CZECH UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES

PRAGUE
Faculty of Economics and Management
Department of Systems Engineering

IT for e-business

VOIP Technology

Office 2.0 (Google Docs)

Prague 2012
CONTENT PAGE
Introduction........................................................................................ 3

How voip works..................................................................................3

What are speech codec’s and what role codec plays in VoIP?..........6

Voip Services................................................................................... 7

IP PBX system for enterprises...........................................................8

Conclusion.......................................................................................11

Referances.......................................................................................12
Introduction

Voice over IP, we know as VoIP, is also called Internet Telephony and IP Telephony. Although
these terms do not have the exact technical meaning, they are often used interchangeably in
the media. We can say, Voice over IP is a technology that allows you to make local and
international calls for free or very cheap. People, who replaced their traditional phone lines
with Voice over IP, have cut their communication costs considerably, some even by 90%. Cost-
cutting is not the only benefit of Voice over IP – it also gives you many features that enrich and
enliven your communication experience, among many other benefits. VoIP and IP telephony
are becoming increasingly popular with large corporations and consumers alike. For many
people, Internet Protocol (IP) is more than just a way to transport data, it's also a tool that
simplifies and streamlines a wide range of business applications. Telephony is the most obvious
example. VoIP is also the foundation for more advanced unified communications applications
including Web and video conferencing that can transform the way you do business.

How VoIP Works

VoIP converts the voice signal from your telephone into a digital signal that can travel over the
Internet. If you are calling a regular telephone number, the signal is then converted back at the
other end. Depending on the type of VoIP service, you can make a VoIP call from a computer, a
special VoIP phone, or a traditional phone with or without an adapter. In addition, new wireless
"hot spots" in public locations such as airports, parks and cafes allow you to connect to the
Internet, and may enable you to use VoIP service wirelessly. If your VoIP service provider
assigns you a regular telephone number, then you can receive calls from regular telephones
that don’t need special equipment, and most likely you’ll be able to dial just as you always
have. Besides the low cost relative to the circuit-switched domain, many new features of IP
services become available. For instance, incoming phone calls on the PSTN can be automatically
rerouted to a user's VoIP phone, as long as it's connected to a network node. This arrangement
has clear advantages over a global-enabled cell phone, since there are no roaming charges
involved. From the VoIP standpoint, the end user's location is irrelevant; it is simply seen as just
another network-connection point. This is especially useful where wireless local-area networks
(LANs) are available; IEEE-Standard-802.11-enabled VoIP handsets allow conversations at
worldwide Wi-Fi hotspots without the need to worry about mismatched communications
infrastructure and transmission standards.

Here is one example of how VoIP service works:

We can have 3 types of tools for using VOIP connection:

 ATA adapters
 IP Phones
 Computer-to-Computer connection
ATA is an analog telephone adaptor or ATA is an analog-to-digital converter and is used for VoIP
calling. It basically allows the user to use VoIP by connecting a standard phone to the internet
connection or to the computer itself. It works on a simple principle that is taking the analog
signals from the phone and converting it into digital data so that it can be transmitted over the
internet. Start by extracting the actual ATA out of the box, plug in the cable that is present on
your phone, which would otherwise go into the wall socket, in the ATA, and you’re well on your
way to experience the pleasures of VoIP calling. It's a very simple setup and you should have
little to no problem getting on with it.

IP Phones are not usual phones. Although IP Phones may look like the standard phone with
their cradle, handset and buttons but in reality they are specialized devices that aid in VoIP
calling. They have an RJ-45 Ethereal connector instead of the usual RJ-11 phone connector
which is what sets them apart from other phones. IP Phones have the ability to connect to your
router directly and have all the required hardware and software to support IP calls. VoIP calls
can also be made with Wi-Fi phones from any Wi-Fi hot spot.

Computer-to-Computer method is by far the easiest way to make use of VoIP. Forget about
paying hefty amounts of money for long-distance calls. A microphone, speakers, the correct
software, a sound card and of course an internet connection is all you will need to get started.
All in all, computer-to-computer calling is going to be free although you will have to pay a
monthly ISP fee. There are different software for computers. The most popular is X-lite.
What are speech codec’s and what role codec plays in VoIP?

Speech codec play a vital role in VoIP and codec determines the quality and cost of the call. You
may have heard about data compression, or probably you have heard about air compressor
which compresses a volume of air in enclosed container, VoIP codec’s are no different than a air
compressor. Speech codec’s compresses voice into data packets and decompresses it upon
arrival at destination. Some VoIP codec’s can compress huge amount of voice while maintaining
QoS which means use this type of codec will cost less because it will consume just a fraction of
data network. Some codec’s are just not capable of encoding huge amount of voice they simply
consume huge amount of data networks bandwidth hence the cost goes up.

Following is a list of VoIP codec’s along with how much data network bandwidth they consume.

* AMR Codec

* Broad Voice Codec 16Kbps narrowband, and 32Kbps wideband

* GIPS Family – 13.3 Kbps and up

* GSM – 13 Kbps (full rate), 20ms frame size

* iLBC – 15Kbps,20ms frame size: 13.3 Kbps, 30ms frame size

* ITU G.711 – 64 Kbps, sample-based Also known as alaw/ulaw

* ITU G.722 – 48/56/64 Kbps ADPCM 7Khz audio bandwidth

* ITU G.722.1 – 24/32 Kbps 7Khz audio bandwidth (based on Polycom’s SIREN codec)

* ITU G.722.1C – 32 Kbps, a Polycom extension, 14Khz audio bandwidth

* ITU G.722.2 – 6.6Kbps to 23.85Kbps. Also known as AMR-WB. CELP 7Khz audio bandwidth

* ITU G.723.1 – 5.3/6.3 Kbps, 30ms frame size

* ITU G.726 – 16/24/32/40 Kbps

* ITU G.728 – 16 Kbps

* ITU G.729 – 8 Kbps, 10ms frame size

* Speex – 2.15 to 44.2 Kbps

* LPC10 – 2.5 Kbps

* DoD CELP – 4.8 Kbps

VOIP Services

One important step into adopting VoIP is to choose a VoIP service, which will allow you to make
and receive cheap or free local and international phone calls. It is important to choose the right
type of VoIP service. Your needs and the way you will communicate should help you decide
which type of VoIP service to choose. The list below shows the existing types of VoIP service,
and helps you decide which type suits you best.

We can see some examples:

Computer-Based VoIP Service - Computer-based or software-based VoIP service is the most

common among VoIP users. This type of VoIP service can be used for free in most cases,
especially when they involve PC-to-PC communication over the Internet. You only have to
download a VoIP application (ex. x-lite) that the VoIP service provides and install it on your
machine, register for a free account, and talk. The calls are unlimited and free when you talk to
people using the same VoIP service on their computers. Calls to mobile and landline phones are
charged, but cheap. A headset is the minimal hardware required.

Residential/Office VoIP Service - This type of VoIP service is the one to replace your existing
phone line at home or in the office. On signing-up for the VoIP service, which you can do online,
you are sent an [link url=/od/hardware/p/whatisanATA.htm]ATA[/link] (phone adapter) that
you plug, on one side, to your broadband Internet line and on the other to your regular phone
set. The cost includes a once-off subscription fee and monthly fees, which are most of the time
flat rates. Calls can either be made unlimited locally or towards certain destinations, or the
service can cover a limited number of minutes.

Mobile VoIP Service - If, like anyone else, you are wondering how to cut down the cost of your
mobile communication, a mobile VoIP service might be the solution. Cost is not the only thing
about mobile VoIP - it also allows you to carry all the benefits and features that VoIP offers.

No-Monthly Bill VoIP Service - Just like residential VoIP service, no-monthly bill VoIP service
relies on a device shipped by the service provider, but the difference is that there is no monthly
fee. Once you buy the device and get it running, you can make unlimited calls without ever
getting bills every month.

Business VoIP Service and Solutions - You might have a network-centered business in which
you want to deploy VoIP as an internal and external communication solution; or you might have
a small enterprise with a small number of phones. Business VoIP service has solutions as
packages, or tailored to your needs. If you want something simple, you can go for the business
plans of residential VoIP services or consider more specific and business-oriented VoIP
solutions.

IP PBX system for enterprises

An IP PBX (Private branch exchange, a telephone exchange that serves a particular business or
office) is a complete telephony system that provides telephone calls over IP data networks. All
conversations are sent as data packets over the network.

The technology includes advanced communication features but also provides a significant dose
of worry-free scalability and robustness that all enterprises seek. The IP PBX is also able to
connect to traditional PSTN lines via an optional gateway - so upgrading day-to-day business
communication to this most advanced voice and data network is a breeze!

Enterprises don’t need to disrupt their current external communication infrastructure and
operations. With IP PBX deployed, an enterprise can even keep its regular telephone numbers.
This way, the IP PBX switches local calls over the data network inside the enterprise and allows
all users to share the same external phone lines.

We can see on the figure how an IP PBX integrates into the network;
An IP PBX or IP Telephone System consists of one or more SIP phones, an IP PBX server and
optionally a VOIP Gateway to connect to existing PSTN lines. The IP PBX server functions in a
similar manner to a proxy server: SIP clients, being either soft phones or hardware-based
phones, register with the IP PBX server, and when they wish to make a call they ask the IP PBX
to establish the connection. The IP PBX has a directory of all phones/users and their
corresponding SIP address and thus is able to connect an internal call or route an external call
via either a VOIP gateway or a VOIP service provider.

There are ten benefits for choosing IP PBX:

1. Much easier to install & configure than a proprietary phone system:

An IP PBX runs as software on a computer and can leverage the advanced processing power of
the computer and user interface as well as Windows’ features. Anyone proficient in networking
and computers can install and maintain an IP PBX. By contrast a proprietary phone system often
requires an installer trained on that particular proprietary system!
 2. Easier to manage because of web/GUI based configuration interface:

An IP PBX can be managed via a web-based configuration interface or a GUI, allowing you to
easily maintain and fine tune your phone system. Proprietary phone systems have difficult-to-
use interfaces which are often designed to be used only by the phone technicians.

3. Significant cost savings using VOIP providers:

With an IP PBX you can easily use a VOIP service provider for long distance and international
calls. The monthly savings are significant. If you have branch offices, you can easily connect
phone systems between branches and make free phone calls.

4. Eliminate phone wiring!

An IP Telephone system allows you to connect hardware phones directly to a standard

computer network port (which it can share with the adjacent computer). Software phones can
be installed directly onto the PC. You can now eliminate the phone wiring and make adding or
moving of extensions much easier. In new offices you can completely eliminate the extra ports
to be used by the office phone system!

5. Eliminate vendor lock in!

IP PBXs are based on the open SIP standard. You can now mix and match any SIP hardware or
software phone with any SIP-based IP PBX, PSTN Gateway or VOIP provider. In contrast, a
proprietary phone system often requires proprietary phones to use advanced features, and
proprietary extension modules to add features.

6. Scalable

Proprietary systems are easy to outgrow: Adding more phone lines or extensions often requires
expensive hardware modules. In some cases you need an entirely new phone system. Not so
with an IP PBX: a standard computer can easily handle a large number of phone lines and
extensions – just add more phones to your network to expand!

7. Better customer service & productivity:

With an IP PBX you can deliver better customer service and better productivity: Since the IP
telephone system is now computer-based you can integrate phone functions with business
applications. For example: Bring up the customer record of the caller automatically when you
receive his/her call, dramatically improving customer service and cutting cost by reducing time
spent on each caller. Outbound calls can be placed directly from Outlook, removing the need
for the user to type in the phone number.

8. Twice the phone system features for half the price!

Since an IP PABX is software-based, it is easier for developers to add and improve feature sets.
Most VOIP phone systems come with a rich feature set, including auto attendant, voice mail,
ring groups, advanced reporting and more. These options are often very expensive in
proprietary systems.

9. Allow roaming

Users can roam too – if an employee has to work from home, he/she can simply fire up their SIP
software phone and are able to answer calls to their extension, just as they would in the office.
Calls can be diverted anywhere in the world because of the SIP protocol characteristics!

10. Better phone usability: SIP phones are easier to use

Employees often struggle using advanced phone features: Setting up a conference, transferring
a call – On an old PBX it all requires instruction.

Conclusion

So as we can see technologies are developing. All analog signals will be transformed into digital
signals in future. VOIP phone number you can use in every countries. For example if you have
Georgian VOIP number, you can use same number in Czech Republic with same tariffs as it is in
Georgia.
References

http://voip.about.com/od/servicesandsolutions/tp/TypesOfVoIPServices.htm

http://www.voip-info.org/wiki/view/What+is+VOIP

http://www.eetimes.com/design/signal-processing-dsp/4016954/How-VoIP-works-protocols-
codecs-and-more?pageNumber=4

http://www.3cx.com/PBX/pbx-benefits-wp.html

http://www.myphone.ge/services.php
 Office 2.0
This document was made by Google Docs

1. Definition
The term Office 2.0. is tied in with the rise of Web 2.0. The idea of Web 2.0 is to use the Internet as a
platform to create more responsive web pages that provide better collaboration of ideas through such
concepts as social networking, blogs, wiki, etc.

There are some products in the web now:

Office Web Apps

Google Docs

Zoho

2. The Benefits of Office 2.0

The primary benefits of Office 2.0 is a reduction in support costs and the idea of increased productivity
through collaboration. That is quite a mouthful. Basically, it means the IT staff won't need to continually
upgrade different software packages on each computer in the office, so the company will save money.
And, since the employees will be working in a shared environment, collaborating on projects becomes
easier.

Another benefit of Office 2.0 is independence. If work is done through a web browser, then employees
can be just as productive using their home computers or laptops as they can be using their work
computers. There is no need to synchronize files or upgrade software since everything is stored on the
remote website.

3. Advantages
● The cost is low.
● There is no need to download or install software.
● Online office suites can run with minimal hardware requirements.
● Provide the ability for a group of people to share a document without the need to run their own
server.
● Online office suites are portable.

4. Disadvantages
 ● Access requires connectivity--if the remote server or network is unavailable, the content will
also be unavailable.
● There are speed and accessibility issues. Most of the available online office suites require a high
speed (broadband) Internet connection. That can be a problem for users who are limited by a
slower connection to the Internet.
● The number of features available is an issue.
● The user has no control over the version of the software used. If the software is changed the
user is forced to use the changed version, even if the changed version is less suited to the user.
● The privacy and security of documents

5. Introduction to Google docs

5.1 Advantages
Some of the advantages of using Google Docs include:

Anytime, anywhere access Web-based Google Docs safely stores documents online, making them
accessible to authorized users from any computer or mobile device, whenever they're needed. No need
to save files to a USB thumbdrive, you can always access your files from any internet browser.

Collaboration support Google Docs lets users easily invite others to work on the same document, at the
same time, without the hassle of attaching and sending documents. Sharing privileges ensure access by
only the right people or groups, and allow either editing or read-only access.

Autosave and revision history Continuous autosave ensures that current work stays safe, preserving
ongoing drafts and edits. A complete revision history makes it easy to review, compare, or revert to a
prior version at any point.

Shared collections Files and docs that are regularly used by teams or groups stay organized and up-to-
date – without the need to manage and communicate changes.

Templates Ready-made templates covering a wide range of document and report types help jump-start
writing projects. You can also create and publish your own document templates to establish assignment
structures for your students. Templates can be copied with one click and then modified like any other
document.

5.2 Access Google Docs

You can access Google Docs from any of your school Google Apps product pages.

1. In the top left corner of any product main page, you will see a list of links.
2. Click Documents.
In addition to the links at the top left of any Google Apps page, you can also access Google Docs through
a custom URL for your school:

1. Type http://docs.google.com/a/yourschool.org into your browser address bar. Please replace

yourschool.org with your school Apps domain name

5.3 Compatibility
Because Google Docs is accessed online via a browser, there are very few compatibility issues that exist
when you use installed software. This can save time and simplify the process of sharing and exchanging
files.

Any computer, any operating system Whether you use a Mac, PC, or Linux computer, you access
Google Docs the same way – in your browser. Google Docs works with most modern browsers. You can
start a document on a Mac at school and continue editing it on a Home PC with no difference in quality
or functionality.

No need to install upgrades Google Docs is constantly updating new features, but because it is accessed
online, there is no need to install or upgrade software. Since everyone is always using the same version
of Google Docs, there are no differences in saving or opening files. When viewing files on a different
computer, you won't have to worry about formatting surprises or compatibility errors.

Latest version Passing around attachments of files via email or external media can cause a confusion
with what is the "latest" version of a file. With Google Docs, you can share one file which everyone can
view and edit.

Import / Export Option:

Google Docs allows you to easily import and store any file format. In addition, with many of the file
formats you have the option to convert the file into a Google Doc for editing and collaboration. After
you're done collaborating and have a finished product, you can even export the documents out to be
used with other word processing, spreadsheet or presentation programs.

Docs Spreadsheets Presentations Drawings

Import & Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Microsoft Windows

Convert (.doc, .docx) (.xls, .xlsx) Powerpoint Metafile (.wmf)
(.ppt, .pps)
OpenDocument text OpenDocument
(.odt) spreadsheet (.ods)

StarOffice text Comma-separated

(.sxw) values (.csv, .txt)
 Rich text (.rtf)

Plain text (.txt)

HTML (.htm, .html)

Export Microsoft Microsoft Excel (.xls) Microsoft PNG, JPEG,

Word(.doc) PowerPoint (.ppt) SVG, PDF
OpenDocument
OpenDocument text spreadsheet (.ods) PDF (.pdf)
(.odt)
Comma-separated Text (.txt)
Rich text (.rtf) values (.csv, .txt)

Plain text (.txt) PDF, HTML

HTML (.htm, .html)

PDF

You can also convert documents to a Google Docs format if you happened to upload it in an
unconverted format. While in the document list, right-click on the file you want to convert and select
Make a Google Docs copy. This doesn’t modify your original file and adds a new Google Docs copy to
your docs list.

5.4 Google Cloud Connect

Google Cloud Connect is a plug-in for Microsoft® Office 2003, 2007, and 2010 that lets you share and
simultaneously edit Microsoft Word, PowerPoint®, and Excel® documents with other people in your
organization. You get the collaboration benefits of Google Docs, while continuing to use Microsoft
Office.

System requirements

Google Cloud Connect works for Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel files for users of Microsoft
Office 2003, 2007, and 2010. It supports Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7. It is currently not
available for Macs. For more details, see System requirements.

Syncing and sharing documents

Google Cloud Connect tracks, manages and syncs all changes on your Microsoft Office documents into
one updated version for each document. Each document that you sync through Google Cloud Connect
gets a unique URL, or web address, that you can share with collaborators through IM or email.
Depending on the privacy setting you’ve selected for the document, other people will be able to click
this link and view the document in the browser.

Collaborating simultaneously on documents

Google Cloud Connect for Microsoft Office lets you easily share documents with other people. When
you add someone as an editor in a document, they receive an e-mail letting them know that a document
has been shared with them. From there, they can open a link to view the document in the browser, or if
they want to make edits, they can download the document and open it in Microsoft Office. When
another editor edits a document in Microsoft Office, all changes get synced to and will be reflected on
your screen.

Revision history

Using Google Cloud Connect, you can edit a document both online and offline. Every time you sync a
document, the revisions of a document are stored so you can easily roll back to a previous version. You
can retrieve and revert to any prior revision of a document at any time.

5.5 Sharing, Privacy, Printing & Publishing

Many people can access a Google Doc at the same time, just like many people can look at the same
webpage or the same photo shared online. With everyone seeing the same thing, at the same time, you
can start collaborating in real-time. Sharing documents online makes it easier for
groups to work together, wherever they are.

Google Docs lets you know who else is looking at the document and exactly where they are making
changes.
You can also start a discussion with others in the document using the built-in chat feature.

With Google Docs you have 2 types of settings for making your document available to others which we
will review in the next steps:

● Visibility settings: how people can access your document

● Sharing settings: who can make changes or only view the document

To publish any of your docs, just follow these steps:

1. Open the doc you'd like to publish.

2. Click the Share drop-down menu on the top right of the page and select Publish to the Web..
 3.

4. You can choose whether you would like the published doc to be automatically updated if you
make any changes. This can help keep your published, webpage documents as up to date as
possible. However, if you wish to control when a new version of a document becomes this
published webpage, you may want to deselect the option: Automatically republish when
changes are made.
5. You can also ensure secure access to your document by requiring those at your school Apps
domain to sign in before viewing the document.

6.
7. Click the Start publishing button. A link to the published doc appears in the publishing dialog.
8. Send this link to anyone you'd like to access your doc.
Your doc will be accessible from this URL until you either delete your doc or choose to stop publishing.

Pubblishing to the Web

If you are using another website software or blog, you can find the embed code for a doc by following
these steps:

1. Open the doc you'd like to publish.

2. Click the Share drop-down menu on the top right of the page and select Publish to the Web....
3. If you have not already published your document, click the Start publishing button.
4. Beneath the “Document link” box is the embed code. Copy and paste this code onto the
appropriate part of your blog or site.
References
● Google Docs Introduction: http://edutraining.googleapps.com/Training-Home/module-4-doc
● About - http://webtrends.about.com/od/webapplications/a/whatis_office20.htm
● Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_office_suite