Technical Information

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Viton® GF
An Improved Fluid-Resistant Fluoroelastomer
General Description Product Description
Viton GF is the newest member of a family of
peroxide-curable fluorocarbon elastomers (see Physical Form Pellets
References 1–6). Compounds of Viton GF cured Appearance (Color) Silver gray to pale
with peroxides afford high strength and exceptional amber
resistance to oils and organic fluids (e.g., gasohol),
hot water, steam, inorganic acids, and other aqueous Odor None
media. Viton GF can also be vulcanized with Mooney Viscosity,
dihydroxy or diamine curatives, offering similar ML 1 + 10 at 121°C (250°F) Approximately 60
performance in organic fluids but less resistance to
Specific Gravity 1.91
aqueous media, relative to peroxide cures. With each
of these curing systems, vulcanizates of Viton GF Solubility Soluble in low
retain the excellent heat resistance typical of conven- molecular weight
tional fluoroelastomers. ketones and esters
Viton GF is readily processed on conventional rubber Storage Stability Excellent
equipment. End products can be fabricated by com-
pression, transfer, and injection molding, as well as by
extrusion, calendering, and solution techniques. Handling Precautions
Before handling or processing Viton GF, be sure
to read and be guided by the suggestions in DuPont
Features Dow Elastomers technical bulletin H-71129-02
• Excellent polymer stability and compound bin “Handling Precautions for Viton® and Related
storage stability Chemicals.”
• Fast cure rate with good processing safety
• Superior resistance to oils and organic fluids, Viton GF Fluoroelastomer
including gasohol If recommended handling procedures are followed,
Viton GF and products based on it can be handled
• Very good resistance to hot water, steam, and safely. Certain hazards may arise during the com-
aqueous acids when appropriately compounded pounding and processing of the raw polymer into
with litharge and cured with peroxide finished products. For example, toxic vapors, which
may include hydrogen fluoride,* may be liberated
Uses from products based on Viton GF during cure, post-
Viton GF is suggested for use in sealing applications cure, or service at temperatures above 200°C (392°F).
where there is a need for exceptional resistance to Adequate ventilation should be provided in work
organic and/or hot aqueous fluids. Typical uses areas where compounds or parts of Viton GF are
include: being processed, or are likely to be exposed to
• O-rings • Diaphragms
• Lip seals • Tubing *Hydrogen fluoride is regulated as an air contaminant in the United States
• Molded shapes • Hose under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) CFR 29 1910.10.
The permissible exposure limit is a time-weighted average of 3 ppm in
any 8-hr work shift of a 40-hr work week. Excessive exposure can result
in eye, skin, and respiratory irritation, followed by possible lung damage.
temperatures in this range. Avoid breathing vapors or
dusts from such operations. By following these
precautions, there should be no problem in staying
within the limits set by OSHA.
Curatives
Viton® Curative No. 20 contains an ingredient (an
organophosphonium salt) that is toxic. The acute oral
dose to rats, which kills 50% of the animals (LD50), is
43 mg per kg of body weight. Viton Curatives No. 20,
No. 30, and No. 40 are mild skin irritants to guinea
pigs but do not cause sensitization. With all three
curatives, harmful vapors from the Viton in the
curatives may be released during processing above
200°C (392°F). Use with adequate ventilation and
avoid breathing vapors. Avoid contact with eyes, skin,
and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. For
additional handling information, read product labels
and refer to DuPont Dow Elastomers technical
bulletin H-71129-02, “Handling Precautions for
Viton® and Related Chemicals.”
Diak™ curing agents No. 1, No. 3, and No. 4 may
form flammable dust-air mixtures. Also, they may
cause irritation of eyes and skin. Keep away from
heat, sparks, and flame; use only in areas provided
with grounded equipment. Avoid breathing dust.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Wash
thoroughly after handling. In addition, Diak No. 3
is moderately toxic by inhalation, and may cause
irritation of the respiratory system. For additional
handling information, read product labels and refer
to DuPont Dow Elastomers bulletin H-71129-02,
“Handling Precautions for Viton® and Related
Chemicals.”
Diak No. 7 curing agent is a reactive polyfunctional
triazine derivative. Like the other Diak curing agents,
it may cause irritation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin,
and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. For
additional handling information, read product labels
and refer to DuPont Dow Elastomers technical
bulletin H-71129-02, “Handling Precautions for
Viton® and Related Chemicals.”
Peroxide cross-linking agents and coagents used in
curing Viton GF may present hazards in handling and
use. Read and follow label directions and consult
suppliers for hazard and handling information.
Processing Aids
VPA No. 2 has no toxicological hazards known to
DuPont Dow Elastomers. Store in a cool, dry place.
For additional handling information, read product
labels.
2
Other Compounding Ingredients
Finely divided metals should not be used as com-
pounding ingredients for Viton GF, because fluoro-
carbon stocks containing them have been known to
undergo vigorous exothermic decomposition at
elevated temperatures. Aluminum and magnesium
powder are particularly sensitive. Compounds
containing bronze powder have been exposed to
temperatures as high as 275°C (528°F) without
incident, but extreme caution is recommended with
any metal powder.
It has been found that some metal oxides in a disper-
sion at high levels in Viton will undergo an exother-
mic decomposition when heated to a temperature in
the range of 200°C (392°F). For example, a blend of
litharge/Viton (80/20) was found to decompose
exothermically when heated above 200°C (392°F).
Metallic lead was one of the products produced. Some
decomposition has also been noted in high viscosity
compounds of Viton containing 10–20 phr of metal
oxide where high frictional heat can be developed
during molding. The same sort of exothermic decom-
position takes place with litharge and other
fluoroelastomers as well as with other types of
elastomers such as natural rubber, SBR, polychloro-
prene, and ethylene/propylene copolymers. This
effect is not fully understood.
Although Viton contains no lead, it may be present in
some materials used in compounding. Lead com-
pounds have a toxic effect on the human blood,
kidneys, and nervous and reproductive systems.
Effective March 1, 1979, the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration promulgated a new standard
for occupational exposure to lead, 29 CFR 1910.1025,
which includes in its coverage metallic lead, inorganic
lead compounds, and organic lead soaps. This stan-
dard establishes a permissible exposure limit (PEL)
for lead of 50 µg/m3 (8-hr time-weighted average) in
the workplace. However, an action level of 25 µg
lead/m3 air requires special procedures described in
the regulation. Whenever working with lead com-
pounds, adequate ventilation should be provided to
keep within regulated levels. Precautions should be
taken to prevent lead powders from becoming air-
borne—i.e., use slab or solid dispersed forms instead
of powders.
Note: Other compounding ingredients that are used
with Viton GF to prepare finished products may
present hazards in handling and use. Before proceed-
ing with any compounding or processing work,
consult and follow label directions and handling
precautions from suppliers of all ingredients.
Dust from Grinding
Fine dust resulting from the grinding or abrading of
products made of Viton® GF can generate toxic
decomposition products if burned. Operators engaged
in grinding or abrading vulcanizates of Viton GF
should be cautioned to avoid contaminating tobacco
products with the fine dust. The use of tobacco in
such work areas should be prohibited. Workers should
also be advised to wash hands thoroughly before
smoking.
General Properties of Viton GF
Note: The suggestions herein are based on laboratory
tests. Because conditions of use may differ from
laboratory conditions, as with any material, DuPont
Dow Elastomers recommends that end-use evaluation
of products made from Viton GF be conducted prior
to specifications.
The following discussion is based on the performance
of a typical compound of Viton GF, which includes
an inert filler, an acid acceptor, an organic peroxide,
and a cross-linking coagent.
Processing Characteristics
As normally compounded, stock viscosity is in a good
range for processing with techniques and equipment
used for other fluoroelastomers. The peroxide/coagent
curing system suggested for most applications (usu-
ally Luperco 101-XL or Varox and Diak™ No. 7)
provides an excellent balance of good processing
safety and fast cure rate.
Stock viscosity and oscillating disk rheometer (ODR)
cure rate data for a typical compound of Viton GF are
shown in Table 1. Processing of Viton GF is dis-
cussed in more detail beginning on page 23.
3
Physical Properties
Vulcanizate physical properties of a typical peroxide-
cured compound of Viton GF are compared in
Table 1 with those of similarly loaded compounds
of Viton E-60 and Viton B that have been cured
with Viton Curatives No. 20 and No. 30. Viton GF
vulcanized with the peroxide cure system produces
significantly higher tensile strength in MT carbon
black-loaded formulations than is obtainable with
Viton E or Viton B and the dihydroxy cure system
(compare Compound 1C with Compounds 1A
and 1B).
With MT carbon black loading, Viton GF has poorer
resistance to compression set than does Viton E-60,
but is about equivalent to Viton B. The set resistance
of Viton GF can be improved by using Austin Black
as part of the filler (see Compound 1D). Austin Black
generally yields lower tensile strength than MT
carbon black, but with the peroxide curing system,
compounds containing Austin Black have very good
physical properties. Compression set resistance can
also be improved by post-curing at higher-than-
normal temperatures. A post-cure of 24 hr at 260°C
(500°F), rather than the standard 24 hr at 232°C
(450°F), is recommended for improved compression
set resistance (see “Curing,” page 27).
Vulcanizates of Viton GF are slightly stiffer at low
temperatures than are vulcanizates of Viton E-60 or
Viton B (see Clash-Berg Torsional Stiffness and
Temperature Retraction data in Table 1). However,
Viton GF is superior to both Viton E and Viton B in
resisting fracture on impact at low temperatures (see
Brittleness Temperature data). Immersion in fuels
further improves the low-temperature fracture resis-
tance of Viton GF (see “Effect of Fluids on Low-
Temperature Properties,” page 15).
 Table 1
General Physical Properties of Viton® GF vs. Viton E-60 and Viton B

1A 1B 1C 1D
Compound Viton E-60 Viton B Viton GF Viton GF

Viton E-60 100 — — —

Viton B — 100
Viton GF — —
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 30
Austin Black — —
High-activity MgO 3 3
Calcium Hydroxide 6 3
Sublimed Litharge — —
Viton Curative No. 20 1.8 3 —
Viton Curative No. 30 4 4
Diak™ No. 7 — —
Luperco® 101-XL — —
— —
100 100
30 10
— 20
— —
— —
3 3
—
— —
3 3
3 3

Stock Properties

Mooney Scorch, MS at 121°C (250°F)

Minimum Viscosity, units 34 72 40 46
Minutes to 10-unit rise 45* 28 36 25
ODR at 177°C (350°F) Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm
ts 0.2 (ts2), min 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.6
ML, N·m (in·lb) 0.8 (7) 1.4 (12) 0.9 (8) 1.1 (10)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 4.7 (42) 5.9 (52) 3.7 (33) 4.3 (38)
Mc90,N·m (in·lb) 4.3 (38) 5.4 (48) 3.4 (30) 4.0 (35)
tc90, min 5.7 4.4 6.0 6.8
Hot Strength for Demolding—Stress/Strain at 177°C (350°F)
(Measured on 1.91 mm [0.075 in] slabs,
press-cured 10 min at 177°C [350°F])
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 2.4 (350) 3.1 (450) 3.1 (450) 2.0 (300)
Elongation at Break,% 90 110 130 110

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.8 (850) 7.0 (1,025) 5.4 (775) 9.0 (1,300)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 13.6 (1,975) 15.0 (2,175) 17.6 (2,550) 13.8 (2,000)
Elongation at Break, % 200 210 210 180
Hardness, durometer A 80 80 76 77
After aging 3 days at 275°C (527°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 6.6 (950) 3.6 (525) 3.4 (500) 5.6 (800)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 11.8 (1,700) 11.6 (1,675) 12.8 (1,850) 9.8 (1,425)
Elongation at Break, % 180 260 240 170
Hardness, durometer A 81 81 74 76
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 70 hr at 200°C (392°F) 18 30 38 26
After 70 hr at 232°C (450°F) 35 56 63 40
Low-Temperature Properties—(Specimen thickness 1.91 mm [0.075 in] except where noted otherwise)
Brittleness Temperature (ASTM D2137), °C (°F)
1.91 mm (0.075 in) specimens –25 (–13) –42 (–44) –45 (–49) —
0.64 mm (0.025 in) specimens –35 (–31) –40 (–40) –52 (–62) —
Clash-Berg Torsional Stiffness (ASTM D1043),
T69 MPa (10,000 psi), °C (°F) –14 (+7) –12 (+10) –5 (+23) —
Temperature Retraction, (ASTM D1329),
TR10, °C (°F) –17 (+1) –12 (+10) –6 (+21) —

*Min to a 2-unit rise

4
Fluid Resistance Figure 1. Permeability of Viton GF to Automotive
® Fuel (ASTM E96; Membrane Thickness—
Peroxide-cured vulcanizates of Viton GF have 0.45 mm [18 mil])
exceptional fluid resistance, even in comparison with Temperature—24°C (75°F)
other fluoroelastomers. In particular, vulcanizates of
Viton GF show good resistance to property degrada-
tion and volume change in fluids that have a relatively Key 125
severe effect on standard fluoroelastomers (e.g., Viton E-60,
VITON E-60,Compound
Compound1A
1A 57
methanol, gasoline/alcohol blends, and phosphate Viton B,B,Compound
VITON Compound1B
1B

2 • 24h·
40

g/mg/m2
ester fluids). Viton GF,
VITON GF,Compound
Compound1C1C
Cure:
Cure: 10 min at 177°C [350°F]
(350°F)
Viton GF is not suitable for use in low molecular

Rate,
30

Transmission Rate,
28
weight ketones and esters, such as methyl ethyl

FuelTransmission
ketone or ethyl acetate.
20 19
Note: All fluid mixture ratios shown in this section 17
are by volume.
11
10

24 hr
Automotive Fuels

Fuel
6
3
The effect of exposure to various fuels and fuel 1
0
components on stress/strain properties of Viton GF
Reference Fuel C Reference Fuel C/ Reference Fuel C/
and Viton B is shown in Table 2. In fuel components Ethanol (85/15) Methanol (85/15)
where Viton B is known to perform well (e.g., Refer-
ence Fuel C), Viton GF gives only a marginal im-
provement. However, in fluids that affect Viton B
more severely (e.g., methanol or gasohol), Viton GF Aqueous Media
swells less and retains its properties better than does Peroxide-cured Viton GF has excellent resistance to
Viton B. aqueous fluids. It shows little change in stress/strain
Although the data in Table 2 were measured on post- properties after:
cured vulcanizates, post-curing is not necessary for • 6 weeks in 550 kPa gauge, 162°C (80 psi, 324°F)
good fuel resistance with Viton GF. As shown in steam, or 2 weeks in 1605 kPa gauge, 204°C
Table 3, post-curing only marginally reduces volume (233 psig, 400°F) steam (see Table 5)
swell after exposure to several gasohol fuel blends. • 1 week in 37% hydrochloric acid at 70°C (158°F)
Viton GF is more resistant to permeability by fuels (see Table 6)
than is Viton B or Viton E-60, as shown in Figure 1. • 3 weeks in water or ethylene glycol/water mixtures
Other Organic Fluids at 162°C (324°F).
Data on exposure of vulcanizates of Viton GF and Rust-inhibiting additives for commercial antifreeze,
Viton B to certain hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and such as Nalcool, adversely affect the performance of
dry-cleaning fluids are presented in Table 4. Viton Viton GF (and other fluoroelastomers) in water or
GF swells less and shows better retention of stress/ coolant mixtures at high pH. Slight reductions in pH
strain properties in most of the fluids listed, and will significantly reduce the deleterious effects of
performs significantly better than other fluoroelas- these additives. Compounds of Viton GF containing
tomers in Skydrol 500B. Austin Black appear more resistant to these additives
than compounds containing only MT carbon black
(see Table 7).

5
 Table 2
Resistance of Viton® GF to Automotive Fuels

2A 2B 2C
Compound Viton B Viton B Viton GF

Viton B 100 100 —

Viton GF — — 100
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 30 30
High-activity MgO 3 — —
Calcium Hydroxide 3 — —
Sublimed Litharge — 15 3
Viton Curative No. 20 3 3 —
Viton Curative No. 30 4 4 —
Diak™ No. 7 — — 3
Luperco® 101-XL — — 3

Stock Properties

ODR at 177°C (350°F) Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm

ts 0.2 (ts2), min 1.8 2.4 1.5
ML, N·m (in·lb) 1.6 (14) 1.7 (15) 0.9 (8)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 6.1 (54) 5.1 (45) 3.7 (33)
MC90, N·m (in·lb) 5.6 (50) 4.8 (42) 3.4 (30)
tc90, min 5.2 11.8 6.0

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 6.2 (900) 5.4 (775) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 15.2 (2,200) 12.2 (1,775) 17.6 (2,550)
Elongation at Break, % 220 200 210
Hardness, durometer A 78 78 75
After 1 week in Toluene at 24°C (75°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.2 (475) 2.4 (350) 5.2 (750)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 9.2 (1,325) 7.2 (1,050) 12.8 (1,850)
Elongation at Break, % 200 160 210
Hardness, durometer A 66 68 72
Volume Change, % +13 +13 +4
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C at 24°C (75°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.8 (550) 2.8 (400) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 10.8 (1,575) 8.4 (1,225) 10.8 (1,575)
Elongation at Break, % 260 340 180
Hardness, durometer A 69 64 72
Volume Change, % +6 +6 +3
After 1 week in Methanol at 24°C (75°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 2.2 (325) 1.8 (250) 4.8 (700)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 8.4 (1,225) 6.2 (900) 13.2 (1,925)
Elongation at Break, % 240 330 220
Hardness, durometer A 55 51 73
Volume Change, % +22 +22 +3
(continued)

6
 Table 2 (continued)
Resistance of Viton® GF to Automotive Fuels

2A 2B 2C
Compound Viton B Viton B Viton GF

After 1 week in Reference Fuel C/Methanol (85/15) at 24°C (75°F)

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 4.2 (600) 3.2 (475)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 7.8 (1,125) Not 9.2 (1,325)
Elongation at Break, % 220 Tested 190
Hardness, durometer A 71 72
Volume Change, % +20 +9
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C/Methanol (85/15) at 68°C (154°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.0 (425) 2.8 (400)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 6.0 (875) Not 7.0 (1,025)
Elongation at Break, % 190 Tested 180
Hardness, durometer A 62 64
Volume Change, % +29 +19
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C/Ethanol (85/15) at 24°C (75°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.8 (850) 4.0 (575)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 10.6 (1,525) Not 12.0 (1,725)
Elongation at Break, % 200 Tested 180
Hardness, durometer A 70 69
Volume Change, % +7 +4
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C/Ethanol (85/15) at 100°C (212°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.2 (475) 3.8 (550)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 8.8 (1,275) Not 9.4 (1,375)
Elongation at Break, % 180 Tested 170
Hardness, durometer A 65 67
Volume Change, % +24 +18
After 1 week in M-15 Fuel* at 54°C (129°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.4 (500)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 10.0 (1,450)
Elongation at Break, % Not Not 160
Hardness, durometer A Tested Tested 67
Volume Change, % +14
*M-15 Fuel is 42.3% toluene, 25.3% iso-octane, 12.7% di-isobutylene, 4.2% ethanol, 15% methanol, and 0.5% water (by volume).

7
 Table 3
Resistance of Viton® GF to Gasohol Blends

Compound

Viton GF 100
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30
Sublimed Litharge 3
Luperco® 101-XL 3
Diak™ No. 7 3

Vulcanizate Properties No Post-Cure With Post-Cure

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Post Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Volume Change after 4 weeks at 54°C (129°F), %

Reference Fuel C +14 +12
Reference Fuel C/Methanol (85/15) +21 +19
Reference Fuel C/Methanol/MBTE* (78/15/7) +24 +23
Reference Fuel C/Ethanol/MBTE* (78/15/7) +19 +16
*MBTE (methyl-t-butyl ether) is a proposed antiknock additive for gasohol blends.

8
 Table 4
Resistance of Viton® GF to Special Organic Fluids

4A 4B 4C
Compound Viton B Viton B Viton GF

Viton B 100 100 —

Viton GF — — 100
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 30 30
High-activity MgO 3 — —
Calcium Hydroxide 3 — —
Sublimed Litharge — 15 3
Viton Curative No. 20 3 3 —
Viton Curative No. 30 4 4 —
Diak™ No. 7 — — 3
Luperco® 101-XL — — 3

Stock Properties

ODR at 177°C (350°F)—Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm

ts0.2 (ts2), min 1.8 2.4 1.5
ML, N·m (in·lb) 1.6 (14) 1.7 (15) 0.9 (8)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 6.1 (54) 5.1 (45) 3.7 (33)
Mc90, N·m (in·lb) 5.6 (50) 4.8 (42) 3.4 (30)
tc90, min 5.2 11.8 6.0

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 6.2 (900) 5.4 (775) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 15.2 (2,200) 12.2 (1,775) 17.6 (2,550)
Elongation at Break, % 220 200 210
Hardness, durometer A 78 78 75
After 2 weeks in Shell Spirax HD (Rear Axle Lubricant) at 150°C (302°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 6.6 (950)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 11.8 (1,700)
Elongation at Break, % Not Not 150
Hardness, durometer A Tested Tested 75
Volume Change, % +2
After 1 week in Stauffer Blend 7700 at 200°C (392°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.6 (525) 2.4 (350) 4.0 (575)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 11.8 (1,700) 8.2 (1,200) 13.8 (2,000)
Elongation at Break, % 280 340 220
Hardness, durometer A 64 59 72
Volume Change, % +13 +14 +10
After 1 week in Skydrol 500B at 121°C (250°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 2.2 (325) 1.4 (200) 3.0 (425)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 3.8 (550) 2.8 (400) 8.8 (1,275)
Elongation at Break, % 160 180 170
Hardness, durometer A 43 34 55
Volume Change, % +127 +151 +45
After 1 week in Trichloroethylene at 24°C (75°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.2 (475) 2.4 (350) 4.8 (700)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 10.8 (1,575) 7.6 (1,100) 11.4 (1,650)
Elongation at Break, % 250 350 180
Hardness, durometer A 63 60 70
Volume Change, % +8 +9 +7
After 1 week in Methylene Chloride at 24°C (75°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.2 (475) 2.2 (325) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 8.6 (1,250) 5.8 (850) 8.0 (1,150)
Elongation at Break, % 240 300 120
Hardness, durometer A 59 54 65
Volume Change, % +20 +20 +16

9
 Table 5
Resistance of Viton® GF to Steam

5A 5B
Compound Viton E-60 Viton GF

Viton E-60 100 —

Viton GF — 100
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 30
High-activity MgO 3 —
Calcium Hydroxide 6 —
Sublimed Litharge — 3
Viton Curative No. 20 1.8 —
Viton Curative No. 30 4 —
Diak™ No. 7 — 3
Luperco® 101-XL — 3

Stock Properties

ODR at 177°C (350°F) Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm

ts0.2 (ts2), min 2.3 1.5
ML, N·m (in·lb) 0.8 (7) 0.9 (8)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 4.7 (42) 3.7 (33)
Mc90, N·m (in·lb) 4.3 (38) 3.4 (30)
tc90, min 5.7 6.0

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.8 (850) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 13.6 (1,975) 17.6 (2,550)
Elongation at Break, % 200 210
Hardness, durometer A 80 76
After 1 week in 550 kPa (80 psi) gauge steam at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.6 (800) 6.4 (925)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 10.0 (1,450) 16.6 (2,400)
Elongation at Break, % 190 220
Hardness, durometer A 80 80
Volume Change, % +6 +1
After 3 weeks in 550 kPa (80 psi) gauge steam at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 4.6 (675) 6.2 (900)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 6.8 (975) 15.4 (2,225)
Elongation at Break, % 140 230
Hardness, durometer A 75 78
Volume Change, % +13 +2
After 6 weeks in 550 kPa (80 psi) gauge steam at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 6.4 (925)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) Not 14.2 (2,050)
Elongation at Break, % Tested 230
Hardness, durometer A 81
Volume Change, % +2
(continued)

10
 Table 5 (continued)
Resistance of Viton® GF to Steam

5A 5B
Compound Viton E-60 Viton GF

After 1 week in 1605 kPa (233 psi) gauge steam at 204°C (400°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) Not 14.4 (2,100)
Elongation at Break, % Tested 230
Hardness, durometer A 75
Volume Change, % +1
After 2 weeks in 1605 kPa (233 psi) gauge steam at 204°C (400°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) Not 12.0 (1,750)
Elongation at Break, % Tested 240
Hardness, durometer A 71
Volume Change, % +2
After 1 week in 4590 kPa (666 psi) gauge steam at 260°C (500°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) —
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) Not 1.4 (200)
Elongation at Break, % Tested 10
Hardness, durometer A 63
Volume Change, % +4
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 70 hr in air at 200°C (392°F) 18 38
After aging in 550 kPa (80 psi)
gauge steam at 162°C (324°F)
1 week 76 53
3 weeks 79 65
6 weeks — 71

11
 Table 6
Resistance of Viton® GF to Acids

6A 6B 6C
Compound Viton B Viton B Viton GF

Viton B 100 100 —

Viton GF — — 100
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 30 30
High-activity MgO 3 — —
Calcium Hydroxide 3 — —
Sublimed Litharge — 15 3
Viton Curative No. 20 3 3 —
Viton Curative No. 30 4 4 —
Diak™ No. 7 — — 3
Luperco® 101-XL — — 3

Stock Properties

ODR at 177°C (350°F)—Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm

ts 0.2 (ts2), min 1.8 2.4 1.5
ML, N·m (in·lb) 1.6 (14) 1.7 (15) 0.9 (8)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 6.1 (54) 5.1 (45) 3.7 (33)
MC90, N·m (in·lb) 5.6 (50) 4.8 (42) 3.4 (30)
tc90, min 5.2 11.8 6.0

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 6.2 (900) 5.4 (775) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 15.2 (2,200) 12.2 (1,775) 17.6 (2,550)
Elongation at Break, % 220 200 210
Hardness, durometer A 78 78 75
After 1 week in 37% Hydrochloric Acid at 70°C (158°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 4.0 (575) 3.0 (425) 4.6 (675)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 9.2 (1,325) 8.8 (1,275) 14.8 (2,150)
Elongation at Break, % 220 400 220
Hardness, durometer A 66 68 73
Volume Change, % +49 +3 +6
After 1 week in 70% Nitric Acid at 70°C (158°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 0.7 (100) 0.8 (125) 2.0 (300)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 4.8 (700) 6.0 (875) 8.0 (1,150)
Elongation at Break, % 510 810 290
Hardness, durometer A 40 53 65
Volume Change, % +47 +15 +12

12
 Table 7
Resistance of Viton® GF to Water and Automotive Coolant Mixtures

7A 7B 7C
Compound Viton E-60 Viton GF Viton GF

Viton E-60 100 — —

Viton GF — 100 100
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 30 10
Austin Black — — 20
High-activity MgO 3 — —
Calcium Hydroxide 6 — —
Sublimed Litharge — 3 3
Viton Curative No. 20 1.8 — —
Viton Curative No. 30 4 — —
Diak™ No. 7 — 3 3
Luperco® 101-XL — 3 3

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)
Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.2 (750) 5.8 (850) 8.8 (1,275)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 12.6 (1,825) 17.4 (2,525) 14.4 (2,075)
Elongation at Break, % 210 190 180
Hardness, durometer A 74 80 82
After 1 week in Distilled Water at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.0 (725) 5.2 (750) 7.8 (1,125)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 10.8 (1,575) 15.0 (2,175) 13.0 (1,875)
Elongation at Break, % 200 200 200
Hardness, durometer A 80 73 78
Volume Change, % +9 +5 +5
After 3 weeks in Distilled Water at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.0 (725) 5.6 (825) 8.2 (1,200)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 10.6 (1,525) 16.4 (2,375) 13.2 (1,925)
Elongation at Break, % 230 230 200
Hardness, durometer A 78 77 82
Volume Change, % +11 +5 +6
After 1 week in Ethylene Glycol/Water (50/50) at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.0 (725) 6.2 (900) 7.8 (1125)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 9.4 (1,375) 15.6 (2,275) 12.8 (1,850)
Elongation at Break, % 220 200 220
Hardness, durometer A 83 77 82
Volume Change, % +9 +4 +2
After 3 weeks in Ethylene Glycol/Water (50/50) at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 4.2 (600) 5.2 (750) 7.0 (1,025)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 9.0 (1,300) 15.4 (2,225) 12.2 (1,775)
Elongation at Break, % 220 210 210
Hardness, durometer A 80 77 82
Volume Change, % +10 +2 +3
After 1 week in Nalcool® 2000*/Water (4/128 by vol) at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.6 (800) 5.4 (775) 7.0 (1,025)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 8.0 (1,150) 13.0 (1,875) 9.8 (1,425)
Elongation at Break, % 140 180 150
Hardness, durometer A 75 72 78
Volume Change, % +11 +13 +12
After 3 weeks in Nalcool 2000/Water (4/128 by vol) at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) — 4.8 (700) 5.4 (775)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 1.0 (150) 4.8 (700) 5.4 (775)
Elongation at Break, % 30 100 100
Hardness, durometer A 36 63 67
Volume Change, % +319 +61 +51
*Nalcool 2000 is a rust-inhibiting additive for commercial antifreeze. At a concentration of 4/128 (by vol) in water, (continued)
pH is 10.5; at 1/128, pH is 10.0.

13
 Table 7 (continued)
Resistance of Viton® GF to Water and Automotive Coolant Mixtures

7A 7B 7C
Compound Viton E-60 Viton GF Viton GF

After 1 week in Nalcool® 2000*/Water (1/128 by vol) at 162°C (324°F)

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.6 (800) 5.4 (775) 7.6 (1,100)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 11.2 (1,625) 14.6 (2,125) 12.2 (1,775)
Elongation at Break, % 190 210 180
Hardness, durometer A 78 74 76
Volume Change, % +8 +10 +11
After 3 weeks in Nalcool 2000/Water (1/128 by vol) at 162°C (324°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 7.6 (1,100) 5.2 (750) 7.4 (1,075)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 13.0 (1,875) 13.6 (1,975) 11.2 (1,625)
Elongation at Break, % 170 190 170
Hardness, durometer A 70 76 73
Volume Change, % +26 +12 +19
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 1 week in Distilled Water at 162°C (324°F) 76 75 69
After 3 weeks in Distilled Water at 162°C (324°F) 82 82 74
After 1 week in Ethylene Glycol/Water
(50/50) at 162°C (324°F) 88 76 75
After 3 weeks in Ethylene Glycol/Water
(50/50) at 162°C (324°F) 85 79 79
After 1 week in Nalcool 2000/Water
(4/128) at 162°C (324°F) 82 76 71
After 3 weeks in Nalcool 2000/Water
(4/128) at 162°C (324°F) 82 79 79
After 1 week in Nalcool 2000/Water
(1/128) at 162°C (324°F) 74 81 74
After 3 weeks in Nalcool 2000/Water
(1/128) at 162°C (324°F) 82 82 79

*Nalcool 2000 is a rust-inhibiting additive for commercial antifreeze. At a concentration of 4/128 (by vol) in water, pH is 10.5; at 1/128, pH is 10.0.

14
Effect of Fluids on
Compression Set Resistance
O-rings of Viton® GF maintain good compression set
resistance after fluid immersion, as shown in Table 8.
Note particularly the low set values after exposure to
toluene or Reference Fuel C, and the good long-term
compression set values, relative to standard fluoro-
elastomers, in a synthetic fluid (Mobil Jet Oil II).
Effect of Fluids on
Low-Temperature Properties
Low-temperature flexibility of vulcanizates of Viton
GF improves after immersion in Reference Fuel C
or Reference Fuel C/methanol blends (see Table 9).
This increased flexibility probably results from the
fuel being absorbed by the vulcanizate and acting as
a plasticizer. Other organic fluids that might be
absorbed by a vulcanizate of Viton GF would be
expected to give similar results.

Table 8
Compression Set Resistance of Viton® GF in Fluids

8A 8B 8C 8D
Compound Viton E-60 Viton B Viton GF Viton GF

Viton E-60 100 — — —

Viton B — 100
Viton GF — —
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 30
High-activity MgO 3 3
Calcium Hydroxide 6 3
Sublimed Litharge — —
Viton Curative No. 20 1.8 3 4
Viton Curative No. 30 4 4
Diak™ No. 7 — —
Luperco® 101-XL — —
— —
100 100
30 30
3 —
6 —
— 3
—
6 —
— 3
— 3

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings

25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
Aged in Air at 200°C (392°F)
After 70 hr 21 31 56 38
After 1 week 28 44 — 50
After 2 weeks 38 56 — 62
After 4 weeks 50 74 — 75
After 8 weeks 68 90 — 88
After 12 weeks 76 96 — 97
Aged in Mobil Jet Oil II at 200°C (392°F)
After 70 hr 3 12 — 15
After 1 week 4 21 — 29
After 2 weeks 22 35 — 40
After 4 weeks 64 56 — 54
After 8 weeks 87 75 — 66
After 12 weeks 97 88 — 76
Aged in Various Fluids
After 1 week in Toluene at 70°C (158°F) — — 35 24
After 1 week in Ref. Fuel C at 70°C (158°F) — — 35 18
After 1 week in 37% HCl at 70°C (158°F) — — 54 43
After 1 week in 550 kPa (80 psi) gauge
steam at 162°C (324°F) 76 — 94 66
After 1 week in Ethylene Glycol/Water (50/50)
at 162°C (324°F) 88 — — 76

15
 Table 9
Effect of Fluids on Low-Temperature Properties
Compound (Same as Compound 8D, Table 8)
Vulcanizate Properties
Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)
Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)
Clash-Berg Torsional Stiffness (ASTM D1043)
T69 MPa (10 ,000 psi), °C (°F)
Original –5 (+23)
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C at 54°C (129°F) –20 (–4)
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C/
Methanol (85/15) at 54°C (129°F) –21 (–6)
Temperature Retraction (ASTM D1329)
TR10, °C (°F)
Original –6 (+21)
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C at 54°C (129°F) –16 (+3)
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C/
Methanol (85/15) at 54°C (129°F) –17 (+1)
Compounding
m
eS
tsysn
giC
u
r Stocks of Viton GF containing a peroxide curing
Viton® GF may be cured with peroxides, dihydroxy
curatives, or diamines. A comparison of properties
obtained with each system is made in Table 10. The
peroxide/coagent system affords the best physical
properties, particularly tensile strength and compres-
sion set resistance. It is recommended for most
applications. However, the other systems have certain
specific advantages that are discussed later.
As shown in Table 10, the fluid resistance of Viton GF
(as measured by volume change) is generally equiva-
lent for the three curing systems, particularly in
hydrocarbon fluids. However, the peroxide system is
superior for service in dry heat, or in aqueous media
such as hot acids or steam.
Peroxide/Coagent System
A good overall combination of processing safety, cure
rate, and physical properties is provided by 3 phr each
of Luperco® 101-XL or Varox® (the peroxide) and
Diak™ No. 7 (the coagent). The effects of changing
amounts of peroxide and coagent are illustrated in
Figure 2
by a series of contour graphs. Mooney scorch time
and optimum cure time (tc90 by ODR) decrease as the
amount of peroxide is increased, but change very little
with variations in the amount of coagent. On the other
hand, 100% modulus increases and elongation at
break decreases as the amount of coagent is increased,
but these properties are not much affected by changes
in the amount of peroxide. Tensile strength and
compression set will change with changes in either
peroxide or coagent level, but appear to be somewhat
more dependent on peroxide than coagent.
16
Other peroxides and coagents can also be used with
Viton GF. Luperco 130-XL is nearly equivalent to
Luperco 101-XL, but gives slower cure rates and
slightly poorer heat aging and compression set
resistance. Luperco 231-XL, Vulkup® 40 KE, and
Percadox® 17/40 exhibit almost no curing activity,
even at 200°C (392°F), so are not recommended for
use with Viton GF. An alternate coagent, TAC
(triallyl cyanurate), affords higher tensile strength and
slightly better metal adhesion than Diak No. 7 (see
“Adhesion,” page 27). It is inferior to Diak No. 7 in
providing resistance to compression set and resistance
to aqueous fluids.
Another alternative to using Diak No. 7 as a coagent
is the use of Diak No. 8. Diak No. 8 was developed
specifically for peroxide-cured fluoroelastomers. This
coagent offers longer scorch life, slower onset of cure
(more flow), but comparable compression set resis-
tance as compared with Diak No. 7. Table 10 shows a
comparison of these three coagents in a typical 30 MT
black-filled compound of Viton GF.
system tend to stick more in molds than do stocks
containing dihydroxy (bisphenol) curatives. The use
of both an external mold release spray and an internal
mold release-process aid package is highly recom-
mended with peroxide curing systems. Amounts of
peroxide or coagent greater than 3 pph will further
aggravate mold sticking. The use of internal process
aid packages of Armeen® 18D/stearic acid/VPA No. 2
or DuPont Dow Elastomers RC-R-6156 with car-
nauba wax is highly recommended. Additional
details on mold release are discussed under “Mold-
ing,” page 26.
Dihydroxy Curatives
The dihydroxy curing system—Viton Curatives No.
20 and No. 30—does not yield as good tensile
strength or compression set resistance as does the
peroxide curing system, but does provide higher
modulus and better mold release. With Viton GF, the
amount of curative has a greater effect on modulus
than does filler content. High levels of Viton
Curatives No. 20 and No. 30 can be used to produce
high modulus vulcanizates without impairing mold
release.
A disadvantage of the dihydroxy curing system is that
calcium hydroxide must be used with it to obtain
reasonable cure rates. Calcium hydroxide causes a
significant increase in compound viscosity (compare
viscosity of Compound 10D with that of Compound
10A).
 Table 10
Comparison of Curing Systems for Viton® GF

10A 10B 10C 10D 10E

Compound Peroxide Peroxide Peroxide Dihydroxy* Diamine

Viton GF 100 100 100 100 100

MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 — 30 30 30
MT Carbon Black (N990) — 30 — — —
High-activity MgO — — — 3 —
Calcium Hydroxide — — — 6 —
Sublimed Litharge 3 3 3 — 15
VPA No. 2 — — 1.5 — —
VPA No. 3 — 1 — — —
Viton Curative No. 20 — — — 4 —
Viton Curative No. 30 — — — 6 —
Diak™ No. 7 (TAIC) 3 — — — —
Diak No. 8 (TMAIC) — 2 — — —
Triallycyanurate (TAC) — — 3 — —
Luperco® 101-XL 3 4 3 — —
Diak No. 3 — — — — 3

Stock Properties

Mooney Scorch, MS at 121°C (250°F)

Minimum Viscosity, units 38 37 37 70 42
Time to 10-unit rise, min 34.5 >45 34.5 6 units/45 min 8
ODR at 177°C (350°F)—Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm
ts 0.2 (ts2), min 1.4 2.2 1.5 3.7 1.5
ML, N·m (in·lb) 0.8 (7) 0.8 (7) 0.9 (8) 1.2 (11) 0.9 (8)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 3.3 (29) 5.4 (48) 4.1 (36) 4.3 (38) 4.2 (37)
Mc90, N·m (in·lb) 3.1 (27) 4.8 (43) 3.7 (33) 3.8 (34) 3.8 (34)
tc90, min 8.5 9.1 5.2 9.2 9.0
Hot Strength for Demolding Stress/Strain at 177°C (350°F)
(Measured on 1.91 mm [0.075 in] slabs,
press-cured 10 min at 177°C [350°F])
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 2.4 (350) — 2.8 (400) 2.4 (350) 2.4 (350)
Elongation at Break, % 150 — 150 100 140

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.8 (850) 7.4 (1,080) 5.5 (800) 7.4 (1,075) 4.4 (650)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 18.8 (2,725) 18.8 (2,720) 19.7 (2,850) 13.0 (1,875) 13.0 (1,875)
Elongation at Break, % 240 180 240 200 290
Hardness, durometer A 76 77 77 80 78
After aging 3 days at 275°C (527°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.0 (425) 5.0 (725) 3.2 (470) 4.4 (650) 2.8 (400)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 10.2 (1,475) 11.1 (1,610) 6.3 (1,325) 7.4 (1,075) 6.4 (925)
Elongation at Break, % 300 170 280 300 400
Hardness, durometer A 75 77 75 83 76
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 70 hr at 200°C (392°F) 38 34 62 44 70
After 70 hr at 232°C (450°F) 61 — 85 83 91
Volume Change, After 1 week in, %
Methanol at 24°C (75°F) 4 — — 4 4
Toluene at 24°C (75°F) 5 — — 5 5
Reference Fuel C at 24°C (75°F) 3 3 3 3 3
Reference Fuel C at 102°C (215°F) 18 — — 18 19
Skydrol 500B at 121°C (250°F) 36 — — 46 46
1605 kPa (233 psi) gauge steam at 204°C (400°F) 1 — — 6 —
4590 kPa (666 psi) gauge steam at 260°C (500°F) 4 — — 46 —

* Litharge is extremely slow-curing in Viton GF compounded with Viton Curatives No. 20 and No. 30, and is not recommended for use with the
dihydroxy curing system. Viton GF with a “cure included” (dihydroxy cure system blended in with the polymer) is marketed under the name of
Viton VTR-6191.

17
Figure 2. Effect of Amount of Peroxide and Coagent in Viton® GF
(Base compound as in Compound 10A, Table 10, with variations in amount of peroxide and coagent as
noted below.)

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)
Mooney Scorch at 121°C (250°F) ODR at 177°C (350°F)
Time to 10-Unit Rise, min Time to Optimum Cure (tc90), min
30 8 7 6
40
6 50 20 6
Diak™ No. 7, phr

Diak No. 7, phr

4 4

2 2

2.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Luperco® 101-XL, phr Luperco 101-XL, phr

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) Tensile Strength at Break, MPa (psi)

6 6
9.0
(1,300)
Diak No. 7, phr
Diak No. 7, phr

4 4 20.0
8.0 (2,900)
(1,150)

2 2 18.0
(2,600)
6.5
5.0 (950) 16.0
(725) (2,325)

2.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Luperco 101-XL, phr Luperco 101-XL, phr

Compression Set, Method B, %

Elongation at Break, % (O-Rings) 70 hr at 200°C (392°F)

35
40
6 6

160
Diak No. 7, phr
Diak No. 7, phr

4 4 50

180

2 2

200

2.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Luperco 101-XL, phr Luperco 101-XL, phr

18
Diamines
Diamines, such as Diak™ No. 3, can also be used to
cure Viton® GF. Diamine cures give less processing
safety and generally poorer vulcanizate physical
properties than peroxide cures. However, diamine
curing systems provide better adhesion to metal, and
may be useful where rubber-to-metal adhesion is
critical or difficult to obtain because of process
limitations.
Acid Acceptors
The various acid acceptors that are used with other
types of Viton can also be used in Viton GF. Each has
certain advantages and trade-offs. Choice of acid
acceptor largely depends on the curing system used.
With the peroxide curing system, litharge and dibasic
lead phosphite are the preferred acid acceptors for use
in Viton GF. They afford the best resistance to
compression set and the best resistance to aqueous
media such as steam and acids. Zinc oxide or low
activity magnesia can also be used with peroxide
curing systems; they yield slightly better physical
properties, but poorer resistance to aqueous media,
relative to litharge.
When curing with Viton Curatives No. 20 and No. 30,
a combination of high-activity magnesia and calcium
hydroxide is the preferred acid acceptor. Litharge is
impractical to use with these curatives because it
gives a very slow cure rate.
For diamine cures, litharge and low-activity MgO are
used with Viton GF. These are used at higher levels
with a diamine cure than with a peroxide cure (see
Compound 10C).
19
Fillers
Black Fillers
• Austin Black—Use of 20 phr Austin Black with
10 phr MT carbon black in place of 30 phr MT
carbon black improves compression set resistance
with a slight sacrifice in tensile strength. These
effects are illustrated in Table 11. Use of Austin
Black does not significantly change the fluid
resistance of the compound.
• MT Carbon Black—As shown in Table 12
Viton GF may be compounded with MT carbon
black for hardnesses ranging from 65 to 90 durom-
eter A. Compounds 12C and 12D both contain
30 phr MT black, but 12D shows the effect on
hardness of adding 1.5 phr VPA No. 2 and
0.5 phr stearic acid. (The use of combinations of
VPA No. 2 and stearic acid as an internal lubricant
is discussed in the Processing section under the
heading “Mold Release Agents,” page 26.)
Mineral Fillers
Many types of mineral fillers can be used in Viton
GF, as shown in Table 13. Several of these afford
excellent tensile strength compared with conventional
mineral-filled fluoroelastomer compounds. Of the
various mineral fillers evaluated, blanc fixe (precipi-
tated barium sulfate) gives the best resistance to
compression set. Nyad® 400 (fibrous calcium silicate)
and Ti-Pure® R960 (rutile titanium dioxide) give an
excellent balance of physical properties in Viton GF.
Mineral-filled compounds are generally equivalent to
black compounds in resistance to hydrocarbon fluids.
However, mineral fillers provide significantly poorer
resistance to acids and aqueous media.
 Table 11
Effect of Austin Black on Compression Set Resistance

Compound 11A 11B

Viton® GF 100 100

MT Carbon Black (N908) 30 10
Austin Black – 20
Sublimed Litharge 3 3
Diak™ No. 7 3 3
Luperco® 101-XL 3 3

Stock Properties

Mooney Scorch, MS at 121°C (250°F)

Minimum Viscosity, units 40 46
Time to 10-unit rise, min 36 25

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)
Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.4 (775) 9.0 (1,300)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 17.6 (2,550) 13.8 (2,000)
Elongation at Break, % 210 180
Hardness, durometer A 76 77
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 70 hr in air at 200°C (392°F) 38 26
After 70 hr in air at 232°C (450°F) 63 40
After 1 week in 550 kPa (80 psi) gauge steam at 162°C (324°F) 56 51
After 3 weeks in 550 kPa (80 psi) gauge steam at 162°C (324°F) 71 65
After 1 week in distilled water at 162°C (324°F) 75 69
After 3 weeks in distilled water at 162°C (324°F) 82 74

20
 Table 12
Effect of Amount of MT Carbon Black on Vulcanizate Hardness
Viton® GF 100
MT Carbon Black As Shown Below
Processing Aids As Shown Below
Sublimed Litharge 3
Diak™ No. 7 3
Luperco® 101-XL 3

Compound 12A 12B 12C 12D 12E 12F

MT Carbon Black (N908) 10 20 30 30 40 60

VPA No. 2 — — — 1.5 1.5 1.5
Stearic Acid — — — 0.5 0.5 0.5

Stock Properties

Mooney Scorch, MS at 121°C (250°F)

Minimum Viscosity, units 34 39 42 44 48 55
Time to 10-unit rise, min 29.5 28.5 29 26 24 24.5
ODR at 177°C (350°F) Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm
ts 0.2 (ts2), min 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3
ML, N·m (in·lb) 0.9 (8) 1.0 (9) 1.0 (9) 1.1 (10) 1.2 (11) 1.5 (13)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 3.0 (27) 3.4 (30) 3.6 (32) 3.8 (34) 4.1 (36) 4.8 (42)
MC90, N·m (in·lb) 2.8 (25) 3.2 (28) 3.4 (30) 3.6 (32) 3.7 (33) 4.4 (39)
tc90, min 6.5 6.4 6.5 7.7 5.7 6.7
Hot Strength for Demolding Stress/Strain at 177°C (350°F)
(Measured on 1.91 mm [0.075 in] slabs
press-cured 10 min at 177°C [350°F])
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 1.4 (200) 1.8 (250) 2.4 (350) 2.6 (375) 3.2 (475) 2.6 (375)
Elongation at Break, % 110 110 140 140 150 100

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)
Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 2.4 (350) 3.6 (525) 5.0 (725) 6.4 (925) 7.4 (1,075) 10.8 (1,575)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 15.6 (2,275) 14.4 (2,100) 18.0 (2,600) 17.0 (2,475) 17.6 (2,550) 17.0 (2,475)
Elongation at Break, % 240 200 210 200 190 140
Hardness, durometer A 65 69 75 79 81 90
After aging 7 days at 275°C (527°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 1.2 (175) 1.8 (250) 2.4 (350) 2.8 (400) 3.4 (500) 3.8 (550)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 5.8 (850) 5.6 (825) 5.4 (775) 4.8 (700) 5.4 (775) 4.4 (650)
Elongation at Break, % 350 300 260 260 220 150
Hardness, durometer A 57 63 70 72 75 87
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 70 hr at 177°C (350°F) 18 18 23 24 29 31
After 70 hr at 200°C (392°F) 32 32 31 35 46 49
After 70 hr at 232°C (450°F) 59 59 59 58 65 66

21
 Table 13
Mineral Fillers in Viton® GF
Viton GF 100
Filler As Shown Below
VPA No. 2 1.5
Dyphos® 3
Diak™ No. 7 3
Luperco® 101-XL 3

Compound 13A 13B 13C 13D 13E 13F 13G

Filler
Type of Filler Min·U·Sil Nyad® Ti-Pure® King Atomite Barytes Blanc
400 R960 Clay Whiting Fixe
Amount of Filler, phr 30 40 35 20 40 50 50

Stock Properties

Mooney Scorch, MS at 121°C (250°F)

Minimum Viscosity, units 46 38 43 39 44 37 43
Time to 10-unit rise, min 13.5 12 22 22 22.5 20 25
ODR at 177°C (350°F)—Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm
ts 0.2 (ts2), min 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3
ML, N·m (in·lb) 1.4 (12) 1.0 (9) 1.4 (12) 1.2 (11) 1.1 (10) 0.9 (8) 1.4 (12)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 3.9 (35) 3.7 (33) 3.6 (32) 3.4 (30) 3.9 (35) 3.5 (31) 3.8 (34)
MC 90, N·m (in·lb) 3.7 (33) 3.5 (31) 3.4 (30) 3.2 (28) 3.6 (32) 3.3 (29) 3.6 (32)
tC 90, min 8.0 7.5 5.8 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.0
Hot Strength for Demolding Stress/Strain at 177°C (350°F)
(Measured on 1.91 mm [0.075 in] slabs,
press-cured 10 min at 177°C [350°F])
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 2.0 (300) 3.0 (425) 2.8 (400) 2.2 (325) 2.0 (300) 1.4 (200) 2.4 (350)
Elongation at Break, % 70 110 140 110 100 100 150

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 8.2 (1,200) 6.2 (900) 4.6 (675) 8.0 (1,150) 5.6 (800) 3.4 (500) 4.8 (700)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 13.2 (1,925) 16.2 (2,350) 17.0 (2,475) 16.8 (2,425) 11.8 (1,700) 9.0 (1,300) 14.6 (2,125)
Elongation at Break, % 270 300 270 190 310 300 340
Hardness, durometer A 72 72 65 68 69 66 66
After aging 3 days at 275°C (527°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 4.8 (700) 2.2 (325) 2.6 (375) 3.2 (475) 6.8 (975) 2.4 (350) 3.0 (425)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 8.0 (1,150) 7.4 (1,075) 11.8 (1,700) 8.2 (1,200) 9.6 (1,400) 8.2 (1,200) 10.6 (1,550)
Elongation at Break, % 230 460 390 310 180 460 380
Hardness, durometer A 69 65 62 68 72 62 62
After aging 7 days at 275°C (527°F)
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 4.4 (650) 1.8 (250) 2.0 (300) 2.6 (375) 5.2 (750) 1.8 (250) 2.2 (325)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 6.2 (900) 4.4 (650) 7.0 (1,025) 3.0 (425) 6.0 (875) 5.4 (775) 6.8 (975)
Elongation at Break, % 330 480 400 200 170 450 330
Hardness, durometer A 76 70 67 69 81 71 72
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 70 hr at 200°C (392°F) 42 44 43 41 45 41 35
After 70 hr at 232°C (450°F) 62 65 62 65 61 62 53

22
Processing Table 14
Mill-Mixing Procedure for Viton® GF
Mixing
Compounds of Viton® GF may be mixed on a rubber Suggested Batch Weights
mill or in an internal mixer using normal techniques Mill Size, cm (in) Batch Weight, kg (lb)
for fluoroelastomers. Adequate ventilation should be 91 (36) 12.5–15 (27.5–33)
provided during mixing to avoid possible exposure to 102 (40) 16–18 (35–40)
122 (48) 21.5–25 (45–55)
toxic vapors or litharge fumes (see “Handling Precau- 152 (60) 34–41 (75–90)
tions,” page 1).
Mixing Procedure
Mill Mixing 1. Band the gum polymer on a dry, cool mill at 24–38°C
An optimum mill-mixing procedure for compounds (75–100°F).
of Viton GF is given in Table 14. Correct batch size 2. Preblend all compounding ingredients, including any
is important; if there is too much stock, it may bag off processing aids, in a separate container. Add the
the mill. Also, the mill rolls must have adequate preblended ingredients at a rapid, uniform rate
across the width of the nip, allowing the loose filler
cooling capacity. If not, the stock may build up to fall into the mill pan.
excessive heat, soften, and stick to the rolls. 3. Sweep the pan and add the loose material to the
Because Diak™ No. 7 is a liquid above 27°C (80°F)*, batch before cutting the sheet.
it can cause the stock to slip on the rolls and thus 4. After incorporating the ingredients, cut the band six
reduce mixing efficiency. Dispersions of TAIC times on each side. Refine the stock by “cigar-
rolling” six times through a tight nip.
(triallyl isocyanurate, the active ingredient in Diak
No. 7) on a calcium silicate carrier are available, and 5. If optimal dispersion is needed, allow the stock to
“rest” for 24 hr. Then remill as in Step 4.
are much easier to incorporate in a mill mix (see
“Proprietary Materials,” page 30).
Mixing in an Internal Mixer A typical extruder temperature profile that has
Compounds of Viton GF can be mixed in one pass in produced high-quality extrudates is:
an internal mixer. Mixing times vary from 3 to 4 min, Feed 24°C (75°F)
depending upon the efficiency of the equipment. Barrel 24°C (75°F)
Recommended load factors are the same as those
Screw 65°C (150°F)
commonly employed for mixing compounds of other
Viton fluoroelastomers—i.e., approximately 0.7. Head 105°C (220°F)
Die 140°C (285°F)
A suggested procedure for mixing a typical com-
Extrudate Temperature 93–110°C (200–230°F)
pound of Viton GF in a 3D Banbury is given in
Table 15.
Extrusion of compounds of Viton GF can be im-
Extrusion proved by adding a viscosity modifier to the com-
Compounds of Viton GF may be processed in extru- pound. Armeen® 18D, at levels of 0.5–1.0 phr, is
sion equipment commonly used for fluorocarbon recommended. This additive reduces viscosity
elastomers. One word of caution, however—Diak without significantly affecting scorch, cure rate,
No. 7 and Viton GF can interact to produce “nervy” mechanical properties, or fluid resistance. It does
extrudates. Sufficient heat must be put into the stock cause a slight decrease in compression set resistance,
to break down this effect. Smooth, quality extrudates however. These effects are shown in Table 16.
can be obtained by:
• keeping the extrudate temperature between 93° and
110°C (200 and 230°F), and
• incorporating a wax-type extrusion aid, such as
VPA No. 2 (0.5–1.5 phr)

*Diak No. 7 should be stored at temperatures above 27°C (80°F) to

prevent crystallization. If part of the Diak No. 7 in a container solidifies,
the entire contents of the container should be remelted. Do not pour off
liquid from the container if solid Diak No. 7 is present.

23
 Table 15
Procedure for Mixing Viton® GF in an Internal Mixer
Typical Formulation and Batch Size (3D Banbury)
Ingredient phr kg lb
Viton GF 100 70.3 155
MT Carbon Black 30 21.1 46.5
Sublimed Litharge 3 2.1 4.65
Luperco® 101-XL 3 2.1 4.65
Diak™ No. 7 3 2.1 4.65
VPA No. 2 1 0.7 1.55
——— ——— ———
Total 140 98.4 217

Mixing Conditions
1. Full cooling water circulating through the shell and rotors.
2. Ram pressure: 414–552 kPa (60–80 psi) gauge.
3. Rotor speed: 30–40 rev/min.

Mixing Procedures
1. Premix all dry compounding ingredients in a clean, rigid container.
2. Add compounding ingredients to the internal mixer.
3. Last, add the preweighed Viton GF to the internal mixer.
4. Mix cycle:
Time, Recorder
min Operation Temperature
0 Ram down, begin to mix 27°C (80°F)
1.0 Mix
2.0 Ram up, sweep, ram down, 75°C (160°F)
continue to mix
2.5 Ram up, sweep, ram down, 93°C (180°F)
continue to mix
3.0 Dump 99°C (210°F)

Finishing
1. The dump mill should be dry, with a roll temperature of approximately 38–52°C (100–125°F). Open the nip
initially to permit passage of chunks of stock.
2. After the stock has banded, cut it several times from each side to ensure good dispersion of all ingredients.
3. Slab off and cool.

24
 Table 16
Effect of Armeen 18D on Compound Viscosity

Viton® GF 100
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30
Sublimed Litharge 3
Diak™ No. 7 3
Luperco® 101-XL 3
VPA No. 2 1.25
Stearic Acid 0.25
Armeen® 18D As Shown Below

Compound 16A 16B 16C 16D

Armeen 18D, phr 0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Stock Properties

Mooney Scorch, MS at 121°C (250°F)

Minimum Viscosity, units 45 28 23 18
Time to 10-unit rise, min 31 31.5 37.5 42
ODR at 177°C (350°F)—Microdie, 3° Arc, 100 cpm
ts0.2 (ts2), min 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5
ML, N·m (in·lb) 2.1 (19) 1.7 (15) 1.5 (13) 1.3 (11.5)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 8.0 (71) 7.6 (67) 7.1 (63) 6.9 (61)
Mc90, N·m (in·lb) 7.2 (64) 6.8 (60) 6.4 (57) 6.2 (55)
tc90, min 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.6
Hot Strength for Demolding Stress/Strain at 177°C [350°F])
(Measured on 1.91 mm [0.075 in] slabs
press-cured 10 min at 177°C [350°F])
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 2.4 (350) 2.4 (350) 2.0 (300) 1.9 (275)
Elongation at Break, % 100 130 160 140

Vulcanizate Properties

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Cure: 24 hr at 232°C (450°F)

Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)—Original

100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 7.6 (1,100) 8.2 (1,200) 8.0 (1,150) 8.4 (1,225)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 18.0 (2,600) 17.8 (2,575) 17.6 (2,550) 16.8 (2,425)
Elongation at Break, % 200 190 190 180
Hardness, durometer A 79 77 81 78
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 70 hr at 177°C (350°F) 29 32 34 36
After 70 hr at 200°C (392°F) 38 47 51 57
After 70 hr at 232°C (450°F) 63 69 72 77
Volume Change, %
After 1 week in Reference Fuel C/Methanol
(85/15) at 54°C (129°F) +17 +17 +18 +18
After 4 weeks in 550 kPa (80 psi) gauge
steam at 162°C (324°F) +0.1 +0.1 +0.2 –0.4
After 2 weeks in Ethylene Glycol/Water
(50/50) at 100°C (212°F) +0.8 +0.6 +0.5 +0.1
After 2 weeks in 37% HCl at 100°C (212°F) +6 +6 +6 +7

25
Calendering
®
When calendering compounds of Viton GF, the
middle roll should be kept at 50–60°C (122–140°F)
and the top roll at 70–75°C (158–167°F). The stock
may stick to rolls hotter than 80°C (176°F), particu-
larly in sheets less than 1.0 mm (40 mil) thick. If
sticking occurs, small amounts of a process aid may
be added to the compound. Too much process aid will
cause bagging and tearing of the sheet.
Molding
Typical compression molding operations require
temperatures of 168–190°C (335–375°F), pressure of
17.2 MPa gauge (2500 psi), and delayed bumping of
the press. Molding cycles will vary as a function of
the compound, curative types and levels, mold design
and mold temperatures. The same general procedures
and precautions should be exercised in molding items
from compounds of Viton GF as with other Viton
fluoroelastomers.
Careful attention should be given to the condition of
the molds. A routine cleaning and inspection schedule
should be followed. These points are important:
• Molds should be inspected to ensure that they close
tightly. If they don’t, the molded parts will often
contain trapped air or surface imperfections.
• Molds should be free of scratches and nicks that
will cause surface imperfections and weak points in
the fabricated item.
• Molds should be clean. Mold dirt will impair the
flow of polymer in the mold, impart surface imper-
fections, and cause molded parts to stick to the
mold surface.
• Mold temperature is very important in obtaining
uniform, fast cures. Temperatures should be
checked with a calibrated pyrometer at regular
intervals while molding.
If better flow in the mold is needed, stock viscosity
can be reduced by adding a viscosity depressant such
as Armeen® 18D at a concentration of 0.5–1.0 phr
(see Table 16).
Mold Release Agents
Peroxide-cured compounds of Viton GF typically
exhibit a greater tendency to stick to molds than do
compounds cured with Viton Curatives No. 20 and
No. 30. Sticking can be reduced by using either an
external release agent, an internal release agent, or
both.
26
• External Release Agents—McLube 1779, an
external demolding agent, is a highly effective
release agent for those applications where an
external mold lubricant can be tolerated. It is an
aqueous emulsion that should be further diluted
(approximately 1:50) with water and sprayed onto a
mold heated to press temperature. Optimum dilution
should be defined in the specific molding process.
Several moldings can be made from one applica-
tion. Over-application of release agent should be
avoided, because it may cause knit defects in the
finished part.
Another effective external mold release spray for
Viton GF is Monocoat® E-91 from ChemTrend.
This mold release was specifically developed for
peroxy- cured fluoroelastomers and has proved to
be very effective.
• Internal Release Agents—Where no external
release agent can be tolerated, or additional mold
release ease beyond what a mold spray can offer, an
effective internal system is a combination of VPA
No. 2, stearic acid, and Armeen levels of approxi-
mately 1.0, 0.25, and 0.75, respectively. The
amounts of each ingredient might be varied for
optimum performance in specific compounds;
however, addition of high levels of stearic acid and
Armeen 18D can cause “bagging” on the mill
during mixing, and knitting difficulties during
molding.
In addition to aiding mold release, Armeen 18D
reduces compound viscosity and appears to aid
metal adhesion (see “Adhesion,” page 27). Combi-
nation of the internal and external systems may be
effective where improvements in metal adhesion
and ease of release are both required.
Another internal release system for compounds
of Viton GF that was developed after the Armeen-
stearic acid-VPA No. 2 system is the use of DuPont
Dow Elastomers chemical RC-R-6156 in com-
bination with carnauba wax or VPA No. 2. When
using this system the peroxy coagent level should
be cut in half (1.5 pph Diak No. 7 rather than
3.0 pph Diak No. 7). The normal levels of release
aids recommended in this system is 0.3 pph of
RC-R-6156 with 1.0 pph of carnauba wax.
Traditional Viton Process Aids, or so-called VPAs,
can be used in the systems mentioned above or by
themselves. The best products to improve mold
release of Viton GF are VPA No. 2 and new VPA
No. 3. These process aids are normally used at a
1–2 pph level.
Curing
®
Peroxide-cured compounds of Viton GF can be
press-cured at a temperature range of 150–188°C
(302°–370°F), as shown by the ODR data in Table 17.
For optimum vulcanizate properties, the compound
should also be post-cured. An oven post-cure of 24 hr
at 232°C (450°F) is normally recommended. The
effect of other post-cure times and temperatures is
shown in Table 17. Note that compression set resis-
tance improves with increasing post-cure time and
temperature.
Parts of Viton GF having a cross-section greater than
6.4 mm (0.25 in) should be step-cured to avoid
fissuring. The thickness of the part will affect the step-
cure cycle in terms of the starting oven temperature
and the time required at each stage of temperature
increase—usually in 28°C (50°F) increments. If
fissuring in particularly thick parts is a problem, the
addition of 3 phr of calcium oxide will aid in reducing
internal voids. Calcium oxide can be difficult to
disperse. It is best to use the finest particle size
available or a predispersed form (see “Proprietary
Materials,” page 30).
Adhesion
Proper preparation of metal inserts is critical to
obtaining a good adhesive bond. Refer to DuPont
Dow Elastomers technical bulletin H-73593-01,
“Adhering Viton® to Metal During Vulcanization” for
details.
27
The following points are specific to Viton GF:
• A 50/50 blend of Thixon ® 300 and 301 adhesives
gives good metal adhesion.
• Chemlok® 607 or Chemosil® 511 have also
demonstrated good metal adhesion. These adhe-
sives may be used undiluted or diluted with
absolute methanol, as end-use demands require.
• Use of TAC (triallyl cyanurate) as a cross-linking
agent improves adhesion.
• Armeen 18D, a viscosity modifier, also appears to
improve adhesion.
Solution Applications
Viton GF is soluble in low molecular weight esters
and ketones (e.g., ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone)
so its compounds can be used in solution applica-
tions. These solutions exhibit good pot life using the
standard peroxide-cured formulations. All com-
pounds used in solution applications should be
predispersed on a rubber mill or internal mixer and
then added to the solvent. Coatings of Viton GF
must be properly dried before curing to avoid
pinholes and blisters.
The use of dry solvents is imperative for successful
solution processing of Viton GF. Any water in the
solvents will accelerate cross-linking and reduce pot
life.
 Table 17
Effect of Curing Conditions on Properties of Viton® GF

Compound

Viton GF 100
MT Carbon Black (N908) 30
Sublimed Litharge 3
Diak™ No. 7 3
Luperco® 101-XL 3
VPA No. 2 1.5

Effect of Pressure Temperature

ODR Cure Trace at 150°C (302°F) 160°C (320°F) 177°C (350°F) 188°C (370°F)
Microdie, 1° Arc, 100 cpm
ts0.2 (ts2), min 4.3 2.3 1.5 1.0
ML, N·m (in·lb) 1.1 (10) 1.0 (0.9) 1.0 (0.9) 0.9 (8)
MHF, N·m (in·lb) 3.5 (31) 3.7 (33) 3.5 (31) 3.6 (32)
Mc90, N·m (in·lb) 3.3 (29) 3.5 (31) 3.3 (29) 3.4 (30)
tc90, min 18.5 14.2 6.3 3.6

Effect of Post-Cure Time and Temperature

Press Cure: 10 min at 177°C (350°F)

Oven Post-Cure: 200°C (392°F), 232°C (450°F), 260°C (500°F)
Stress/Strain and Hardness at 24°C (75°F)
No Post-Cure
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 3.2 (475) 3.2 (475) 3.2 (475)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 11.0 (1,600) 11.0 (1,600) 11.0 (1,600)
Elongation at Break, % 320 320 320
Hardness, durometer A 68 68 68
Post-Cured 6 hr
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 4.4 (650) 4.8 (700) 4.4 (650)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 14.2 (2,050) 17.0 (2,475) 19.2 (2,775)
Elongation at Break, % 240 240 260
Hardness, durometer A 70 70 73
Post-Cured 12 hr
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 4.4 (650) 5.0 (725) 5.6 (800)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 15.0 (2,175) 17.4 (2,525) 16.8 (2,425)
Elongation at Break, % 240 250 210
Hardness, durometer A 69 72 71
Post-Cured 24 hr
100% Modulus, MPa (psi) 5.0 (725) 5.8 (850) 5.6 (800)
Tensile Strength, MPa (psi) 16.6 (2,400) 18.8 (2,725) 16.4 (2,375)
Elongation at Break, % 240 240 220
Hardness, durometer A 74 74 73
Compression Set, Method B, %, O-Rings
25.4 mm x 3.5 mm (1.0 in x 0.139 in)
After 70 hr at 200°C (392°F)
No Post-Cure 71 71 71
Post-Cured 6 hr 65 56 47
Post-Cured 12 hr 62 53 41
Post-Cured 24 hr 47 38 32
After 70 hr at 232°C (450°F)
No Post-Cure 85 85 85
Post-Cured 6 hr 79 71 65
Post-Cured 12 hr 74 68 59
Post-Cured 24 hr 73 63 58

28
 Test Methods

Property Measured Test Procedure

Compression Set ASTM D395-85, Method B (25% deflection)

Compression Set—Low Temperature ASTM D1229-87, Method B (25% deflection)
Compression Set, O-Rings ASTM D1414-78 (87)
Hardness ASTM D2240-87, durometer A
Mooney Scorch ASTM D1646-87, using the small rotor.
Minimum viscosity and time to a 1-,
5-, or 10-unit rise are reported.
Mooney Viscosity ASTM 1646-87, Ten pass 100°C, 121°C
ODR (Vulcanization characteristics measured ASTM D2084
with an oscillating disk cure meter)
Property Change After Oven Heat-Aging ASTM D573-88
Stress/Strain Properties
100% Modulus ASTM D412-87, pulled
Tensile Strength at 8.5 mm/s (20 in/min)
Elongation at Break
Stiffness, Torsional, Clash-Berg ASTM D1043-87
Temperature Retraction ASTM D1329-88
Volume Change in Fluids ASTM D471-79
Note: Test temperature is 24°C (75°F), except where specified otherwise.

29
References
1. “Peroxide-Curable Fluoroelastomers,”
J. B. Finlay, A. Hallenbeck, and J. D.
MacLachlan, Journal of Elastomers and Plastics
Vol. 10, January 1978.
2. “Processing Peroxide-Curable Fluoroelastomers,”
J. E. Alexander and H. Omura, presented at the
110th meeting of the Rubber Division, American
Chemical Society, San Francisco, October 1976.
3. “Improved Steam Resistance for Fluoroelasto-
mers,” L. F. Pelosi and E. T. Hackett, ibid.
30
4. “A New Fluoroelastomer for Low Temperature
Applications,” J. D. MacLachlan and
A. Hallenbeck, Gummi Asbest Kunstoffe,
Stuttgart, Jahrgang 30, May 1977.
5. “A New Fluoroelastomer for Low Temper-
ature Applications,” A. Hallenbeck and
J. D. MacLachlan, Elastomerics, January 1977.
6. “An Improved Processing Fluoroelastomer
Having Improved Fluid Resistance,” J. G. Bauerle
and J. B. Finlay, presented at the 117th meeting of
the Rubber Division, American Chemical Society,
Las Vegas, May 1980.
Proprietary Materials
Proprietary compounding ingredients and test fluids mentioned in this bulletin are identified below. The materials
cited were those used in our work to obtain the reported results. This list is not exhaustive, nor is it intended to
infer an endorsement of these manufacturers over any others who supply comparable products. In some cases,
other materials may be substituted. However, we suggest that you contact your DuPont Dow Elastomers represen-
tative before making any untested substitutions.

Materials Composition Supplier

Viton® Fluoroelastomer Fluorinated synthetic rubber

™
Diak No. 3 Curing Agent
Diak No. 7 Curing Agent
Diak No. 8 Curing Agent
RC-R-6156 Processing Aid
N,N'-dicinnamylidene-
1,6 hexanediamine
Organic triazine (TAIC)
Trimethyallyl isocyanurate
(TMAIC)
1,8 naphthalenediamine- DuPont Dow Elastomers
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl Wilmington, DE 19809

Viton Curative No. 20 Organophosphonium salt

Viton Curative No. 30 Dihydroxy aromatic
compound
VPA No. 2 Processing Aid Natural vegetable wax
VPA No. 3 Processing Aid Sulfone on inert carrier
Armeen® 18D Aliphatic Amine Octadecyl amine Akzo Chemicals Inc.
Chicago, IL 60606

Atomite Whiting Ground calcium carbonate E.C.C. America Calcium Products

Atlanta, GA 30342

Austin Black Black filler derived Harwick Chemical Corp.

from bituminous coal Akron, OH 44305

Barytes Barium sulfate (ground) Smith Chemical & Color Co. Inc.
Jamaica, NY 11412

Blanc Fixe No. 1525 Precipitated barium Whitaker, Clark & Daniels
sulfate South Plainfield, NJ 07080

Calcium Hydroxide Calcium hydroxide The C.P. Hall Co.

Chicago, IL 60638
Calcium Oxide Calcium oxide

Chemlok® 607 Adhesive Proprietary adhesive Hughson Chemicals

composition–Methanol based Lord Corporation
Department T
Erie, PA 16521

Chemosil® 511 Proprietary adhesive Henkel and Cie, Gmbh

composition Dusseldorf, Germany

Cri-L-90 Litharge (PbO) dispersion

in fluoroelastomer Cri-Tech Inc.
Hanover, MA 02339
Cri-O-50 Calcium oxide (CaO)
dispersion in fluoroelastomer
(continued)

31
Proprietary Materials (continued)

Materials Composition Supplier

DL-70 Dispersion of triallyl Lehman & Voss, Gmbh

isocyanurate (TAIC) Hamburg, Germany
70% active ingredient
on calcium silicate
(Microcel E)

Dri-Mix (75% TAIC) Dispersion of triallyl Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc.

isocyanurate (TAIC), Bayonne, NJ 07002
75% active ingredient
on calcium silicate
(Microcel E)

Dyphos® Dibasic lead phosphite NL Industries, Inc.

Industrial Chemicals Division
Hightstown, NJ 08520

King Clay South Carolina H.M. Royal, Inc.

silicate clay Trenton, NJ 08601

Luperco® 101-XL 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis

Organic Peroxide [t-butyl peroxy]
hexane, 45% active
ingredient on inert
carrier

Luperco 130-XL 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis

[t-butyl peroxy] Lucidol Division
hexane-3, 45% active Pennwalt Corporation
ingredient on inert Buffalo, NY 14240
carrier

Luperco 231-XL 1,1-bis [t-butyl peroxy]-

3,3,5-trimethyl cyclo-
hexane, 45% active
ingredient on inert
carrier

High-activity MgO High-activity magnesium

oxide The C.P. Hall Co.
Chicago, IL 60638
Low-activity MgO Low-activity magnesium
oxide

McLube 1779 Proprietary mold release McLube Division

agent McGee Industries
Aston, PA 19014

Min-U-Sil Sized crystalline silica- Summit Chemical Company

silicon dioxide Akron, OH 44313

Monocoat® E-91 Solvent-based mold Chem-Trend Inc.

release spray for peroxide- Howell, MI 48843
cured fluoroelastomers

Nalcool® 2000 Rust Inhibitor Proprietary rust- Nalco Chemical Company

inhibiting additive Oak Brook, IL 60521
for commercial anti-
freeze
(continued)

32
Proprietary Materials (continued)

Materials Composition Supplier

Nyad® 400 Fibrous calcium Harwick Chemical Corp.

(Previously Wollastonite P-4) metasilicate Akron, OH 44305

Percadox® 17/40 N-butyl-4,4-bis[t-butyl Akzo Chemicals Inc.

(Now called Trigonox 17/40) peroxy] valerate on Chicago, IL 60606
calcium carbonate

Prespersion C-3471 TAIC dispersed on

fibrous calcium
metasilicate (Nyad 400)
33% active ingredient
Synthetic Products Company
Prespersion C-3472 TAIC dispersed on ultra- Stratford, CT 06497
fine magnesium silicate
(Mistron Vapor)
33% active ingredient

Prosperse FCL Litharge dispersion on

fluoroelastomer No Listing for Prolastomer—
See Cri-Tech’s
Prosperse FCO-75 Calcium oxide dispersion Cri-L-90 & Cri-O-50
on fluoroelastomer

Reference Fuel C Blend of: Fisher Scientific Company

50% Toluene Chemical Manufacturing Div.
Fairlawn, NJ 07410

50% Iso-octane Phillips Petroleum Company

Petrochemical and Supply Div.
Bartlesville, OK 74004

Skydrol 500B Functional Fluid Phosphate ester Monsanto Company

hydraulic fluid St. Louis, MO 63141

Spirax HD Rear Axle Lubricant High viscosity Shell Oil Company

petroleum grease Houston, TX 77201

Stauffer Blend 7700 Diester hydraulic Akzo Chemicals Inc.

(Now called “Blend 7700”) test fluid Chicago, IL 60606

Stearic Acid Stearic acid The C.P. Hall Co.

Chicago, IL 60638

Sublimed Litharge Lead oxide (PbO) Eagle Pitcher Industries, Inc.

No. 33 (yellow powder) Chemicals Department
Joplin, MO 64802

TAC Triallyl cyanurate American Cyanamid Co.

Industrial Chemicals Div.
Wayne, NJ 07470

Thermax MT Medium thermal R.T. Vanderbilt, Co., Inc.

carbon black Norwalk, CT 06855

Thixon 300 Adhesive primers Dayton Chemical Prod. Div.

Thixon 301 Whittaker Chemical Corp.
West Alexandria, OH 45381

Ti-Pure® R960 Titanium Rutile titanium dioxide DuPont Company

Dioxide Pigment Wilmington, DE 19898
(continued)

33
Proprietary Materials (continued)

Materials Composition Supplier

Varox® 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc.

(t-butyl peroxy) hexane, Norwalk, CT 06855
45% active ingredient
on inert carrier

Vicron® 15-15 Natural ground calcium Whittaker, Clark & Daniels Inc.
carbonate South Plainfield, NJ 07080

Vul-Cup® 40 KE α,α'-bis(t-butyl Hercules, Inc.

peroxyl) diisopropyl Wilmington, DE 19899
benzene

34
35
For more information on Viton® (800) 853-5515 (U.S. & Canada)
or other elastomers: (302) 792-4000
www.dupont-dow.com

Global Headquarters European Regional Asia Pacific Regional

DuPont Dow Elastomers L.L.C. Headquarters Headquarters
300 Bellevue Parkway, Suite 300 DuPont Dow Elastomers S.A. DuPont Dow Elastomers Pte Ltd.
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Fax. (302) 892-7390 Geneva, Switzerland Singapore 099253
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Fax. +41-22-717-4001 Fax. +65-275-9395

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DuPont Dow Elastomers Ltda. P.O. Box 306
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05423-912 Fax. (410) 392-2540
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Tel. +55-11-816-0256
Fax. +55-11-814-6845

The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and is based on technical data that DuPont Dow Elastomers believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having
technical skill, at their own discretion and risk. The handling precaution information contained herein is given with the understanding that those using it will satisfy themselves that their
particular conditions of use present no health or safety hazards. Because conditions of product use and disposal are outside our control, we make no warranties, express or implied, and
assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. As with any material, evaluation of any compound under end-use conditions prior to specification is essential. Nothing
herein is to be taken as a license to operate under or a recommendation to infringe on any patents.
CAUTION: Do not use in medical applications involving permanent implantation in the human body. For other medical applications, discuss with your DuPont Dow Elastomers
customer service representative, and read Medical Caution Statement, H69237.

Viton ® is a registered trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers.

Copyright © 1997, 1998 DuPont Dow Elastomers.
All Rights Reserved.

(12/98) 300671A Printed in U.S.A.

[Replaces: H-71123]
Reorder No.: H-71123-01