules’. Nothing could be further from the truth. I hate rules. All I
do is report on how consumers react to different stimuli. I may say to a copywriter, “Research shows that
commercials with celebrities are below average in persuading people to buy products. Are you sure you
want to use a celebrity? “Call that a rule? Or I may say to an art director, “Research suggests that if you
set the copy in black type on a white background, more people will read it than if you set it in white type
on a black background.”
A] Guidance based on applied research can hardly qualify as ‘rules‘.
B] Thus, all my so called ‘rules’ are rooted in applied research.
C] A suggestion perhaps, but scarcely a rule.
D] Such principles are unavoidable if one wants to be systematic about consumer behaviour.

16. Success, they claim, has many fathers. It seems, success also spawns multiple motherhood claims. In
1975, Indira Gandhi “abolished” bonded labour. Full page advertisements were released and sections of
the pliant print media were packed off to rural areas to document how “liberated” former bonded
labourers were experiencing joy in their new lives.
A] “The landless SC, ST and BPL (below poverty line) population which earlier worked as bonded
labour on farms of rich land lords has become free from their clutches owing to MGNREGA
projects,” the ad claims.
B] Thirty-eight years later, Indira Gandhi’s daughter-in-law, Sonia Gandhi, is now plastering the
print and TV media with multi-crore advertising – funded by taxpayers – to announce that there’s
“no bonded labour anymore”.
C] It has apparently been ended by the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA or NREGA).
D] Can bonded labour be abolished twice?

17. Relations between the factory and the dealer are distant and usually strained as the factory tries to force
cars on the dealers to smooth out production. Relations between the dealer and the customer are equally
strained because dealers continuously adjust prices – make deals – to adjust demand with supply while
maximizing profits. This becomes a system marked by a lack of long-term commitment on either side,
which maximizes feelings of mistrust. In order to maximize their bargaining positions, everyone holds
back information – the dealer about the product and the consumer about his true desires.
A] As a result, ‘deal making’ becomes rampant, without concern for customer satisfaction.
B] As a result, everyone treats the other as an adversary, rather than as an ally.
C] As a result, fundamental innovations are becoming scarce in the automobile industry.
D] As a result, everyone loses in the long run.

18. That sounds fair enough except I can’t help that our super-rich have no compunctions in using their clout
to extract public goods when it suits their convenience. The Mangeshkar sisters can block the building of
a flyover because it ruins their view. Mukesh Ambani can secure his very own local police station and Z
security. Or the enterprising Sunny Thakur, “the scion of a suburban family influential in politics and real
estate – and, according to press reports, the underworld” who had his uncle, “an influential politician”,
lower the height of the speed bumps in Mumbai so his 2012 Aventador LP700-4 could clear them.
A] The reality is that our super-rich can and do intervene to shape public infrastructure, but only
when it most narrowly benefits them.
B] But the super-rich just cannot intervene for the greater good of the society even when it benfits
them as well.

Roots Education 8 ENS14

 C] The reality is that the same super-rich do not care even for the broken and chipped-off pavements
near their houses because they do not have to walk on them.
D] This level of selfishness is visible in India only.

19. In the evolving world order, the comparative advantage of the United States lies in its military force.
Diplomacy and international law have always been regarded as annoying encumbrances, unless they can
be used to advantage against an enemy. Every active player in world affairs professes to seek only peace
and to prefer negotiation to violence and coercion.
A] However, when the veil is lifted, we commonly see that diplomacy is understood as a disguise for
the rule of force.
B] However, history has shown that many of these nations do not practice what they profess.
C] However, history tells us that peace is professed by those who intend to use violence.
D] However, when unmasked, such nations reveal a penchant for the use of force.

20. Trade protectionism, disguised as concern for the climate, is raising its head. Citing competitiveness
concerns, powerful industrialized countries are holding out threats of a levy on imports of energy
intensive products from developing countries that refuse to accept their demands. The actual source of
protectionist sentiment in the OECD countries is, of course, their current lacklustre economic
performance, combined with the challenges posed by the rapid economic rise of China and India - in that
order.
A] Climate change is evoked to bring trade protectionism through the back door.
B] OECD countries are taking refuge in climate change issues to erect trade barriers against these
two countries.
C] Climate change concerns have come as a convenient stick to beat the rising trade power of China
and India.
D] Defenders of the global economic status quo are posing as climate change champions.
E] Today s climate change champions are the perpetrators of global economic inequity.

21. Characters are also part of deep structure. Characters tie events in a story together and provide a thread of
continuity and meaning. Stories can be about individuals, groups, projects or whole organizations, so
from an organizational studies perspective, the focal actor(s) determine the level and unit of analysis used
in a study. Stories of mergers and acquisitions, for example, are common place. In these stories whole
organizations are personified as actors. But these macro-level stories usually are not told from the
perspective of the macro-level participants, because whole organizations cannot narrate their experiences
in the first person.
A] More generally, data concerning the identities and relationships of the characters in the story are
required, if one is to understand role structure and social networks in which that process is
embedded.
B] Personification of a whole organization abstracts away from the particular actors and from
traditional notions of level of analysis.
C] The personification of a whole organization is important because stories differ depending on who
is enacting various events.
D] Every story is told from a particular point of view, with a particular narrative voice, which is not
regarded as part of the deep structure.
E] The personification of a whole organization is a textual device we use to make macro-level
theories more comprehensible.

Roots Education 9 ENS14

22. Nevertheless, photographs still retain some of the magical allure that the earliest daguerreotypes inspired.
As objects, our photographs have changed; they have become physically flimsier as they have become
more technologically sophisticated. Daguerre produced pictures on copper plates; today many of our
photographs never become tangible thins, but instead remain filed away on computers and cameras, part
of the digital ether that envelops the modern world. At the same time, our patience for the creation of
images has also eroded. Children today are used to being tracked from birth by digital cameras and video
recorders and they expect to see the results of their poses and performances instantly. The space between
life as it is being lived and life as it is being displayed shrinks to a mere second.
A] Yet, despite these technical developments, photographs still remain powerful because they are
reminders of the people and things we care about.
B] Images, after all, are surrogates carried into battle by a soldier or by a traveler on holiday.
C] Photographs, be they digital or traditional, exist to remind us of the absent, the beloved, and the
dead.
D] In the new era of the digital image, the images also have a greater potential for fostering
falsehood and trickery, perpetuating fictions that seem so real we cannot tell the difference.
E] Anyway, human nature being what it is, little time has passed after Photography’s inventions
became means of living life through images

23. Mma Ramotswe had a detective agency in Africa, at the foot of Kgale Hill. These were its assets; a tiny
white van, two desks, two chairs, a telephone, and an old typewriter. Then there was a teapot, in which
Mma Ramotswe - the only private lady detective in Botswana - brewed red bush tea. And three mugs –
one for herself, one for her secretary and one for the client. What else does a detective agency really
need? Detective agencies rely on human intuition and intelligence, both of which Mma Ramotswe had in
abundance.
A] But there was also the view, which again would appear on no inventory.
B] No inventory would ever include those, of course.
C] She had an intelligent secretary too.
D] She was a good detective and a good woman.
E] What she lacked in possessions was more than made up by a natural shrewdness.

24. CAMERA-PHONES, a gimmick and a luxury a few years ago, have become ubiquitous. The
International Telecommunications Union estimates that 4.6 billion mobile phones are in use at the
moment. Of those, more than a billion are equipped with cameras, according to Tom Hausken, an analyst
at Strategies Unlimited, a market research firm based in Mountain View, California. Dr Hausken
estimates that some 800m camera-phones will be sold this year. Yet most of the photos taken with these
phones will be grainy and of low resolution – fine for capturing the essence of a moment to send to
friends and family, but not good enough to frame for the wall. The reason is that both camera and lens
have to be small, to fit with all the other gubbins on a phone.
A] Phone cameras with up to five megapixels are becoming available, but InVisage, a small firm
based in Menlo Park, California, hopes to leap from that to a photographically respectable 12
megapixels, without an increase in size or cost, by adding tiny crystals called quantum dots to the
process.
B] In a typical camera-phone, the image is focused by the lens onto a photosensitive silicon chip.
C] A typical camera-phone is equipped with a one- or two-megapixel silicon-based camera chip that
is about 8mm across.
D] After all one buys a phone not for the camera alone; the camera is merely another feature.

Roots Education 10 ENS14

25. Since the gods are super- parents and super-leaders, they must necessarily have large houses in which to
‘meet’ with their followers. Anyone flying low over human settlements in a spacecraft and ignorant of our
ways would notice immediately that in many of the villages and towns and cities there were one or two
homes much bigger than the rest.
A] These – the houses of the gods – the temples, the churches and the cathedrals – are buildings
apparently made for giants.
B] Mere mortals do not require buildings that large.
C] Their followers repeatedly visit them and bow down before them, but they themselves are
invisible.
D] The visitors would then imagine what purpose would they serve.

26. The realist at last loses patience with ideals altogether, and sees in them only something to blind us,
something to numb us, something to murder self in us, something whereby, instead of resisting death, we
can disarm it by commiting suicide. The idealist, who has taken refuge with the ideals because he hates
himself and is ashamed of himself, thinks that all this is so much the better.
A] To the one, human nature, naturally corrupt, is held back from ruinous excesses only by self-
denying conformity to the ideals.
B] The idealist says, 'Realism means egotism; and egotism means depravity.'
C] The realist, who has come to have a deep respect for himself and faith in the validity of his own
will, thinks it so much the worse.
D] Unfortunately, this is the sort of speech that nobody but a realist understands.

Directions for questions 27 to 31: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each
statement can be classified as one of the following.
• Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to
discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘F’)
• Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer
option indicates such a statement with an ‘I’)
• Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and
occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a ‘J’)
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements.
27. A. So much of our day-to-day focus seems to be on getting things done, trudging our way through
the tasks of living – it can feel like a treadmill that gets you nowhere; where is the childlike joy?
B. We are not doing the things that make us happy; that which brings us joy; the things that we
cannot wait to do because we enjoy them so much.
C. This is the stuff that joyful living is made of – identifying your calling and committing yourself
wholeheartedly to it.
D. When this happens, each moment becomes a celebration of you; there is a rush of energy that
comes with feeling completely immersed in doing what you love most.
A] IIIJ B] IFIJ C] JFJJ D] JJJJ

28. A. Given the poor quality of service in the public sector, the HIV/AIDS affected should be switching
to private initiatives that supply anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) at a low cost.
B. The government has been supplying free drugs since 2004, and 35000 have benefited up to now –
though the size of the affected population is 150 times this number.
C. The recent initiatives of networks and companies like AIDSCare Network, Emcure, Reliance-
Cipla-CII, would lead to availability of much-needed drugs to a larger number of affected people.
D. But how ironic it is that we should face a perennial shortage of drugs when India is one of the
world’s largest suppliers of generic drugs to the developing world.
A] JFIJ B] JIIJ C] IFIJ D] IFFJ

Roots Education 11 ENS14

29. A. According to all statistical indications, the Sarva Shikha Abhiyan has managed to keep pace with
its ambitious goals.
B. The Mid-day Meal Scheme has been a significant incentive for the poor to send their little ones to
school, thus establishing the vital link between healthy bodies and healthy minds.
C. Only about 13 million children in the age group of 6 to 14 years are out of school
D. The goal of universalisation of elementary education has to be a pre-requisite for the evolution
and development of our country.
A] IIFJ B] JIIJ C] IJFJ D] IJFI

30. A. With a stated aim of making the state free from open defecation, Chhattisgarh government has
decided to set up bio-toilets in slums across 11 cities.
B. The move follows successful results of a pilot project in Raipur and Bilaspur which was started
last year.
C. With less than 30% people in the state having access to toilets and over 80% of slum dwellers
resorting to open defecation, the concept, if successful, could go a long way in resolving the
problem in urban areas.
D. 11 cities – Korba, Jagdalpur, Rajnandgaon, Durg, Bhilai, Dhamtari, Ambikapur, Koria, Raigarh,
Raipur and Bilaspur have been identified for expansion of the project.
A] IJJF B] IJFF C] FJII D] FJIF

31. A. Worried by the aggressive style of campaigning of BJP’s Primeministerial candidate Narendra
Modi, senior congress leaders are reportedly planning a massive public outreach program to
counter Modi’s new campaign strategy “Chai pe charcha with Namo.”
B. A senior leader on condition of anonymity stated that since Rahulji is very popular among
childlike people we are thinking of starting a rasna party which we will call “Rasna With RaGa”.
C. This will also help us to display the childlike honesty and earnestness that our Rahul baba has.
D. On being asked what will be the theme of the parties, he thunderously replied “empowerment,
empowerment and only empowerment”.
A] IFJI B] IFJF C] FIJF D] FIIJ

VOCAB SPRINT
Match the word in the left column with its set of synonyms in the right column:
Soliloquy Mendicant, Requester, Beggar, Appellant
Supplicant Strip, Dissociate, Deny, Separate, Deprive
Transcendental Out-and-out, Absolute, Authentic, Genuine
Veritable Maelstrom, Whirlpool, Vortex, Swirl
Condescension Insignia, Chevron, Decoration, Strap
Divest Declamation, Oration, Monologue
Eddy Canard, Misconception, Fallacy, Myth
Epaulet Extreme, Radical, Peripheral, Marginal, Outlying
Fallacy Moving, Mystical, Awe-inspiring, Divine, Uplifting
Fringe Superciliousness, Snobbery, Haughtiness, Disdain, Arrogance

Roots Education 12 ENS14

 English-Reasoning
(Theme Completion, Out-of-Context)
HOME SHEET L1
Time: 25 minutes

Directions for questions 1 to 5: One sentence is missing from the sequence of sentences given in each of the
following questions. From the options, choose the sentence that completes the paragraph most logically.
1. (i) Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of
psychology.
(ii) ___________________________________________
(iii) And neurosis could be treated through bringing these unconscious thoughts and memories to
consciousness in psychoanalytic treatment.
(iv) He was initially interested in hypnotism and how it can be used to help the mentally ill, but later
abandoned hypnotism in favour of free association and dream analysis and in developing what is
now known as ‘the talking cure’.

A] In his 40’s, he had numerous psychosomatic disorders as well as exaggerated fears of dying and
other phobias.
B] Freud later expanded his work to other forms of neurosis, especially obsessive compulsive
disorders.
C] These became the core elements of psychoanalysis.
D] The source of neurosis is based on his theory that unconscious motives determine much of an
individual’s behaviour.

2. (i) One of the best Jeffrey Archer short stories is probably The Grass is always Greener.
(ii) ___________________________________________
(iii) Each person has a secret and the top person wishes he’s right at the bottom.
(iv) It gives the reader a good insight to the characters.

A] It’s just one example of many good, well written stories.

B] There are 15 short stories in all, with an interesting mixture of storylines.
C] Here you meet characters, who think that the person above them in the business is better off
than them.
D] All the stories are well written, and once you start one, you just have to finish it.

3. (i) Joining the chorus of a recovery in global markets, Stephen Schwarzman of Blackstone Group
said most markets have more or less hit the bottom and will start coming up.
(ii) China will work its way up to see around 7 percent growth.
(iii) ___________________________________________.
(iv) Europe will slowly recover – the European countries will show a little growth but they are
coming off a very low base.

A] He doesn’t know whether India is competing with Europe per se or with the US.
B] US ought to see further acceleration in growth – probably in the 3 percent type of area, plus or
minus a little bit.
C] If India stays in this current muddle, then outsiders will look at it and not be sure of what to do, he
adds.
D] The Middle East, in terms of healthy countries there, will grow pretty rapidly as it has in the past
few years.

Roots Education 13 ENS14

4. (i) Microsoft posted a bigger-than-expected quarterly profit on Thursday, boosted by strong sales of
its software and services for businesses, a solid holiday season for its new Xbox game console
and Surface tablets, and a slightly lower tax bill.
(ii) The world's largest software company did not say anything about its five-month search for a new
chief executive to replace Steve Ballmer, who said in August he would retire within a year.
(iii) ___________________________________________.
(iv) But it lost its way with consumers in the last decade under Ballmer as Apple and Google stormed
ahead in mobile computing.

A] The quarter may well be the last full one for Ballmer, and it at least showed some positive
momentum for the Surface tablet, Microsoft's long-delayed attempt to knock Apple's iPad off its
perch.
B] “It's a good print to ride off into the sunset with, for the current CEO,” said Colin Gillis, an
analyst at BGC Financial.
C] There's still the over-arching question for this company: who's going to be the new CEO, and
what direction they take.
D] The company co-founded by Bill Gates 39 years ago was central to the personal computer
revolution, and its Windows and Office products still dominate business desktops.

5. (i) ___________________________________________.
(ii) “There is nothing wrong with the Indian team, not even Duncan Fletcher,” Mr. N Srinivasan,
President of the BCCI told Faking News.
(iii) “The blame lies with foreign pitches that are not up to the standards of our players.”
(iv) Therefore, BCCI has passed a unilateral resolution with immediate effect under which Indian
team will carry its own pitches for all future foreign tours.”

A] BCCI finally seems to have come up with a long-lasting solution to counter the series of poor
performances of Indian team during the overseas tours, especially in England, Australia and
South Africa.
B] BCCI has never been one to take responsibility of a poor show abroad.
C] “You can’t link everything to monetary clout. When our team can carry their own batting kits,
coach, fitness trainer, etc., why can’t it carry its own pitches?” BCCI President justified the move.
D] Pakistan Cricket Board too has liked the idea and has decided to replicate it for their future series
in England.

Directions for questions 6 to 10: The last sentence of each of the following short paragraphs has been
removed. From the options, choose the one that best completes the corresponding paragraph.
6. After the scandalous build-up, the first day of the two-day meeting of the Indian cricket board on Friday
turned out to be a rather tame affair with coach Greg Chappell and captain Rahul Dravid owning up their
responsibility in India’s World Cup debacle.
A] In the past few days, there had been allegations and counter-allegations and the usual blame game
between all concerned with the team and the game in various capacities.
B] Indian players, however, are yet to give their part of the story and it might be interesting to learn
what they have to say, individually or collectively, about their poor performance that saw their
early exit from the showpiece event last month.
C] It will be interesting to note what will be the remedy for Indian cricket that BCCI comes up with
at the end of the meeting on Saturday.
D] In a report, Chappell pointed out the shortcomings of the players in the team and suggested
measures to improve Indian cricket.

Roots Education 14 ENS14

7. Four primary care organizations have agreed on a definition of the personal medical home that they
believe could improve the capability of the health care system. “Joint Principles of the Patient-Centered
Medical Home,” released on March 5, was developed by the American Academy of Family Physicians
(AAFP), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American College of Physicians, and the
American Osteopathic Association.
A] The definition describes the characteristics of a practice-based model of the personal medical
home for comprehensive primary care.
B] The key elements of the personal medical home are a physician who has an ongoing relationship
with patients and arranges care with other qualified professionals.
C] However, these organizations failed to agree on some other conflicts.
D] According to them, an effective payment system is one that recognizes the medical expertise,
administrative requirements, and time demands of providing a personal medical home.

8. The purpose of the calendar is to reckon past or future time, to show how many days until a certain event
takes place – the harvest or a religious festival – or how long since something important happened. The
earliest calendars must have been strongly influenced by the geographical location of the people who
made them. In colder countries, the concept of the year was determined by the seasons, specifically by the
end of winter. But in warmer countries, where the seasons are less pronounced, the Moon became the
basic unit for time reckoning; an old Jewish book says that “the Moon was created for the counting of the
days.”
A] Even in a warm climate there are annual events that pay no attention to the phases of the Moon.
B] In some areas it was a rainy season; in Egypt it was the annual flooding of the Nile River.
C] All this changed with time.
D] Most of the oldest calendars were lunar calendars, based on the time interval from one new moon
to the next – a so-called lunation.

9. Last year, U2 frontman Bono and The Governor’s brother-in-law Bobby Shriver rolled out the
(PRODUCT) RED campaign in support of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.
Launched first in the U.K. and then in the U.S. in October, the cause-based marketing campaign works
with various corporate partners to brand special (RED) products. The profits from these product sales are
split in some way between the retailer and the Global Fund.
A] The campaign seemed to offer a win-win-win for all parties concerned.
B] One year after, the diseases are still there.
C] It is not the first time an entertainer has made such an effort.
D] Bono and Bobby are childhood friends.

10. Have you found that it is easier to recruit a volunteer to do frontline, hands-on work than to accept a
leadership position on a board of directors, advisory council, or key committee? This is becoming a
universal concern, including that for professional associations of volunteer program managers. The
presidency of an organization or chairing a major event still offers status and public/professional
applause.
A] Will we become a leaderless society in this manner?
B] But that has never been the attraction for the volunteers.
C] Why? And what is the future of our society if no one wants to lead?
D] But there seem to be fewer and fewer people willing to give the time and effort necessary to
fulfill these top functions.

Roots Education 15 ENS14

Directions for questions 11 to 15: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each
statement can be classified as one of the following.
• Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to
discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘F’)
• Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer
option indicates such a statement with an ‘I’)
• Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and
occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a ‘J’)
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements
11. A. You could think of Her, the latest Spike Jonze film, as a story about a man who falls in love with
an operating system.
B. You could describe it as a rom-com with a dystopian sci-fi twist, one that belongs in a box set
with Michel Gondry’s Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind.
C. But Jonze, who is best known for mind-benders like Being John Malkovich and Adaptation, has
done more than imagine a love story in a futuristic setting.
D. Her is an ode to urban loneliness and the emotional, existentialist crises brought on by the march
of communications technology.
A] FIFJ B] JIJF C] JJJJ D] FFFI

12. A. Set in Los Angeles in the not-too-distant future, Her is about Theodore Twombly (Joaquin
Phoenix, sporting a Tom Selleck moustache).
B. Theodore is on the brink of finalizing his divorce from Catherine (Rooney Mara), and so they
have grown emotionally distant from each other.
C. He works at BeautifulHandwrittenLetters.com, where he composes personalized letters — he
speaks and on a computer screen, his words are written in a handwriting that matches the client
who has commissioned the letter.
D. His interaction with other humans is limited to family and a few friends, including his old college
friend Amy (Amy Adams) and his boss (Chris Pratt).
A] FIFF B] FIFJ C] FFIJ D] JIJI

13. A. Theodore’s world isn’t too difficult to imagine, filled as it is with people whose lives revolve
around different voice-activated, virtual reality gadgets.
B. It seems like a natural progression from where we are now.
C. Public transport is filled with people peering into their phones and tablets.
D. Fashion has evolved to give preference to function over form, with most people sporting high-
waisted trousers that resemble yoga pants.
A] JJFJ B] JFFI C] JFJI D] JJFI

14. A. When Goldman Sachs economist Jim O’Neil coined the term “BRIC” in 2001, he grouped
together four nations: Brazil, Russia, India and China.
B. They had two striking similarities; a large population and an impressive rate of economic growth.
C. Investors seemed to share O’Neil’s assessment of the four countries, and the next few years
cemented the status of the BRICs as the darlings of foreign investors.
D. According to the World Investment Report, in 2012, the BRIC countries managed to absorb
nearly USD $263 billion of FDI, or 20% of the global total.
A] IIJF B] FIJF C] IFIJ D] FIIF

Roots Education 16 ENS14

15. A. Copious amounts of drool laced with not insignificant quantities of saccharine are not the
Pavlovian responses that the words “Political class” generate in most of us.
B. Unless one is a direct beneficiary of some hastily de-notified plot of land, a recipient of cheap
spectrum, supplier of pedestal fans for a sporting event, a distant relative of some Union Minister,
who cornered a few coal blocks, a pot-bellied contractor with a thick gold chain around his neck
who raises the invoice for road construction and delivers an end-product called pothole – or some
other virtuous nation-builder like that.
C. And then, along come a couple of MPs (SP's Naresh Aggarwal and BSP's Avtar Singh), who
convert a debate in the House of Elders into what looked like a nukkad brawl between a couple of
jobless history-sheeters.
D. Tadipar them both, I say!
A] JIJF B] JFJI C] JJJJ D] IIIF

Please DO NOT ATTEMPT HOME SHEET-L2 unless you have got ≥23 marks within the stipulated time.
Incase you have got less than 23 marks, please go to the topic in the concept-book, do the solved examples
again, practice the exercise and review the class-sheets before attempting HOME SHEET-L2.
This is important for you to find out your level in this topic and will help you immensely later in cracking the
CAT!

Roots Education 17 ENS14

 English-Reasoning
(Theme Completion, Out-of-Context)
HOME SHEET L2
Time: 45 minutes

This sheet will help you determine your final level in this topic.
Please ensure you are fresh and will have no distractions during the period of this exercise.
Please ensure you attempt this exercise in one go & within the time-limit.
At the end of the time-limit, please evaluate using the solutions provided & put your score and mark your
level accordingly on the cover page of this booklet & on the ADAPTIVE CARD given to you. This will ensure
you have taken another step towards cracking the CAT!

Directions for questions 1 to 5: One sentence is missing from the sequence of sentences given in each of the
following questions. From the options, choose the sentence that completes the theme most logically.

1. (i) An important wind circulation pattern over the Pacific Ocean has begun to weaken because of
global warming caused by human activity, something that could alter climate and the marine food
chain in the region, new research suggests.
(ii) It’s not clear what climate changes might arise in the area or possibly beyond, but the long-term
effect might resemble some aspects of an EI Nino event, a study author said.
(iii) ___________________________________________
(iv) As for the Pacific food chain near the equator, the slowdown might reduce populations of tiny
plants and animals up through the fish that eat them, because of reduced nutrition welling up from
the deep, said the author, Gabriel Vecchi.

A] The study focused on what scientists call the Walker circulation, a huge wind pattern that covers
almost half the circumference of Earth.
B] EI Ninos boost rainfall in the southern United States and western South America and bring dry
weather or even drought to Indonesia, Malaysia and elsewhere in the western Pacific.
C] The air rises in the Pacific chain near the equator and then returns eastward at an altitude of a few
miles. Then it sinks back to the surface and starts the loop again.
D] The new study is based on barometric pressure readings, since differences in air pressure drive
winds near the equator.

2. (i) I was born a slave on a plantation in Franklin County, Virginia.

(ii) ___________________________________________
(iii) And as nearly as I have been able to learn, I was born near a cross-roads post-office called Hales’
Ford, and the year was 1858 or 1859. I do not know the month or the day.
(iv) The earliest impressions I can now recall are of the plantation and the slave quarters – the latter
being the part of the plantation where the slaves had their cabins.

A] My life had its beginning in the midst of the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging
surroundings.
B] I am not quite sure of the exact place or exact date of my birth, but at any rate I suspect I must
have been born somewhere and at some time.
C] I lived with my mother, a brother and a sister till after the Civil War, when we were all declared
free.
D] I was born in a typical log cabin, about fourteen feet wide by sixteen feet long in the month of
December.

Roots Education 18 ENS14

3. (i) ___________________________________________
(ii) The period has the great variety of almost unlimited creative force; it includes works of many
kinds in both verse and prose, and ranges in spirit from the loftiest Platonic idealism or the most
delightful romance to the level of very repulsive realism.
(iii) It was mainly dominated, however, by the spirit of romance. It was full also of the spirit of
dramatic action, as befitted an age whose restless enterprise was eagerly extending itself to every
quarter of the globe.
(iv) In style it often exhibits romantic luxuriance, which sometimes takes the form of elaborate
affectations of which the favorite ‘conceit’ is only the most apparent.

A] Several general characteristics of Elizabethan literature should be indicated at the outset.

B] In spirit Donne belongs much less to Elizabethan poetry than to the following period, in which
nearly half his life fell.
C] The qualities which especially distinguish the Elizabethan lyrics are fluency, sweetness, melody,
and an enthusiastic joy in life – all spontaneous, direct and exquisite.
D] A romantic allegory like ‘The Faerie Queene’ does not aim at intense lifelikeness – a certain
remoteness from the actual is one of its chief attractions.

4. (i) Most of us forget that a positive attitude can take care of most of our problems.
(ii) When work becomes frustrating and stressful, it is their positive attitude that makes successful
people stand apart.
(iii) Successful people are positive people.
(iv) ___________________________________________

A] Everyone is positive when things are going well, but truly strong people are positive when
everything is going wrong.
B] They view difficulties as hurdles they have to cross, not as roadblocks that will make them fall.
C] I also don’t think there is anything wrong with failing.
D] When something difficult or bad is staring you in the face, look at it as a test; see how positive
you can stay through it.

5. (i) Etiquette and polish, both in personal and business settings, are linked to how well we
communicate.
(ii) _____________________________________________
(iii) And many others don’t realize what a vast difference there is between simply hearing what is
being said and really listening.
(iv) People who know how to listen learn more, care more and end up being the ones we want to be
around socially as well as professionally.

A] Most people think communication is all about speaking and in doing so, they devalue the
importance of listening.
B] Want to improve your listening skills?
C] Your eyes are a dead give-away if you are not listening.
D] Understand why you need to listen and remember to practice these tips next time you conduct a
conversation.

Roots Education 19 ENS14

Directions for questions 6 to 20: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last sentence
has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph most appropriately.
6. Commander Chris Hadfield has had a remarkable time at the International Space Station, and connected
us more to the floating mass of metal than perhaps any astronaut before him. It’s not just the pictures and
the sense of humour, but the sense of wonder that any of us would feel looking down at the Earth from so
high a perch. His farewell, just before he returns to ground on Monday, was what can only be described as
an EPIC cover of David Bowie’s Space Oddity. This is an example of Youtube, Facebook, Twitter and
every other social media and web-sharing platform going into overdrive because it’s just so easy to “like”.
Some will criticise its musicality probably, but that’s mere jealousy of someone able to sing and play
guitar, in SPACE.
A] But in the same way, astronauts and cameras looking back down at us should inspire something
else we take for granted: an appreciation of each other.
B] You can’t help but smile and even get a bit choked up at the beauty of the planet below.
C] And it’s that perspective from above that has really captured the public imagination so effectively
since Hadfield arrived at the space station in December.
D] The young generation is so hooked onto the social media that the popularity of any event or video
can simply go through the roof in a matter of days, if not hours.

7. Age has a curvilinear relationship with the exploitation of opportunity. Initially, age will increase the
likelihood that a person will exploit an entrepreneurial opportunity because people gather much of the
knowledge necessary to exploit opportunities over the course of their lives, and because age provides
credibility in transmitting that information to others. However, as people become older, their willingness
to bear risks declines, their opportunity costs rise, and they become less receptive to new information.
A] As a result, people transmit more information rather than experiment with new ideas as they reach
an advanced age.
B] As a result, people are reluctant to experiment with new ideas as they reach an advanced age.
C] As a result, only people with lower opportunity costs exploit opportunity when they reach an
advanced age.
D] As a result, people become reluctant to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities when they reach an
advanced age.

8. Most people at their first consultation take a furtive look at the surgeon’s hands in the hope of
reassurance. Prospective patients look for delicacy, sensitivity, steadiness, perhaps unblemished pallor.
On this basis, Henry Perowne loses a number of cases each year. Generally, he knows it’s about to happen
before the patient does: the downward glance repeated, the prepared questions beginning to falter, the
overemphatic thanks during the retreat to the door.
A] Other people do not communicate due to their poor observation.
B] Other patients don’t like what they see but are ignorant of their right to go elsewhere.
C] But Perowne himself is not concerned.
D] But others will take their place, he thought.

9. Mattancherry is Indian Jewry’s most famous settlement. Its pretty streets of pastel coloured houses,
connected by first-floor passages and home to the last twelve saree-and-sarong-wearing, white-skinned
Indian Jews are visited by thousands of tourists each year. Its synagogue, built in 1568, with a floor of
blue-and-white Chinese tiles, a carpet given by Haile Selassie and the frosty Yaheh selling tickets at the
door, stands as an image of religious tolerance.
A] Mattancherry represents, therefore, the perfect picture of peaceful co-existence.
B] India’s Jews have almost never suffered discrimination, except for European colonizers and each
other.
C] Religious tolerance has always been only a façade and nothing more.
D] The pretty pastel streets are, thus, very popular with the tourists.

Roots Education 20 ENS14

10. Given the cultural and intellectual interconnections, the question of what is ‘Western’ and what is
‘Eastern’ (or Indian) is often hard to decide, and the issue can be discussed only in more dialectical terms.
The diagnosis of a thought as ‘purely Western’ or ‘purely Indian’ can be very illusory.
A] Thoughts are not the kind of things that can be easily categorized.
B] ‘East is East and West is West’ has been a discredited notion for a long time now.
C] Compartmentalizing thoughts is often desirable.
D] The origin of a thought is not the kind of thing to which ‘purity’ happens easily.

11. Darwin’s “The Origin of Species” is one of the most important books written during the past 150 years. It
provides the foundation for modern biology, but its influence extends far beyond biology to such distant
areas as ethics. It has been called “the book that shook the world.” Its impact on man’s concept of himself
and the world is said to have been greater than that of works of Copernicus or Newton.
A] And that just goes to prove that Darwin probably deserves greater attention than he has been
given so far.
B] But having read it, I don’t think it is all that great a book.
C] A cursory look at the life of these luminaries goes to show that there have been no scientists
worth his salt in the past half a century.
D] The book has also often been cited as refuting the biblical account of the origins of biological
species by providing a naturalistic account of origins.

12. We can usefully think of theoretical models as maps, which help us navigate unfamiliar territory. The
most accurate map that it is possible to construct would be of no practical use whatsoever, for it would be
an exact replica, on exactly the same scale, of the place where we were. Good maps pull out the most
important features and throw away a huge amount of much less valuable information. Of course, maps
can be bad as well as good – witness the attempts by medieval Europe to produce a map of the world. In
the same way, a bad theory, no matter how impressive it may seem in principle, does little or nothing to
help us understand a problem.
A] But good theories, just like good maps, are invaluable, even if they are simplified
B] But good theories, just like good maps, will never represent unfamiliar concepts in detail
C] But good theories, just like good maps, need to balance detail and feasibility of representation
D] But good theories, just like good maps, are accurate only at a certain level of abstraction
E] But good theories, just like good maps, are useful in the hands of a user who knows their
limitations.
13. The audiences for crosswords and sudoku, understandably, overlap greatly, but there are differences, too.
A crossword attracts a more literary person, while sudoku appeals to a keenly logical mind. Some
crossword enthusiasts turn up their noses at sudoku because they feel it lacks depth. A good crossword
requires vocabulary, knowledge, mental flexibility and sometimes even a sense of humor to complete. It
touches numerous areas of life and provides an “Aha!” or two along the way. ________
A] Sudoku, on the other hand, is just a logical exercise, each one similar to the last.
B] Sudoku, incidentally, is growing faster in popularity than crosswords, even among the literati.
C] Sudoku, on the other hand, can be attempted and enjoyed even by children.
D] Sudoku, however, is not exciting in any sense of the term.
14. Most firms consider expert individuals to be too elitist, temperamental, egocentric, and difficult to work
with. Force such people to collaborate on a high-stakes project and they just might come to fisticuffs.
Even the very notion of managing such a group seems unimaginable. So most organizations fall into
default mode, setting up project teams of people who get along nicely.________
A] The result, however, is disastrous.
B] The result is mediocrity.
C] The result is creation of experts who then become elitists.
D] Naturally, they drive innovations.

Roots Education 21 ENS14

15. Christopher Dell’s “Monsters: A Bestiary of the Bizarre” is a visual typology of the monstrous. Dell
draws on images from across centuries and continents to celebrate the hideous fecundity of the human
imagination. ‘Resistance to monsters is clearly futile,’ he writes. ‘While we may no longer worry about
being eaten by trolls on the way home, there remains a fascination with, and fear of, these creatures that
have shadowed us throughout history.
A] It shows us what man’s imagination can do to man.’
B] After all, we should remember God is our creator.’
C] After all, we should remember who created them: not the gods, not Echidna, but man.’
D] Believe in God, not in fantasy.’

16. Let us imagine a community of a thousand persons, organized for the perpetuation of the species on the
basis of the British family as we know it at present. Seven hundred of them, we will suppose, find the
British family arrangement quite good enough for them. Two hundred and ninety-nine find it a failure, but
must put up with it since they are in a minority. The remaining person occupies a position to be explained
presently. The 299 failures will not have the courage to face the fact that they are irremediable failures,
since they cannot prevent the 700 satisfied ones from coercing them into conformity with the marriage
law.
A] They will accordingly try to persuade themselves that, whatever their own particular domestic
arrangements may be, the family is a beautiful and holy natural institution.
B] For the fox not only declares that the grapes he cannot get are sour: he also insists that the sloes
he can get are sweet.
C] The family as it really is is a conventional arrangement, legally enforced, which the majority,
because it happens to suit them, think good enough for the minority, whom it happens not to suit
at all.
D] The family as a beautiful and holy natural institution is only a fancy picture of what every family
would have to be if action as standard moral conduct, absolutely valid under all circumstances.

17. Months after its debut, “Hillary: The Movie” faces nine of the nation’s toughest critics: the Supreme
Court. The justices’ review of the slashing documentary financed by longtime critics of Secretary of State
Hillary Rodham Clinton could bring more than just a thumbs up or thumbs down.
A] It may win all time high approval ratings for the Secretary of State.
B] It will vindicate the faith of movie gores the world over.
C] So far the reviews have been a mixed bag, and this might just be the decider.
D] It may settle the question of whether the government can regulate a politically charged film as a
campaign ad.

18. Dr. James Ost, senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Portsmouth, specialises in the study of
memory. He says not remembering much of your childhood is normal, mostly because it is mundane. He
debunked the idea that a major trauma may have wiped out my memory, or that hypnosis would help me
to remember. He had a simpler idea: “If you want to remember something that happened at a particular
place, go back to that place.”
A] I asked James how I can best help my children remember their childhood.
B] It’s called context reinstatement and is what the police use in crime re-enactment.
C] “The more I learn about memory, the less I rely on my own,” he said.
D] Memory is mixed up in a big pot of reconstruction and storytelling.

19. There is a photograph I cannot find anywhere. I was reminded of it the other day when my little boy,
Finn, told me his first joke. We were standing in the bathroom and he was refusing to clean his teeth. He
turned to me and said: “Eat my lunch. Brush my teeth. Go to bed. I don’t know.” “I don’t know” has
become one of our stock phrases whenever we discover he has emptied all the cereal boxes on to the
kitchen floor or tried to put the cat into the washing machine.

Roots Education 22 ENS14

 A] I would like to think that I will remember that moment for ever.
B] I must have been about four at the time the photograph I was reminded of was taken.
C] Finn is two and three quarters – the ¾ is very important.
D] Trying to remain stern, I burst into laughter, as did he, and we hugged.

20. I would like to say that I think about my mom every day like a good son should, but I don't. She comes
into my mind on ad hoc occasions. Not just the obvious ones like a wedding or a birthday, but the fleeting
moments – when I see an old purple Volvo estate or a piece of lemon meringue pie.
A] But is as if she has been airbrushed out by some cruel revisionist.
B] Yet the image of her as a person is missing.
C] When I think of her there is no memory, no stories or dialogue.
D] I can even remember what the button on the wiper stalk looked like.

Directions for questions 16 to 20: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each
statement can be classified as one of the following.
• Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to
discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘F’)
• Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer
option indicates such a statement with an ‘I’)
• Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and
occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a ‘J’)
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements.
16. A. We should not be hopelessly addicted to an erroneous belief that corruption in India is caused by
the crookedness of Indians.
B. The truth is that we have more red tape – we take eighty-nine days to start a small business,
Australians take two.
C. Red tape leads to corruption and distorts a people’s character
D. Every red tape procedure is a point of contact with an official, and such contacts have the
potential to become opportunities for money to change hands.
A] JFIF B] JFJJ C] JIJF D] IFJF

17. A. Inequitable distribution of all kinds of resources is certainly one of the strongest and most sinister
sources of conflict.
B. Even without war, we know that conflicts continue to trouble us – they only change in character.
C. Extensive disarmament is the only insurance for our future; imagine the amount of resources that
can be released and redeployed.
D. The economies of the industrialized western world derive 20% of their income from the sale of all
kinds of arms.
A] IJJI B] JIJF C] IIJF D] JIIF

18. A. Microsoft's Windows 8 system has racked up more than 200 million license sales since its launch
15 months ago, according to Tami Reller, its head of marketing, lagging Windows 7 which sold
240 million within its first year.
B. The latest Windows 8 sales figure, announced by Reller at a Goldman Sachs technology
conference on Thursday, is the first that Microsoft has made public for more than six months.
C. The relatively slow sales of Windows 8, and its latest incarnation Windows 8.1, reflect a steady
two-year decline in personal computer sales, as smartphones and tablet sales explode.
D. Going by the existing trend, sales of tablets are set to overtake PCs worldwide next year.
A] JIIF B] FIFI C] FIIF D] FFII

Roots Education 23 ENS14

19. A. It’s time aam aurats of India conveyed their heartfelt gratitude to the lady who was too lazy to
change out of her nightdress and ended up sparking a revolution that led women to discover the
delights of an unhindered, unclasped and draw-stringless existence.
B. Had it not been for her genius, Bhartiya Naaris would not have known Nirvana through Nightie.
C. Agreed that a fashion conscious, brand flaunting woman wouldn't be seen dead in a shapeless
nightwear masquerading as a maxi that does a perfect job of making you look like a dowdy
behenji, but it is through its loose character, sweat soaked women all over India were exposed to
the comforts of air-conditioning.
D. Is there a greater satisfaction than slipping into a sack made of the softest cotton that lets you be
yourself in all your hanging and paunchy glory?
A] JJJJ B] IIII C] FIIJ D] FJIJ

20. A. In a freaking turn of events, an underworld don who offered the Indian cricket team Toyota cars if
they beat Pakistan in Sharjah in 1986 became a resident of Karachi and India’s most wanted in
1993!
B. Former India captain Dilip Vengsarkar’s revelation (made on camera at a function despite a
subsequent denial) only confirms what many players of the 1980s have confessed in private.
C. Dawood Ibrahim was at one time in his life an ardent Indian cricket team supporter.
D. This columnist had been targeted for saying as much in an article I wrote soon after the Mumbai
blasts of 1993 in The Times of India.
A] IFFJ B] IFJF C] FFJI D] FIFJ

Roots Education 24 ENS14