1.

Discuss the need of moral integrity of a person in resolving the social, political,
economic and cultural crises in Ethiopia currently by using clear and relevant
examples. (5%)

Integrity implies loyalty to acceptable moral standards by virtue of being a human

the roles and expectations in age, profession, family or societal status. It is the
moralistic aspect of integrity that justifies one's legitimacy for a leadership role.

ECONOMICALLY:
The government aims (or claims to aim) an agriculture led industrialization. About sixty
percent of the population is under thirty years of age, and the economy has not been
sufficient in providing jobs for this booming young generation. The number of
universities has tripled in the last decade or so, only to produce graduates who are ill
equipped to hunt for the very few jobs that are available.

Example: in Ethiopia most of the the region there was lack of food, economical crisis
even if there is hand to mouth life happened.

POLITICALLY:
The government has declared itself politically elected (and has been in power for over 25
years). In the last election, they won 100% of parliamentary seats. Free press is virtually
nonexistent. Outspoken journalists who get critical of the administration are charged with
terrorism and get thrown into jail.

The thing is, through all this, a wave of protests have begun shaking the country. Most
people are apparently tired of being manhandled by a regime that is considered by many
to be essentially led by a minority ethnic group from Tigray region. (Their number in the
population is around 6 million, out of the 100 million population of the country).
Marginalization of other major groups, notably the Amhara and the Oromo, who together
comprise at least sixty percent of the country’s population, has been a cause for
resentment over the years. The marginalization, of course, has translated into economic
terms also.
 Protests are springing up everywhere. People at major cities around the country are
rallying against the government. In some places, they have rejected the local authorities
and appointed their own chiefs. Buses and houses have been burnt, hundreds have been
killed. Of course, the government has been the one who carried out most of the killings.
Right now, it is difficult to predict where exactly this wave of protests is heading. Albeit
lack of organized leadership (because “legitimate” opposition groups in the country have
been incapacitated by the government), it doesn’t look like it is easing up any time soon.
Ethiopia is in the most uncertain of times.

SOCIAL
The need of moral integrity on cultural have great advantage to the nation,
because it can strength the unity of each nation, so the leader at each step should
have to leader according to the social acceptability, unless, it comes social life
boring.

CULTURAL
it was customary that Ethiopian rulers justified their regimes on the cause of
defending the values of integrity. Imperial regimes even pursued closed door
policies on the grounds of defending Ethiopian values from those that are
imported. As time went by, there was the belief that the advent of globalisation
threatened to contaminate the integrity of Ethiopians. Indeed, there is an argument
to be made that crucial elements have since been eroded.

cultural crises in Ethiopia the main causes of political instability, example the
Oromo cultural known one irrecha has become political use encase the large
Oromo around irrecha has great message. Other cultural crises that of ashenda
chabalela, depend on polotica, so this comes cultural crises.

2. Briefly discuss the importance of critical reasoning to make good moral judgments
(5%)
 Training in critical Thinking involves mastering specific skills of reasoning, such as
identifying, evaluating, and formulating arguments. In particular, it is important to be
able to identify and evaluate the various assumptions which support particular lines of
 argument. Critical thinking also entails a heightened awareness of the 'Various devices and
uses of language: for example.; analogy, metaphor, and definition. At BCC faculty in all
curricula will seek to incorporate aspects of critical thinking into their teaching1 and in some
courses required of all students, critical thinking exercises will be central both to course
objectives and instructional methods. You will learn to reason critically in courses where
instructors model critic..al reasoning and argument for students to emulate.
The importance of moral reasoning
 Since moral reasoning is important in all aspects of our lives-private, social, profess signal
and civic. As you mature intellectually, you should become fully conscious of reasoning
processes and judgments followed in moral decision making and be so guided in your
personal and civic choices. In a democratic system of government all citizens bear moral
responsibility both for their own actions and for the welfare of the. group. Understanding
what social and personal responsibility mean and entail in a democratic society is the domain
of moral reasoning.
3. Discuss the differences between a society containing citizens possessing civic virtue and
the one which does not have citizens possessing civic virtue. (5%)

 A society containing citizens possessing civic virtue is characterized by individuals who are
actively engaged in the life of the community and who possess the qualities of responsibility,
honesty, fairness, and concern for the common good. These individuals view themselves as
part of a larger community and recognize their role in promoting the welfare of that
community. They are willing to make sacrifices for the greater good and are committed to
working with others to address social problems.
 On the other hand, a society which does not have citizens possessing civic virtue is
characterized by individuals who are more self-centred and less engaged in the life of the
community. They may be more focused on their own personal interests and may be less
willing to make sacrifices for the greater good. They may also be less likely to be involved in
addressing social problems or working to improve the community. This type of society may
lack a sense of community, trust, and cooperation. It may also be more prone to social issues
such as poverty, crime, and inequality.
 In summary, a society with citizens possessing civic virtue is one that is more likely to be
cohesive, prosperous, and just; whereas a society without citizens possessing civic virtue is
more likely to be divisive, struggling, and unjust.
4. Briefly discuss the values of having a balanced understanding about one’s rights and
duties and act accordingly. (5%)
 Everyone has the right to education. Everyone deserves to feel secure.
 Personal accountability: I take responsibility for my actions. Community Responsibility:
I prod others to act morally.
 Values: We value education.
 Building and maintaining successful relationships requires maintaining a balance
between rights and obligations. Knowing the rules might solve this issue in some
partnerships.
 A right is a decision to choose your own opinion and an entitlement to things like
freedom of expression, religion, and education. Responsibilities are obligations or things
a person ought to perform, such obeying the law and following the rules. This is how
roles and responsibilities in the classroom are intertwined.
 Human rights are the most important consideration in right ethics, and they should be
protected; in duty ethics, emphasis is focused on others. For instance, if we assert our
right to life, we are obligating others not to murder us.
 By implementing best practises such as individual-centred methods, this practise makes
sure that each individual has complete authority, responsibility, and voice over decisions
that affect them.