National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Department of Mathematics
MA1003 Mathematics-1
Assignment-02

1. Test for convergence the series

√ √
1 3 5 1 1 1
a) + + + ... b) + + + ...
4 · 6 6 · 8 8 · 10 3 · 7 4 · 9 5 · 11
√ √ √
2−1 3−1 4−1 X 1
c) 3 + 3 + 3 + ... d)
3 −1 4 −1 5 −1 n1+(1/n)
√ √ √
1·2 3·4 5·6 1 2 3 4
e) 2 2
+ 2 2 + 2 2 + ... f) + + + + ...
3 ·4 5 ·6 7 ·8 5 7 9 11
2. Test each of the following series for convergence
Xp √ Xp p X√ √
a) ( n3 + 1 − n3 ) b) ( n4 + 1− n4 − 1) c) ( n + 1 − n)
Xp Xp
d) ( n2 + 1 − n) e) ( n4 + 1 − n2 )

3. Apply Cauchy’s Integral test to examine the convergence of the following series:
∞ ∞
X 1 X 1
a) 2
b)
n +1 n2 +n
n=1 n=1

4. Test for convergence the series whose nth term is

 3/2
1 −n rn

n
a) 1 + √ b) 2−n−(−1) c) , r>0
n nn
√ n r
nx n−1 n
d) √ e) x
n2 + 1 n3 + 1
 2 −1  3 −2  4 −3
2 2 3 3 4 4
5. Test for convergence the series − + − + − + ...
12 1 23 2 34 3
6. Test for convergence the series
∞ ∞
X 1 · 2 · 3...n X 2 · 4 · 6 . . . 2n
a) , b) ,
7 · 10 . . . (3n + 4) 1 · 3 · 5 . . . (2n − 1)
n=1 n=1
∞ ∞
X 1 · 3 · 5 . . . (2n − 1) 4n + 1 X 2n−1
c) · d)
2 · 4 · 6 . . . 2n 2n + 3 3n + 1
n=1 n=1
∞ ∞
X (2n)! n X 3 · 6 · 9 . . . 3n
e) x (x > 0) f) xn (x > 0)
(n!)2 7 · 10 · 13 . . . (3n + 4)
n=1 n=1
∞
X 2 · 4 · 6 . . . (2n + 2) n−1 x x2 x3
g) x (x > 0) h) + + + ... (x > 0)
3 · 5 · 7 . . . (2n + 3) 1·3 2·4 3·5
n=1

x x2 x3 x x3 x5
i) √ + √ + √ + ... (x > 0) j) √ + √ + √ + . . . (x > 0)
2 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 9
x2 x3 x4
k) √ + √ + √ + ... (x > 0)
2 1 3 2 4 3
 7. Prove that the series
α α(α + 1) α(α + 1)(α + 2)
1+ + + + ... (α > 0, β > 0)
β β(β + 1) β(β + 1)(β + 2)

converges if β > α + 1 and diverges if β ≤ α + 1.

8. Test for convergence the series

α(α + 1) α(α + 1)(α + 2)

1+α+ + + ... (α > 0)
1·2 1·2·3

9. Test for convergence and absolute convergence the series

1 1 1 1 1 1
a) 1 − √ + √ − √ + . . . b) 1 − p
+ p − p + ... (p > 0)
2 2 3 3 4 4 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
c) 1 − √ + √ − √ + . . . d) − + − ...
3 5 7 2 log 2 3 log 3 4 log 4
10. Test for convergence the series
∞ ∞
X cos nx X (−1)n cos nα
a) b) , α being real.
n2 n3/2
n=1 n=1
∞ ∞  
X sin nx + cos nx X
n−1 1 1
c) d) (−1) 2
+
n3/2 n (n + 1)2
n=1 n=1
∞ ∞
(−1)n+1
 
X
n−1 1 1 X
e) (−1) 3
+ f) √
n (n + 1)3 n
n=1 n=1
∞ 
(−1)n−1

X 1
g) + √
n n
n=1

11. Let f (x) = |x| for every x ∈ R. Show that f is continuous on R.

12. Let f : [0, π] → R be defined by

   
x sin 1 − 1 cos 1

for x 6= 0
f (x) = x x x
0 for x = 0.


Check the continuity of f at point x = 0

13. Let f : [a, b] → R be continuous function and f (x) > 0 for all x ∈ [a, b]. show that
there exists α > 0 such that f (x) ≥ α for all x ∈ [a, b].

14. Show that x4 + 6x3 − 8 has at least two real roots.

15. Show that |x31 + x8 + 20| = x32 has at least one positive real solution.

16. Let f : R → R be a continuous function such that f (x + 2π) = f (x) for all x ∈ R.
Show that there exists a ∈ R such that f (a + π) = f (a).

17. Let f : [0, 1] → R be a continuous function

 such that f (0) = f (1). Show that there
1 1
exists a ∈ [0, ] such that f (a) = f a + .
2 2
18. Discuss the differentiability of following functions at x = 0.
 1
a) f (x) = x 3
 
x sin x cos 1

for x 6= 0
b) f (x) = x
0 for x = 0.

(
x2 for x ∈ Q
c) f (x) =
0 for x ∈ R \ Q.
19. Given an example of a function f : R → R which is differential only at one point.
20. Let f : R → R be differentiable at x = 1, f (1) = 1 and k ∈ N. show that
       
1 2 k k(k + 1) 0
lim n f 1 + +f 1+ + ··· + f 1 + −k = f (1)
n→∞ n n n 2

21. Let f : [0, 1] → R be differentiable and f (0) = 0 and f (1) = 1. Show that equation
0
f (x) = 2x has a solution on (0, 1).
22. Find the number of real solutions of the following equations.
√
a) 2x − cos2 x + 7 = 0
b) x17 − e−x + 5x + cos x = 0
c) x18 + e−x + 5x2 − 2 cos x = 0
23. Use the mean value theorem (MVT) to establish the following inequalities.
a) ex ≥ 1 + x for x ∈ R
1 √ √ 1
b) √ < n + 1 − n < √ for all n ∈ N.
2 n+1 2 n
x−1
c) < ln x < x − 1 for x > 1
x
24. Find the following limit
3x2 |y|
a) lim . b) lim (x2 + 2y).
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 (x,y)→(1,2)

xy(x2 − y 2 ) sin(xy 2 )
c) lim . d) lim .
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

25. Show that the following limit do not exist.

xy cos y (x + y + z)2
a) lim . b) lim .
(x,y)→(0,0) 4x2 + y 2 (x,y,z)→(0,0,0) x2 + y 2 + z 2

xy 3 x3 + y 3
c) lim . d) lim .
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 6 (x,y)→(0,0) x − y

26. Check the continuity of the following functions,

 3
 x y for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
a) f (x, y) = 2x4 + y 2 .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)

2 2
xy x − y

2 2
for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
b) f (x, y) = x +y .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)

 2
x y 2
 for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
c) f (x, y) = x y + (x − y)2
2 2 .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)

  2 3
 3x y − y for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
27. Consider the function f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)


a) Verify whether f is continuous at (0, 0).

b) Evaluate fy (x, 0) for x 6= 0.
c) Verify whether fy is continuous at (0, 0).
28. Find the partial derivative of following functions at (0, 0).
2 2
xy x − y

for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
a) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)

 2
 sin (x + y) for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
b) f (x, y) = |x| + |y| .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)


29. Let    
1 1


x sin + y sin if x 6= 0, y 6= 0


  x  y
x sin 1


if x 6= 0, y

=0
f (x, y) =  x .
 1
6= 0


y sin if x = 0, y



 y
0 if x = 0, y =0


Show that none of the partial derivative of f exist at (0, 0).

30. Let y p
 x2 + y 2 if y 6= 0
f (x, y) = |y| .
0 if y = 0
Show that f is continuous at (0, 0), and directional derivative exists for every unit
vector u at (0, 0).
31. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xey + cos(xy) at point (2, 0) in the
direction u = (3, −4).
32. Find the directional derivative of the function at the given point P0 in the direction
~
of the vector A
~ = 4î + 3ĵ
a) f (x, y) = 2xy − 3y 2 , P0 (5, 5), A
~ = 2î + ĵ − 2k̂
b) f (x, y, z) = 3ex cos(yz), P0 (0, 0, 0), A
33. Find the direction in which the functions increase and decrease most rapidly at the
given point P0 . Find also the directional derivative of the function in that direction
a) f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 , P0 (−1, 1)
b) f (x, y, z) = ln(x2 + y 2 + 1) + y + 6z, P0 (1, 1, 0)

34. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = x2 yz 3 along the curve x = e−u , y =
2 sin u + 1, z = u − cos u at the point P where u = 0
35. In what direction from (3, 1, −2) is the directional derivative of φ = x2 y − 2x4
maximum. Find also the magnitude of this maximum.

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ End ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗